^LIBRARY OF CONGRESS^' 



Shelf,. IKJ^^^ 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



THE 



PEOPLES' MAKITAL 



Hap-Book of Popular Goyerhent. 



A comprehensive view of the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial 

Departments of the Government of the United States 

and of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania; 

As well as a brief treatise on the qualifications, manner of 

election, term of service, duties, powers, and 

privileges of county and township offi- 






I cers in Pennsylvania. 



TO WHICH IS ADDED A COMPLETE SALARY AND FEE 

BILL FOR ALL COUNTY, TOWNSHIP, AND BOROUGH 

OFFICERS IN THE COMMONWEALTH. 



By JOHN ]M[cMURRAY, Esq., 

AiUkoT oj the Pennsylviiuia State Book. ; -^"^ 



t MAR 7 leO: / 



HARRISBITRC. 

LANE S. HART, PRINTKR. 

188"). 






fK^^t 






Copyrighted by 
JOHN McMURRAY, 

1885. 



PREFACE 



The Government of the United States, being a representative Repub- 
lic, secures rights to, and imposes duties and responsibilities upon, 
each citizen, peculiar and important alike to the citizen and tlie Govern- 
ment. 

The principle on which the Government is founded— that the sov- 
ereignty is in the people, and the officers of the Government are only 
their servants, or agents— demands that the people shall sufficiently 
comprehend who their several agents are, and what duties they have a 
right to demand from each, to be able to judge intelligently of their 
official action, and the manner of its performance. 

As any citizen may be called upon to hold office under the Govern- 
ment, knowledge of official dutj', official rights, and mode of action, is 
an obligation resting alike on the citizen and official. 

These considerations suggest the necessity for the present work; 
which is intended as an analysis of the Government, in its several 
branches, aepartments, and divisions, with a general outline of the 
duties incumbent on each department and the officers therein. 

The limits of the work forbid an exhaustive discussion of the several 
topics, but within its scope it will be found accurate and reliable. It is 
intended foi- popular, rather than for professional, use. 

From the dual character of the Government, the subject is necessarily 
divided into the National and State Governments, and treated in that 
order. 

In each branch of the Government — National and State — there is a 
law-making, or Legislative power, a law-applying, or judicial power, 
and a law-executing, or executive power. These furnish necessary di- 
visions of each branch. The duties to be performed in each of these are 
so numerous and diversitied as to necessitate their sub-division into de- 
partments, offices, etc., each one charged with specific labors and armed 
with ajipropriate poAvers and rights. These departments and offices, 
with the general duties belonging to each, the several officers and em- 
ployes therein, with their duties, powers, mode of appointment, term 
of service, emoluments, &c. , are treated in order. 

County and township officers, which belong to the State Government, 
are treated of separately. 

The purpose of this work is to place within the reach of every citizen 

(iu) 



iv people's MAKUAL. 

a brief treatise which will enable the masses to better qualify theni- 
selves, as private citizens and officers, to properly discharge the several 
duties they owe to the Government committed to their charge. 

That the work is entirely sufficient to furnish all the needed informa- 
tion for intelligent civil action is not claimed ; but that it may prove a 
substantial nucleus for further knowledge, and incite a desire among 
the masses of the citizens of the Republic to learn more concerning our 
form of government, and the duties, powers, and responsibilities of 
those charged with its administration, is the wish of the 

AUTHOK. 

Bbookville, Pa., February^ 1885. * 



TABLE OF COKTEISTTS. 



Chapteb 



Chapter 
Chapter 

Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 



Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 



PART FIRST. 
Government of the United States. 

Legislative Department. 

Page. 

I. The Congress, 3 

Executive Department. 

II. President and Vice President, 14 

III. Provisions applicable to all Executive De- 
partments, 18 

IV". Department of State, 22 

V. War Department, 24 

VI. Treasury Department, 29 

VII. Department of Justice, 39 

VIII. Post-Office Department, 40 

IX. Navy Department, 44 

X. Department of the Interior, 47 

XL Department of Agriculture, 50 

Judicial Department. 

XII. Constitutional Provisions, 52 

XIII. The Supreme Court, 54 

XIV. Circuit Courts, 56 

XV. District Courts, 58 

XVI. Territorial Courts, Court of claims, &c,, . . 61 



Chapter 



PART SECOND. 
Government of Pennsylvania. 
Legislative Department. 
XVII. The Legislature, 



65 



Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 

Chapter 



Executive Department. 

XVIII. Governor and Lieutenant Governor, ... 71 

XIX. Secretary of the Commonwealth's Office, . 75 

XX. Attorney General's office, 79 

XXI. A uditor^General's office, 81 

XXII. State Treasurer's office and Sinking Fund, 83 

XXIII. Offire of Internal Affairs, 87 

XXIV. Department of Public Instruction and Sol- 

diers' Orphan Schools, .90 

XXV. Adjutant General's office and State Militia, 98 

(V) 



PEOPLES' MANUAL. 



Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 

Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 



Chapter 
Chapter 
Chapter 



PAGE, 

XXVI. Insurance Department, 102 

XXVIL. Public Printing and Binding, 103 

XXVIII. Mine Inspectors, 106 

XXIX. Various Boards, 108 

XXX, State Library, 112 

XXXI. How expenses of the State Government are 

paid, 113 

XXXII. State Institutions, . 116 

XXXIII. Subjects and Rates of Taxation, 121 

XXXIV. Elections, 125 

Judicial Department. 

XXXV. Supreme Court, 127 

XXXVI. Common Pleas and other courts, . . 129 

XXXVII. Justices of the Peace, Aldermen, &c., . . 133 



PART THIRD. 

County and Township Officers. 

Chapter XXXVIII. County officers, 137 

Chapter XXXIX. Townsliip officers, 156 

PART FOURTH. 
Chapter XL. Salaries and tees of officers, 173 



PAET FIRST. 



Government of the United States. 



(r. 




(2) 



LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 



CHAPTER I. 
THE CONGRESS. 



Wheke LECxisLATn-E Power Vested — Number of Senators and 
Representatives — Qualifications and Term of Service — 
How Chosen — Representative Apportionment 

1. The legislative power of the United States Government is vested in 
a Congress, consisting of a Senate and House of Representatives. 

The Senate is composed of two Senators from each State, and the 
House of Representatives of members, apportioned among the several 
States according to population. Each State must be divided into as 
many districts by the Legislature thereof, of contiguous territory, as 
nearly equal in population as practicable, as there are Representatives 
apportioned to the State, in each of which one Representative shall be 
chosen. The number of Reiaresentatives can never exceed one for every 
thirty thousand population, but erch State shall have at least one. A 
new apportionment of Representatives is made after each decennial 
census. 

The present apportionment was made by Congress in 1882, and under 
It the number of Representatives allowed each State is as follows : Ala- 
bama, 8; Arkansas, 5; California, 6; Colorado, 1; Connecticut, 4; 
Delaware, 1 ; Florida, 2 ; Georgia, 10 ; Illinois, 20 ; Indiana, 13 ; Iowa, 
11; Kansas, 7; Kentucky, 11; Louisiana, 6; Maine, 4: Maryland, 6; 
Massachusetts, 12 ; Michigan, 11 ; Minnesota, 5 ; Mississippi, 7 ; Mis- 
souri, 14 ; Nebraska, 3 ; Nevada, 1 ; New Hampshire, 2 ; New Jersey, 7; 
New York, 34 ; North Carolina, 9 ; Ohio, 21 ; Oregon, 1 ; Pennsylvania, 
28; Rhode Island, 2; South Carolina, 7 ; Tennessee, 10 ; Texas, 11 ; Ver- 
mont, 2; Virginia, 10; West Virginia, 4; Wisconsin, 9. Total, 325. To 
these is added one delegate from each of the Territories, who has a seat 
in the House of Representatives, with the right to speak, but cannot 
vote on any measure. 

Senators' must be thirty -live years of age, have been nine years citi- 
zens of the United States, and at the time of their election inhabitants 
of the State for which they are chosen. Representatives must be twenty- 
five years of age, seven years citizens of the United States, and at the 
time of their election inhabitants of the State and district for which they 
are chosen. Senators are chosen for six years, and Representatives for 
two years. 

Senators are elected by the Legislatures of the several States chosen 
next before the commencement of the Senatorial term for which they 
are elected, by the open viva voce vote of the members of both Houses, 

(3) 



4 V PEOPLE'S MANUAL. 

each member voting for one person, a majority of all the members of 
both Houses voting being necessary to an election. The election is held 
on the second Tuesday after the meeting and organization of the Legisla- 
ture. When a vacancy occurs in the Senate, from any State, the Gov- 
ernor fills it by appointment until the next meeting of the Legislature, 
when it is filled for the unexpired term by election by the Legislature, 
in the same manner as for a full term. Should a vacancy occur while 
the Legislature is in session, it is filled in the same manner. The Grov- 
ernor of each State must certify the election of Senators to the President 
of the United States Senate, under the seal of the State, to be attested 
by the Secretary of State of the State. 

Representatives are elected by the qualified voters of the several States, 
in single districts, at the general election, by written or printed ballots, 
on the Tuesday next succeeding the first Monday of November of every 
second year, the elections occurring in the even-numbered years. Every 
person wno can vote for members of the Legislature, in any State, can 
vote for Representatives. When a vacancy occurs in the House of Rep- 
resentatives, from any State, the Governor orders a special election in 
the district to fill it. 

If any State denies the right of any male citizen thereof, twenty-one 
years of age, and a citizen of the United States, to vote for Presidential 
electors, members of Congress, State olficers, or members of the Legis- 
lature, except for participation in the Rebellion, or other crime, the num- 
ber of Representatives therein shall be reduced in the proportion which 
the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of 
male citizens of the State, twenty-one years of age or over. 

Contested elections of Representatives are determined by the House, 
after investigation and report by the Committee on Elections. The un- 
successful party to the contest is usually voted one year's salary by the 
House, as compensation for iiis time, trouble, and expenses. 

Organization and Meetings, 

2. All Senators and Representatives must be sworn to support the 
Constitution of the United States, This oath is administered to each 
Senator by the President of the Senate, and may be administered to him 
by any Senator. It can be administered to the Speaker of the House 
by any member, (usually the oldest in continuous service,) and is ad- 
ministered by the Speaker to all the members and delegates. 

The Senate is a continuous body. It is divided into three classes, as 
nearly equal in numbers as possible, the terms of one class expiring 
every second year, with each Congress. Thus two thirds of its mem- 
bers always hold over, and it is always organized. 

The terin of service of Senators and Representatives begins on the 
fourth of March next succeeding the date of the election of Represent- 
atives; but Congress does not meet till the first Monday of December 
following; so that more than a year elapses between the date of the 
election of Representatives and the meeting of the Congress to which 
they are elected, unless a special session should be called by the Presi- 
dent. 

Each Congress has two sessions, called the long session and the short 
session. The first, or long session, begins on the first Monday of 
December of every odd-numbered year, and the second, or short one, 
on the first Monday of December of every even-numbered year. The 
long session usually continues six or seven months, and sometimes 
longer ; the short one can last but three months, as the Congress ex- 
pires on the third of March next succeeding the commencement of the 
session. 

On the first Monday of December of every odKi-n timbered year. Con- 
gress is organized at Washington by swearing in the new Senators, and 
by the election of a Speaker of the House of Representatives, after 
which the oath of office is administered to each member. Before this 



^ LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 5 

meeting, the clerk of the last preceding House of Representatives 
makes up a roll of the Representatives-elect, placing thereon only the 
names of such as appear from their credentials to be regularly elected, 
according to the laws of the United States and the several States from 
which they are sent. Only those whose names are on this roll can vote 
for Speaker. At the time appointed for the meeting, the Clerk of the 
last House calls the members to order, and presides until a Speaker is 
elected. After the election of Speaker, the other officers are elected, or 
appointed, the committees are named, and Congress is ready for work. 
In the Senate the committees are elected by the Senators. In the 
House of Representatives they are appointed by the Speaker. 

When Congress is about to convene, if the President thinks it would 
be hazardous to their lives to meet at the seat of Government, from the 
prevalence of any contagious sickness, or for other reasons, he may, by 
proclamation, convene them at some other point. 

Duties, Powers, and Privileges of Congress and its Members. 

3. The Senate elects a President j)ro tempore from its own number in 
the absence of the Vice President, or when he is called to exercise the 
office of President of the United States. The House of Representatives 
elects one of its own members Speaker at the first session of each Con- 
gress. Both Houses choose for tlaemselves such other officers, and pro- 
vide for the appointment of such committees, as are necessary to trans- 
act their business, and each House is the judge of the qualification and 
election of its ow-n members. 

Each House determines the rules of its own procedure, punishes its 
members for contempt or disorderly behavior, and by a two-thirds vote 
may expel a member. 

A majority of each House constitutes a quorum for the transaction of 
business, but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and com- 
pel the attendance of absent members, under such rules as they may 
provide. 

Each House keeps and publishes a journal of its proceedings, but 
the journal of secret sessions is not published. During the sessions, 
neither House can adjourn for more than three days without the con- 
sent of the other, nor to any other place than that provided by law for 
their meeting. 

Senators and Representatives shall be privileged from arrest during 
their attendance at the sessions of Congress, and in going to and return- 
ing therefrom, in all cases except treason, felony, and breach of the 
peace, and shall never be questioned outside of their respective Houses 
for any speech or debate therein. 

No Senat )r or Representative can, during the time for which he is 
elected, be appointed to any civil office under the Federal Government, 
which shall be created, or the emoluments of which shall be increased, 
during said time ; and no person holding any office under the United 
States can be a member of either House while continuing therein. 

No person can be a Senator or Representative, Presidential elector, 
or hold any civil or military office under the United States, who has 
taken an oath as a Federal or State officer to support the Constitution 
of the United States, and has afterwards engaged in insurrection or re- 
bellion against the same, or given aid and comfort to its enemies ; but 
Congress may remove such disability by a two- thirds vote. 

Congress has power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and ex- 
cises, which must be uniform throughout the nation ; and to pay the 
debts, and provide for the general welfare of the United States. . 

To borrow money on the credit of the nation. 

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the States, and 
with the Indian tribes. 

To establish uniform naturalization and bankrupt laws. 

To coin and issue money and fix the standard of weights and meas- 
ures. 



6 people's manual, ^ 

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the money and securi- 
ties of the United States. 

To establish post-offices and post-roads. 

To control the subject of copyrights and patents to inventors. 

To establish courts inferior to the Supreme Court. 

To define and punish piracy and felony on the high seas, and offenses 
against the law of nations. 

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules 
concerning captures on land and sea. 

To raise and support armies, and provide and maintain a navy, and 
make rules for their government and regulation. 

To provide for calling out the militia to execute the laws of the 
nation, suppress insurrection, or repel invasion. 

To jjrovide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and 
for governing such as may be in the service of the United States, reserv- 
ing to the States the appointing of the officers. 

To legislate exclusively for the District of Columbia, wherein is 
located the National Capitol, and have full authority over ail places 
sold to the United States for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, 
dock-yards, and other needful buildings. 

To make all laws necessary for carrying into effect the powers vested 
in the Government of the United States, or any department thereof. 

Congress may, by law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers 
as it thinks proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in 
the heads of departments. 

New States may be admitted into the Union by Congress, but no new 
State shall be formed within the jurisdiction of any other State, nor 
any State be formed by uniting two or more States or parts of States, 
without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well 
as Congress. 

Congress has power to dispose of and make all needful rules and 
regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the 
United States. 

Whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, Con- 
gress may propose amendments to the Constitution ; and on applica- 
tion of the Legislatures of two thirds of all the States, shall call a con- 
vention for the purpose of proposing amendments to the Constitution, 
which shall become part thereof on being ratified by the Legislatures 
of three fourths of the States, or by conventions in three fourths there- 
of, as one or the other mode of ratification maj'- be proposed by Con- 
gress ; but no State can be deprived of its equal representation in the 
Senate without its consent. 

Slavery is abolished in the United States, and Congress is charged, by 
the thirteenth amendment to the Constitution, with the duty of enforc- 
ing its abolition by appropriate legislation. 

Congress has power to declare the punishment for treason, but no 
attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except 
during the life of the person attainted. 

Iiimitations on the Powers of Congress. 

4. Congress cannot suspend the writ of habeas corpus, except when in 
case of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it; nor can 
it pass any bill of attainder or ex post facto law. 

No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, except in proportion to 
population, as ascertained by the last decennial census. 

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles ex23orted from any State, nor 
shall any preference be given, by any regulation of commerce or reve- 
nue, to the ports of one State over those of another, nor shall vessels to 
or from one State be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duty in another. 

No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of 
appropriations made by law ; and a regular slatement and account of 



liEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. . ^ 

the receipts and expenditures of all public money siiall be published 
from time to time. 

No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States, nor shall 
any person holding any oflace of trust or profit under it accept of any 
present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any 
king, prince, or foreign State, without the consent of Congress. 

No religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any olfice 
of public trust under the United States. Congress shall malie no law 
respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise 
thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the 
right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petitioil the Govern- 
ment for a redress of grievances. And the right of the people to keep 
and bear arms as militiamen shall not be infringed. 

Congress must see that the validity of the public debt of the United 
States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for the payment of 
pensions and bounties for service in suppressing insurrection or rebel- 
lion, shall not be questioned; and neither the United States nor any 
State sliall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of in- 
surrection or rebellion against the United States, or claim for the loss or 
emancipation of any slave, but all such debts, obligations, and claims 
shall be held illegal and void. 

Manner of Passing taws. 

5. All laws must be passed by bill, which term includes joint resolu- 
tions. Every bill must be introduced on the report of a committee, on 
leave given by the proj^er House, or on the report of the court of claims. 

All bills for raising revenue must originate in the House of Repre- 
sentatives, but may be amended in the Senate. 

Every bill must receive three separate readings in each House pre- 
vious to its passage, but these readings need not be on difiereut days. 
The reading of a bill is usually by its title merely, but any member may 
require it to be read at length. A bill need not necessarily be referred 
to a committee, but, if such reference is desired, it is usually uaade when 
the bill is introduced, or on second reading. 

After a bill has been read three times, and passed by a majority vote, 
it is certified by the clerk to the other House, where it must be "passed 
in like manner. 

All amendments made to a bill in one House must be concurred in 
bj-- the other, or, if rejected, must be adjusted by a committee of confer- 
ence appointed by the two Houses, whose report must be adopted by 
both. 

After a bill has passed finally, it is copied at length on parchment by 
the Clerk of the House in which it originated, when it goes to the 
Committee on Enrolled Bills, consisting of seven Representatives and 
three Senators, who carefully compare it with the engrossed copy of the 
bill as it passed each House, correcting any errors that may be discov- 
ered. It is Then signed, first by the Speaker of the House of Repre- 
sentatives, and then by the President of the Senate, when it is sent to 
the President of the United States for his approval. If approved by 
him it becomes a law. 

If the President disapproves of a bill, he must return it, with his ob- 
jections, to the House in which it originated, who shall enter the objec- 
tions at large on their Journal, and proceed at once to reconsider it. If, 
after such reconsideration, two thirds of that House shall agree to pass 
the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, 
by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two 
thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the 
votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the 
names of those voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the 
Journal of each House respectivly. 

If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days 



8 people's MANUAIi. 

(Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, it shall 
be a law in like manner as if signed by him, unless Congress, by their 
adjournment, prevent its return. 

Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of both 
Houses is necessary, (except on the question of adjournment,) must be 
presented to the President, and be approved by him, or, being disap- 
proved by him, be repassed by a two-thirds vote of both Houses, accord- 
ing to the rules laid down for passing a bill over the President's veto. 

Compensation of Members, 

6. The salary of the Vice President, who is President of the Senate, is 
|8,000 a year. When there is no Vice President, the President pro tem- 
pore of the Senate receives this salary. The salary of Senators and Rep- 
resentatives is 15,000 a year, payable monthly, and actual traveling ex- 
penses from their homes to the seat of government and return, once for 
each session. The Speaker of the House of Representatives receives 
^3,000 a year in addition to his salary as Representative. 

In case of contested elections, those whose seats are contested receive 
no pay until they are sworn in. Members receive no allowance for 
postage, and are allowed no pay for time during which they are absent 
from the regular sessions of Congress, except in case of sickness of 
themselves or their families. 

The moneys appropriated for the compensation of the members and 
officers, and contingent expenses of Congress, are drawn from the 
treasury by the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House, on 
requisitions made by them, and disbursed by them, or under their di- 
rection. Senators and Representatives receive their salaries monthly. 

Impeachmento 

7. The President, Vice President, and all civil officers of the United 
States, may be removed from office by impeachment for, and conviction 
of, treason, bribery, or otlier high crimes and misdemeanors. The House 
of Representatives has the right to prefer all articles of impeachment 
against all officers, but the Senate has the sole power to try impeach- 
ments. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief 
Justice of the Supreme Court shall preside. No person can be con- 
victed without the concurrence of two thirds of the members of the 
Senate present. Judgment, in case of impeachment, shall not extend 
further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and 
enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but 
the party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indict- 
ment, trial, j udgment, and punishment, according to law. 

Duties, Powers, Privileg'es, and Rights of the States and the 
Citizens thereof, and liimitations on the Powers of the States, 

8. The enumeration of certain rights in the Constitution shall not be 
construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. 

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, 
nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, 
or to the people. 

The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and im- 
naunities of citizens in the several States. 

Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, 
records, and judicial proceedings of every other State; and Congress 
may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, 
and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. 

AJl persons born or naturalized in the United States, or subject to the 
jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the State 
wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which 



LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 9 

shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United 
States ; nor shall any State deprive any jierson of life, libertj^, or prop- 
erty, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its 
jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. 

A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, 
who shall flee from justice and be found in another State, shall, on de- 
mand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be de- 
livered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. 

The United States shall guarantee to every State in the Union a re- 
publican form of government, and shall protect them against invasion; 
and, on application of the Legislature, or 'of the Executive, (when the 
Legislature cannot be convened,) against domestic violence. 

Tlie rights of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, 
and eflBcts, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio- 
lated ; and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, supported 
bj^ oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be 
ssarched, and the persons or things to be seized. 

No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation ; grant 
any letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; 
make anj'thing but gold and silver coin a legal tender in payment of 
debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law imiaairing 
the obligation of contracts; or grant any title of nobility. 

No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any imposts or 
duties on exports, except what may be necessary for executing its in- 
spection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by 
any State on imports or exports shall be for the use of the Treasury of 
the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision 
and control of Congress. No State shall, without the consent of Con- 
gress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of 
peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or 
with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or 
in such imminent danger as will admit of no delay. 

No soldier shall be quartered in any house in time of peace without 
the consent of the owner, nor in time of war except as prescribed by 
law. 

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not bo denied 
or abridged by the United States, or any State, on account of race, 
color, or previous condition of servitude. 

Officers of the Senate and House, with their Annual Salaries. 

9. Senate. — The otficers and employes of the Senate, besides the 
Vice President or the President ^ro tempore, with their annual salaries, 
are as follows : 

Clerk to Vice President, $2,102 40; messenger, $1,440; chaplain, $900. 

Secretary of Senate, $6,096; principal clerk, minute and journal 
clerk, principal executive clerk, enrolling clerk, $2,592 each ; financial 
clerk, $3,000; librarian, $2,220; assistant librarian, $1,440; six clerks, 
$2,220 each, and five, $2,100 each; keeper of stationery, $2,102 40; one 
assistant, $1,800, and one $1,400; two messengers, $1,440 each; three 
laborers, $720 eacli ; page, $912 50; telephone operator, $720; sergeant- 
at-arms, $4,320 ; clerk to sergeant-at-arms, $2,000 ; two assistant door- 
keepers, $2,592 ; postmaster, $2,250 ; assistant postmaster, $2,088 ; five 
inail carriers, $1,200; superintendent of document-room, $2,100; two 
iassistants, $1,440 ; clerk in document-room, $1,440 ; page, $720 ; superin- 
tendent folding-room, $2,160; assistant, $1,200; foreman, $1,200; six 
folders, $1,095 ; three messengers to acting assistant doorkeeper, $1,800 ; 
twenty-four messengers, $1,440; messeuEjer in charge of store-room, 
$1,200; one laborer, $840; one laborer, $720; chief engineer, $2,160; 
three assistant engineers, $1,440 ; two firemen, $1,095 ; three laborers, 
$720; eight skilled laborers, $1,000; twelve laborers, $720 ; four pages, 
$912 50 ; two cabinet-makers, $3 50 per day ; one stable boss, $75 per 



10 people's manual. 

month ; two laborers at stables, $1 per day ; clerk of printing records, 
$2,230; messenger to official reporters, $1,440; telegraph operator, 
$1,200. 

10. House of Repbesentatives. — The officers and employes of the 
House of Representatives, besides tlie Speaker, with their annual sala- 
ries, are as follows : 

Speaker's private secretary, $1,800; Speaker's clerk, $1,600; clerk of 
Speaker's table , $1,400; chaplain, $900 ; five official reporters, $5,000 each ; 
general indexer of Journal, $2,500 ; assistant indexer, $2,000; clerk of the 
House, $4,500 ; chief clerk, $3,000 ; journal clerk, $3,000 ; two reading 
clerks, $3,000 ; tally clerk, $3,000 ; printing and bill clerk, $2,500 ; dis- 
bursing clerk, $2,250; assistant disbursing clerk, $2,000; tile clerk, $2,250 ; 
enrolling clerk, $2,250; assistant enrolling clerk, $2,000 ; resolution and 
petition clerk, $2,000 ; newspaper clerk, $2,000 ; index clerk, |2,000 ; 
superintendent of document-room, $2,000 ; librarian, $2,000, and two as- 
sistants, $1,440; two messengers in library, $3 60 per day; stationery clerk, 
$1,800; distributing clerk, $1,800; book-keeper, $1,600; three clerks, 
$1,600 ; document clerk, $1,440 ; upholsterer and locksmith, $1,440 ; five 
laborers, $720 ; telegraph operator, $720 ; page, $60 ; sergeant-at-arms, 
$4,500 ; deputy sergeant-at-arms, $2,000 ; cashier, $3,000 ; paying teller, 
$2,000 ; book-keeper, $1,800 ; messenger, $1,200 ; page, $60 per month ; 
laborer,$660; door keeper, $2,500; two assistant doorkeepers,|2,000; clerk 
to doorkeeper, $1,200 ; janitor, $1,200 ; superintendent folding-rooms, 
$2,000; three clerks, $1,200; foreman in folding-room, $1,500; department 
messenger, $1,200; messenger, $1,200; folder in seal-room, $1,200; ten 
folders, $900; five folders, $840 ; fifteen folders, $720; page, $500; laborer, 
$400 ; watchman, $900 ; driver, $600 ; superintendent document-rooms, 
$2,000 ; assistant superintendent docunient-rooms, $2,000 ; file clerk, 
$1,400; assistant file clerk, $1,314; eight messengers, $1,200 ; ten messen- 
gers, $1,000; one employe, $1,314; nine laborers, $720; one laborer, $600 ; 
attendant in ladies' waiting-room, $600 ; fourteen maimed soldier em- 
ploy6s,$l,200 ; postmaster, $2,500 ; assistant postmaster, $2,000 ; nine mes- 
sengers, $1,200 ; laborer, $720 ; chief engineer, $1,700 ; assistant engineer, 
$1,200 ; conductor of elevator, $1,200 ; sis firemen, $900 ; electrician, 
$1, 150 ; assistant electrician, $800 ; two laborers, $820 and $720 ; two steno- 
graphers, $5,000 each. 

Clerks to Committees. 

11. Senate. — Appropriations, clerk, $2,500 ; assistant, $1,600 ; messen- 
ger, $1,440; finance clerk, $2,500 ; messenger, $1,440 ; claims, clerk, $2,220; 
messenger, $1,440; commerce, clerk, $2,220; judiciary, clerk, $2,220; 
messenger, $1,440 ; private land claims, clerk, $2,220 ; pensions, clerk, 
$2,220; assistant, $1,440; messenger, $1,440; military afifairs, clerk, $2,220; 
post-offices and post-roads, clerk, $2,220 ; messenger, $1,440 ; District 
of Columbia, clerk, $2,220; messenger, $1,440; librarj^, clerk, $2,220; 
census^ clerk, $2,220 ; naval affairs, clerk, $2,220 ; foreign relations, clerk, 
$2,220 ; public lands, clerk, $2,220 ; engrossed bills, clerk, $2,220 ; mes- 
senger, $1,440 ; contingent expenses, clerk, $2,220. 

12. House op Representatives.— Ways and means, clerk, $2,500 ; 
assistant, $1,200; messenger, $1,000; appropriations, clerk, $2,500; first as- 
sistant, $1,600; second assistant, $1200; messenger, $1,000 ; judiciary, 
clerk, $2,000 ; claims, clerk, $2,000 ; 'war claims, clerk, $2,000; assistant, 
$1,600 ; public lands, clerk, $2,000 ; pensions, clerk, $2,000 ; commerce, 
clerk, $2,000 ; assistant, $1,500 ; Districtof Columbia, clerk, $2,000; agri- 
culture, $2,000 ; Indian afiairs, $2,000 ; military affairs, $2,000. 

Standing Committees of the Senate. 

13. On privileges and elections; appropriations; foreign relations; 
finance; commerce; manufactures; agriculture; military affairs ; naval 
affairs; judiciary ; post-offices and post-roads ; public lands; private land 



IjBGislative department. 11 

claims; Indian affairs; pensions; revolutionary claims; claims; District 
of Columbia ; patents ; territories ; railroads ; mines and mining ; revision 
oftiie laws ; education and labor ; civil service and retrenchment; con- 
tingent expenses of the Senate; engrossed bills; rules; improvement 
of Ihe Mississippi and its tributaries ; transportation routes to the sea- 
board. 

Standini; Committees of the House. 

14. Elections ; ways and means ; appropriations ; judiciary ; banking 
and currencj'-; weights and measures; commerce; rivers and harbors; 
agriculture ; foreign affairs ; military affairs ; post-offices and post-roads ; 
public lands; Indian affairs; territories; railways and canals; manu- 
factures; mines and mining; public buildings and grounds; Pacific 
railroads; levees and improvements of the Mississippi river ; education; 
labor; militia; patents; invalid pensions; pensions; claims; war 
claims ; private law claims ; District of Columbia ; revision of the laws ; 
expenditures in the State department; expenditures in the treasury 
department; expenditures in the war department; expenditures in the 
navy department ;■ expenditures in the post-office department; ex- 
penditures in the interior department; expenditures in the department 
of justice; expenditures on public buildings; on therviles; on accounts; 
on mileage ; joint committee on the library ; joint committee on print- 
ing; joint committee on enrolled bills. 

Congressional liibrary. 

15. The library of Congress is composed of the books, maps, charts, and 
other publications remaining from the collections heretofore united by 
the several acts of Congress, passed from time to time ; those since 
added by purchase, exchange, donation, reservation from publications 
ordered bj"- Congress; and such as are deposited to secure copyright. 
This last is a fruitful source of increase to the library, as a copy of every 
work, which is copyrighted under the laws of the United States, must 
be deposited in the library of Congress. The filing of the title page of 
any book, pamphlet, or article, or a description of any painting, draw- 
ing, chromo, statue, statuary, or a design for a work of the fine arts, and 
the delivery to the Librarian of (^ongress of two co^Dies of such copy- 
right book or other article, or, in case of a painting, drawing, statue, 
statuary, model or design for a work of the fine arts, a photograph of 
the same, within ten days after the publication or completion thereof, 
shall secure to the author, inventor, designer., or proprietor thereof, the 
exclusive right to print, publish, and sell the same within the United 
States, for a period of twenty-eight years. The Librarian of Congress 
keeps a complete record of all books, &c., copyrighted, setting forth 
names, titles, dates, &c. 

The library is arranged in two departments — a law librar}'- and a gen- 
eral library. All books for the law library are purchased by the Li- 
brarian, from catalogues furnished him by the Chief Justice of the 
Supreme Court. 

The library is maintained from year to year by appropriations made 
by Congress, and all expenditures are made under the direction of a 
joint committee of Congress upon the library, consisting of three Sen- 
ators and three Representatives. This committee makes regulations for 
the library, from time to time, modified by such as the Supreme Court 
may make for the law department. 

The library of the Smithsonian Institute is now kept in the same 
apartments with the library of Congress, and forms part thereof, under 
the conditions of the act of Congress passed in 1866. 

This library is under the care and direction of a Librarian appointed 
by the President of the United States. He gives bond to the United 
States in such sum as the joint committee upon the library deems suffi- 



12 people's manual. 

cient, for the safe-keeping of the books, maps, furniture, &c., confided 
to his care, and for tlie faithful discharge of his trust according to the 
regulations established for its government. His salary is |4, 000 a year. 
He is authorized to appoint the following assistants in the business of 
the library : 

Two assistant librarians, |2 , 500 each. 

Two assistants 1,800 " 

Two " ; 1,600 " 

Two " 1,440 " 

Six " 1,400 " 

Two " 1,300 " 

Four " 1,200 " 

One " 960 

One " 720 

One " 480 

The joint committee upon the library is authorized to grant the priv- 
ilege of using and drawing books from the library, in the same manner 
and subject to the same regulations as members of Congress, to the fol- 
lowing persons: Heads of departments; judges and reporters of the 
Supreme Court; members of the diplomatic corps; judges and clerk of 
the Court of Claims; Solicitor General and Assistant Attorneys G-eneral; 
secretary of the Senate and clerk of the House; chaplains of the two 
Houses 'of Congress ; Solicitor of the Treasury ; financial agent of the 
joint committee upon the library; Smithsonian Institute, through its 
secretary ; ex-Presidents of the United States, when in the District of 
Columbia. 

Capitol Building. 

16. As a fitting close to this chapter, Y^e append the following descrip- 
tion of the capitol building at Washington, in which Congress and the 
Supreme Court hold their sessions, and the Congressional Library is 
located : 

The building is located at the east end of Pennsylvania Avenue, fronts 
the east, and stands on a plateau ninety feet above the level of the Po- 
tomac river, in latitude 38° 53' 20".4 north and longitude 77° 00' 35".7 
west from Greenwich. 

The south-east corner-stone of the original building was laid on the 
18th of September, 1793, by President Washington, aided by the Free- 
masons of Maryland. It was built of sandstone, painted white, taken 
from an Island in Aquia creek, Virginia, under the direction of Stephen 
H. Hallet, James Hoban, George Hadfield, and, afterwards, B. H. La- 
trobe, arcMtects. The north wing was finished in 1800, and the south 
wing in 1811, and were connected by a wooden passage-way. On the 
24th of August, 1814, the interior of both wings was destroyed by the 
British, during the war of 1812, but were immediately rebuilt. In 1818, 
the central portion of the building was commenced, under the superin- 
tendence of Charles Bulfinch, architect, and the original building M'as 
finally completed in 1827. Its cost, including the grading of the grounds, 
alterations, and repairs, up to that time, was |2, 433, 844 13. 

The corner-stone to the extension of the capitol was laid on the 4th of 
July. 1851. by President Fillmore, Daniel Webster being the orator of 
the day. Thomas U. Walter was arcliitect, succeeded by Edward Clark, 
under whose direction the woric was completed in November, 1867. The 
extensions are built of white marble from the quarries at Lee, Massa- 
chusetts, with white marble columns from the quarries at Cockeysville, 
Maryland. 

The dome of the central building was constructed of wood at first, but 
was removed in 1856 and replaced'by the present structure of cast-iron, 
completed in 1865. Some idea of its stupendous character may be formed 
when it is stated that 8,909,200 pounds of iron are used in its construc- 
tion. 



LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 13 

The main building is three hundred and fifty-two feet four inches long 
iu front, and one hundred and twenty-one feet six inches deep, with a 
portico one hundred and sixt}-- feet wide, of twenty-four columns on the 
east and a projection of eighty-three feet on the west, embracing a re- 
cessed portico of ten coupled columns. The extensions are placed at 
the north and south ends of the main building, with connecting corri- 
dors fortj'-four feet long by hft^^-six feet wide, flanked by columns. 
Each extension is one hundred and forty-two feet eight inches in front, 
by two hundred and thirty-eight feet ten inches deep, with porticos of 
twenty-two columns each on their eastern fronts, and witii porticos of 
ten columns on their ends and western fronts. The entire length of 
the building is seven hundred and fifty-one feet four inches, and its 
greatest depth, including porticos and steps, three hundred and twenty- 
four feet. The area covered by the entire buildings is one hundred and 
fifty- three thousand one hundred and twelve square feet, or a few feet 
over three acres and a half. 

The dome is surmounted by a bronze statue of Freedom, modeled by 
Crawford, which is nineteen feet six inches high, and weighs 14,985 
pounds. The height of the dome above the base line of the east front 
is two hundred and eighty-seven feet eleven inches ; the height from 
the balustrade of the building is two hundred and seventeen feet eleven 
inches ; and the greatest diameter at the base is one hundred and thirty- 
five feet five inches. 

The rotunda is ninety-five feet six inches in diameter, and its height 
from the floor to the top of the canoj)y is one hundred and eighty feet 
three inches. 

The .Senate chamber is one hundred and twelve feet in length, by 
eighty-two feet in width, and thirty feet in height. Its galleries will 
accommodate one thousand persons. 

The hall of the House of Representatives is one hundred and thirty 
■feet in length, by ninety-three feet in width, and thirty feet in height. 

The Supreme'Court room was occupied by the Senate until 1859, the 
court occupying the room beneath, now used as a law library. 

The Library of Congress was burned by the British in 1814, and was 
partially destroyed by an accident in 1851. The present center hall was 
finished in 1853, and the wing halls in 1867. 



14 people's manual. 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 



CHAPTER II. 
PBESIDENT AHD VICE PKESIDENT. 



The President — His Term and Q,ualifications. 

1. The executive power of the Government is vested in a President of 
the United States of America, who holds his office during the term of 
four years. No person is eligible to the office of President except a 
native-born citizen of the United States, thirty-five years of age, and 
who has been thirteen years a resident in the United States immedi- 
ately preceding his election. Absence on account of the public service 
is considered the same as actual residence within the United States. 

Manner of Election. 

2. The President is elected by Presidential electors, chosen by the sev- 
eral States as the Legislatures thereof may direct. Each State is en- 
titled to as many electors as it has Senators and Representatives in Con- 
gress, and they are uniformly chosen by the voters of the States at 
large, each voter voting for as many candidates as there are electors to 
be chosen by the State, those receiving ^' - highest number of votes 
being elected. Electors are nominated and voted for in the same man- 
ner as State executive officers. Any citizen of a State who can vote for 
members of the Legislature can vote for Presidential electors. No 
Senator or Representative in Congress, or person holding an office of 
trust or profit under the United States, can be an elector. They are 
chosen on the Tuesday after the first Monday of November of every 
fourth year. 

Each State may provide by law for the filling of any vacancy in its 
college of electors when they meet to cast the electoral vote of the 
State. 

When any State has held an election to choose Presidential electors 
on the day appointed by law, and has failed to make a choice, they 
may be appointed on a subsequent day, in such manner as the Legisla- 
ture thereof may direct. 

The Governor of each State must cause three lists of the electors of 
the State to be made and certified, and delivered to them on or before 
the day on which they are to meet. 

The electors shall meet at the capitols of their respective States on the 
first Wednesday of December next succeeding their election, and vote 
by ballot for President and Vice President. Each elector shall vote for 
one person as President and one person as Vice President, one of whom, 
at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. 
They shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and 
in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice President ; and they shall 
make three separate lists of all persons voted for as President, and all 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 15 

pfersons voted for as Vice President, and of the number of votes for each ; 
which lists tliey shall sign and certify, and dispose of as follows : The 
first they shall place in the hands of a person to be appointed in writing 
bj^ them, to be delivered by him to the President of the Senate of the 
United States, at the seat of government, on or before the first Wednes- 
day of January then next ensuing. The second they shall forward, by 
mail, at once to the President of the Senate, at the seat of government. 
The third they shall cause forthwith to be delivered to the judge of the 
District Court of the United States for the district ia which the electors 
are assembled. 

In case there is any State from which a certificate of electoral votes 
has not been received at the seat of government on the first Wednesday 
of January, the Secretary of State shall notify the proper district j udge, 
who shall forthwith transmit the list which had been delivered to him. 

Congress must be in session on the second Wednesday of February 
succeeding every meeting of the electors, and on that day the two Houses 
meet in the hall of the House of Representatives, and are presided over 
by their respective presiding officers. All the certificates received from 
the electors of the several States are then opened by the President of 
the Senate, and the electoral votes are counted in the presence and under 
the direction of both Houses in accordance with the joint rules adopted 
by them. The person receiving a majority of all the electoral votes cast 
shall be declared President, to serve for four years from the 4th of March 
then next ensuing. 

If no person have a majority of all the electoral votes cast as thus de- 
clared, then from the three having the highest number of such votes for 
President, the House of Representatives shall choose a President by bal- 
lot immediately. In thus choosing a President, the votes shall be taken 
by States. A quorum for this purpose consists of a member or mem- 
bers from two thirds of the States. "The vote of each State is determined 
by a majority of its representatives present. A majority only of the 
States voting is necessary to a choice. If the House of Representatives 
fail to elect a President before the 4th day of March next ensuing, 
when the right of choice devolves on them, then the Vice President be- 
comes President, as in the case pf death orother constitutional disability. 
The Territories and the District of Columbia elect no Presidential elec- 
tors. • ••• otw . 

Oath, Power,- Duties, and Compensation of the President. 

3. It is his first and highest duty to see that the Constitution and the 
laws enacted by Congress, in pursuance thereof, are obeyed and faith- 
fully carried out. To this end he has many and large powers, and has 
the appointment of many officers to assist him. Before entering on the 
execution of his high and responsible office, he takes the following oath 
or affirmation, usually administered by the chief justice or one of the 
judges of the Supreme Court : 

♦' I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the of- 
fice of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, 
preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." 

He is commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, 
and of the militia of the several States when called into the actual ser- 
vice of the United States. 

He has power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make 
treaties, two thirds of the Senators present concurring ; he nominates, 
and, with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoints all ambassadors, 
and other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, 
and all other federal judges, and all other officers of the United States, 
whether civil, military, or otherwise, whose appointments are not other- 
wise provided for by "the Constitution. He fills all vacancies that may 
happen in offices to which he may appoint, during the recess of the 
Senate, by granting commissions to expire at the end of their next ses- 
sion. He commissions all officers of the United States. 



16 people's MANUAIic 

He must, from time to time, give to Congress information of the stale 
of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as 
he deems necessary and expedient. These communications are called 
the President's messages. He sends one such message to Congress at 
the opening of each session, and sometimes on special occasions of great 
importance. He may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses 
of Congress, or either of them ; and in case of disagreement between 
them as to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time 
as he thinks proper, not later than the date fixed by law for their next 
meeting. He receives all ambassadors and other public ministers. 

He appoints in his official household the following officers : One pri- 
vate secretary, at a salary of |3,500 a year; one assistant secretary, who 
must be a short-hand writer, at $2,500 ; two executive clerks, at |2,300 ; 
one steward of the President's household, at $2,000 ; one messenger, at 
11,200. The steward has custody of, and is responsible for, the plate, 
furniture, and other property in the President's mansion, and must give 
a bond to the United States for the faithful discharge of his trust, in such 
sum as the Secretary of the Interior may deem sufficient, to be approved 
by that officer. 

The Vice President. 

4. There is elected at the same time, and in the same manner as the 
President, one person to serve as Vice President, who must have the 
same qualifications as the President. If no person receives a majority 
of the electoral votes cast for Vice President, as declared by the joint 
meeting of the two Houses of Congress for counting the same, then from 
the tv/o persons receiving the highest number of votes for tliat office, 
the Senate shall choose the Vice President. A quorum for that purpose 
is two thirds of all the Senators, and a majority of the whole number is 
necessary to elect. 

The Vice President is President of the Senate, but shall have no vote 
unless the Senators be equally divided, when he shall have the deciding 
vote. 

In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, 
resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the office, 
it shall devolve upon the Vice President. • 

In Case of the Death, &c., ot the President and Vice President, 

who to act as President, 

5. In case of the removal, death, resignation, or inability of both the 
President and Vice President, the President of the Senate, or, if there 
is none, then the Speaker of ttie House of Representatives, for the time 
being, shall act as President until the disability is removed, or a Presi- 
dent is elected. 

Whenever the offices of President and Vice President both become 
vacant, the Secretary of State at once causes notice thereof to be given 
to the Governor of every State, and to be published in one or more news- 
papers in each State. This notice shall specify that electors of a Presi- 
dent and Vice President shall be chosen in the several States as follows : 

First. If there be two months yet to intervene between the date of 
the notice and the first Wednesday of December next ensuing, then the 
notice will specify that the electors shall be chosen within thirty-four 
days preceding such first Wednesday of December. 

Second. If there be not two months yet to intervene between the date 
of the notice and such first Wednesday in December, and if the term to 
be filled will not expire on the third day of March next ensuing, the 
notice shall specify that the electors shall be chosen within thirty-four 
days preceding the first Wednesday of December in the next year. 

If there be not two months between the date of the notice and sucti 
first Wednesday of December, and if the term to be filled will expire 



EXECUTIVE r)EPARTMENT. 17 

on the third day of March next ensuing, tlieu the notice will state that 
no electors are to be chosen. 

The electors chosen in pursuance ot such notice given, must meet 
and cast their votes on the first Wednesday of December succeeding 
their electioi>; and all regulations and provisions of the Constitution 
and laws, relating to the election ol President and Vice President for a 
full term, shall apply to an election to fill vacancies, on notice given by 
the Secretary of State. 

Salary of President aud Vice President. 

6. The salary of the President is fifty thousand dollars a year, and that 
of the Vice President eight thousand dollars a year, payable monthly ; 
and they shall not receive, during that time, any other emolument or 
compensation from the United States or any State. 

Officers and Employees in Executive Office. 

7. Private secretary, $3,250 ; assistant secretary, $2,250 ; two executive 
clerks, §2,000 each ; two clerks, $1,800 each ; one $1,600 ; one $1,400 ; one 
$1,200; telegraph operator, $1,400 ; steward, $1,800 ; clerk. $1,600; usher, 
$1,400 ; five messengers. $1,200 ; three doorkeepers, $1,200 ; watchman, 
$900; furnace keeper, $864. 



18 people's manual. 



CHAPTER III. 

PEOVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ALL THE EXECUTIVE 

DEPARTMENTS. 



1. There are seven separate and distinct executive ofSces in the " Ex- 
ecutive Department" of the Government, each one presided over and 
directed by an officer appointed by the President of the United States, 
and contirmed by the Senate. These officers constitute the President's 
cabinet, and are his immediate constitutional advisers in all govern- 
mental affairs. They are a Secretary of State, Secretary of War, Secre- 
tary of the Treasury, Attorney General, Postmaster General, Secretary 
of the Navy, and Secretary of the Interior. Their several offices are 
designated "Executive Departments," and are known as the Depart- 
ment of State, Department of War, Department of the Treasury, De- 
partment of Justice, Post-office Department, Department of the Navy, 
and Department of the Interior. 

The head of each department may make regulations for its government, 
not inconsistent with law, controlling the conduct of its officers, clerks, 
and employes, the distribution and performance of its busijitss, and the 
custody, use, and preservation of its records, papers, and property. 

The clerks in tlie departments are divided into four clas^ses, distin- 
tinguislied as the first, second, third, and fourth classes. No person is 
permitted to be appointed in any of these classes until he has passed a 
satisfactory examination in the manner prescribed by law. Women 
may be appointed to any class of clerkships, on the same conditions as 
men, and with the same compensation. 

Each head of a department may alter the distribution of clerks among 
the bureaus and offices of his department, as he deems proper from time 
to time ; and he has authority to employ sucli number of clerks of the 
several classes recognized bylaw, and such other employes, at such rates 
of compensation, respectively, as may be appropriated for by Congress 
from year to year. The regulations are very strict witli reference to 
employing extra clerks and paying extra compensation, as well as em- 
ploying extra laborers. 

The chief clerk in each department must see that the duties of the 
other clerks are equally distributed, revising the same from time to 
time and he must report monthly to his chief any defect he may ob- 
serve in the arrangement or dispatch of work, so that any defect or 
want of system may be remedied. Each chief of a bureau, or subdivi- 
sion, shall supervise, under his immediate superior, the labors of the 
other clerks therein, and see that they are faithfully performed. 

There is in each department a "disbursing clerk, "selected from those 
of the fourth class, whose duty it is to receive and disburse all the 
money appropriated by Congress lor the payment of the salaries of the 
officers, clerks, and employes, and the incidental expenses thereof. 
He must give bond to the United States in such sum as the Secretary of 
the Treasury shall direct, with sureties to be approved by the solicitor 
of the Treasury. Each disbursing clerk receives an annual salary of 
two thousand dollars. 

2. The annual salaries of clerks and other employes in the several de- 
partments are as follows : Clerks of the fourth class, $1,800 ; clerks of 
the third class, $1,600; clerks of the second class, $1,400 ; clerks of the 
first class, $1,200; women employed in clerical duties subordinate to 
those assigned to clerks of the first class, such as copyists, counters, 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 19 



(kc, or when temporarily employed as clerks, $900 ; messengers, 
assistant messengers, laborers, and watchmen, $720. 

3. The head of each department must make an annual report to Con- 
gress, giving a detailed statement of all receipts and expenditures on 
account of the contingent fund of his department and its various 
bureaus and offices ; and for this purpose must require from the dis- 
bursing officer thereof a full and detailed statement of ail moneys paid 
by them during the preceding year. They must also report annually 
the names of all emploj-es in their department, the tijxie employed, 
amount paid each, and whether the force can be reduced. 

The head of each department must cause to be filed in the Depart- 
ment of the Interior, as soon as practicable after the last day of Septem- 
ber in each j^ear in which a new Congress is to assemble, a complete 
list of all officers, agents, clerks, and employes therein, and the statis- 
tics peculiar to his department, to enable the Secretary of the Interior 
to i^repare the Biennial Register. 

4. The salary of each head of an executive department, who is a Cabi- 
net officer, is $8,000 a year. 

The Civil Service Commission. 

5. In January, 1883, an act of Congress was passed, entitled "An act 
to regulate and improve the civil service of the United States." It pro- 
vides for the appointment of three commissioners by the President, to 
be confirmed by the Senate, not more than two of them to be selected 
from the same political party. They constitute the United States Civil 
Service Commission, andean hold no other office or appointment under 
the Government. They are liable to removal at any time by the Presi- 
dent. They receive an annual salary of $3,500. 

6. The commission has a chief examiner, a stenographer, and a mes- 
senger appointed by themselves, and a secretary appointed by the Presi- 
dent. The chief examiner receives an annual salary of $3,000, the secre- 
tary and stenographer $1,600 each, and the messenger $600. 

7. It is the duty of the commission to aid the President, as he may 
direct, in preparing suitable rules for carrying the civil service law into 
etfect ; to see that such rules are obeyed and enforced, and to direct, 
superintend, and control all examinations held under the law and the 
rules made in pursuance of it. To this end they have authority to 
make such regulations as they may deem necessary for carrjnng into 
effect the act and the rules made by the President. They must see that 
their secretary keeps a correct and full account of all their official pro- 
ceedings. Tliey are required to make an annual report to the President, 
to be transmitted by him to Congress, 

The commissioners appoint boards of examiners to examine all ap- 
plicants for appointment under the civil service law. These boards are 
selected from the most competent and experienced clerks and employes 
In the several executive departments at Washington, and the several 
customs districts and post-offices throughout the country, where exami- 
nations are held. The board of examiners for the several departments 
at Washington consists of ten persons —two from the Treasury Dejjart- 
ment, two from the Post-office Department, two from the Interior De- 
partment, and one from each of the other departments. Besides this 
board for all the departments, there is one of five special examiners for 
the patent office, one of three special examiners for the State Depart- 
ment, and one of three special examiners for the pension office. In 
some of the custom districts, the boards consist of five members, and in 
others of three, according to the number of clerks and employes therein. 
The boards at the several post-offices consist of three members each. 

8. There are three branches of the public service to which the civil 
service law applies : The departmental service at Washington ; the cus- 
toms service throughout the country ; and the postal service throughout 
the country. The clerks and employes in each of the departments at 



20 people's manual. 

Washington are divided into several grades, as are also those in the sev- 
eral customs districts and post-offices. All examinations and recom- 
mendations for appointmients and promotions are made with reference 
to these grades. 

The law only applies to customs districts and post-offices where the 
number of clerks and employes therein, liable to examination, amounts 
to fifty or more. When the number employed is less than fifty, ap- 
pointments are made without any examination. 

9. The following classes of appointees are not liable to examination : 
1. The confidential clerk or secretary of the. head of any department or 
office. 2. Cashiers of collectors of customs duties. 3. Cashiers of post- 
masters. 4. Superintendents of money-order divisions in post-offices. 
5. The direct custodians of money for v>rhose fidelity another officer is 
under official bond ; but this exception shall not extend to any official 
below the grade of assistant cashier or teller. 6. Persons employed ex- 
clusively in the secret service of the Government, or as translator or 
stenographer. 7. Persons whose employment is exc] usively professional. 
8. Chief clerks, deputy collectors, and superintendents, or chiefs of di- 
visions or bureaus. 9. Workmen and laborers. 10. Officers appointed 
by the President and confirmed by the Senate. 

10. Persons desiring to be examined for appointment must make ap- 
plication in regular form, on blanks furnished by the commission, and 
must furnish satisfactory evidence as to good character, etc. Those de- 
siring appointments in any of the Executive departments must direct 
their applications to the " U". S. Civil Service Commission, Washington, 
D. C" Those desiring to enter the postal service must direct their ap- 
pJications to the postmaster under whom the appointment is desired; 
and those wishing to enter the customs service, to the customs officer 
under whom the appointment is sought. 

11. The examinations are very practical, have special reference to the 
character of the employment sought, and are limited to the following 
subjects: 1. Orthography, penmanship, and copying. 2. Arithmetic, 
including the fundamental rules, fractions, and percentage. 3. Interest, 
discount, and elements of book-keeping and accounts. 4. Elements of 
the English language, letter writing, and ;the proper construction of 
sentences. 5. Elements of the geography, history, and government of 
the United States. Examiners may use their discretion in omitting a 
part of the subjects, according to the branch of service the applicant 
desires to enter, or the grade of classification to which he seeks appoint- 
ment or promotion. 

12. Females are eligible equally with males. No one can be examined 
for appointment who is under fourteen or over forty-five years of age, 
except persons honorably discharged from the military or naval service, 
to whom the limitation as to age does not apply. 

13. All persons who pass the examinations and conae up to the re- 
quired standard of qualifications are not necessarily appointed, but the 
appointments are made from those who are certified by the examiners 
as competent. Physical qualifications are regarded as well as educa- 
tional fitness. 

No one can be certified for appointment "whose standing, upon a 
just grading in the general examination, shall be less than sixty- five 
per cent, of complete proficiency in the first three subjects." 

In case of a vacancy occurring at any time to which persons thus ex- 
amined are to be appointed, on application of the appointing officer, the 
commission certifies to him four names, taken from those standing 
highest on the register of those examined for that branch of the service, 
and from these he makes the appointment. All appointments are 
made for a probationary period of six months, at the end of which time, 
if the appointee's fitness and conduct are satisfactory, he is appointed 
absolutely ; otherwise he is dismissed. The law requires that the ap- 
pointments shall be apportioned among the States and Territories ac- 
cording to their population. 



EXEcuTI^^s department. 21 

14. The examinations are held in different localities, as New York, 
Boston, Philadeli^bia, Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Chicago, etc., so as to ac- 
commodate those to be examined. These examinations are not con- 
ducted by the commissioners, but one of them, or the chief examiner, 
is usually present. The actual work is done by the local boards. 

We might present many more details of the subject, and they would, 
doubtless, be interesting; but what we have given presents a correct 
view of the practical working of the commission, and is all we have 
room for. According to the report of the commission made in Febru- 
ary, 1884, about fourteen thousand appointments in the several branches 
of the Government service are subject to examinations made under the 
civil service rules. This number will, of course, increase from year to 
year. 



22 PEOPLlf'S MANUAL. 



CHAPTER IV. 
THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE. 



1. The head of this department is the Secretary of State, the first in 
rank among the Cabinet officers. He is charged, under the direction of 
the President, with the duties relating to correspondence with the public 
ministers and consuls of the United States, and the represen tatives of 
all governments accredited to the United States. He is the medium of 
correspondence between the President and the Governors of the sev- 
eral States ; has charge of the great seal of the United States, and coun- 
tersigns and affixes such seal to all executive proclamations, to various 
commissions, and to warrants for pardon, and the extradition of fugi- 
tives from justice. He is the custodian of all treaties made with foreign 
States, and of the laws of the United States. He grants and issues pass- 
ports, and exequaturs to foreign consuls in the United States are issued 
through his office. He publishes the laws and resolutions passed by 
Congress, amendments to the Constitution, and all proclamations issued 
by the President. He is required to make certain annual reports to 
Congress relating to commercial information received from diplomatic 
and consular officers of the United States. 

2. Besides the Secretary of State, there is in this department an Assist- 
ant Secretary, Second Assistant Secretary, and Third Assistant Secretary. 
In the absence of the Secretary of State, the Assistant Secretary be- 
comes acting Secretary. Under the organization of the department, these 
three officers are respectively charged with the immediate supervision 
of all correspondence with the diplomatic and consular officers of the 
United States in the countries named in divisions A, B, and C of those 
bureaus, and of the miscellaneous correspondence relating thereto. They 
are intrusted with the preparation of the correspondence upon any ques- 
tion arising in the course of the public business that may be assigned 
them by the Secretary. 

The Chief Clerk of the department has the general supervision of the 
clerks and employes and clerical work and business therein. 

3. There are four bureaus in the department, as follows : Bureau of 
Indexes and Archives, Diplomatic Bureau, Consular Bureau, and Bureau 
of Accounts. To the 

Bureau of Indexes and Archives 

belongs the duty of opening the mails ; preparing, registering, and in- 
dexing daily all correspondence to and from the department, both by 
subjects and persons; the preservation of the archives, and answering 
calls of the Secretary, Assistant Secretaries, Chief Clerk, and Chiefs of 
Bureaus for correspondence, &c. The 

Diplomatic Hureau 

has charge of diplomatic correspondence and miscellaneous correspond- 
ence relating thereto. It has three divisions, A, B, and C. Each of 
these divisions is charged with the correspondence relating to certain 
governments. The 

Consular Bureau 

has charge of the correspondence with consulates and miscellaneous cor- 
respondence relating thereto. It has three divisions, A, B, and C, to 
each of which certain countries are assigned. The 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 23 



Bureau of Accounts 



is charged with the custody and disbursement of the appropriations 
under Uie direction of the department; has the custodj^ of indemnity 
bonds, and the care of the building and property of tlie department. 
Tliis bureau not only disburses the moneys appropriated by Congress 
for the paj^ of tlie officers, clerks, employes, and incidental expenses of 
the department, but for all the expenses connected with the diplonaatic 
and consular service of the government. The office of the 

Rolls and liibrary 

has custody of the rolls, treaties, &c.; promulgation of the laws, &c.; 
care and superintendence of the library and public documents ; care of 
the Revolutionary archives, and papers relating to international commis- 
sions. The office of 

i Statistics 

has charge of the reports upon commercial relations. The 

Examiner of Claims 

(from the Department of Justice) has charge of the examination of 
questions of law and other matters submitted by the Secretary or Assist- 
ant Secretary, and of all claims. 

Salaries. 

4. Assistant Secretary of State, $4,500 ; Second and Third Assistant, 
§3,500; chief clerk, $2,750; Chiefs of Bureaus, $2,100; translator, $2,100. 

Foreign liegations at Washington. 

5. The following foreign powers have envoys extraordinary and min- 
isters plenipotentiary accredited to the United States, resident at Wash- 
ington, each legation having from one to ten or more attaclies: Argen- 
tine Republic, Austria- Hungary, Belgium, Brazil, Chili, China, France, 
Guatemala, and Salvador, German Empire, Great Britain, Hiwaii, 
Hayti, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden and Nor- 
way, Switzerland, Turkey. 

The following have ministers resident : Denmark, Netherlands, Peru. 
Uruguay and Venezuela have each a charge d' affaires. 

6. The United States Government has envoys extraordinary and minis- 
ters plenipotentiary accredited to the following foreign governments: 
Austria-Hungary, IJrazil, Central American States, Chili, China, Corea, 
France, German Empire, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Peru, Rus- 
sia, Spain, Turkey. 

It has Ministers Resident accredited to the Argentine Republic, Bel- 
gium, Bolivia, Columbia, Denmark, Greece, Hiwaiian Islands, Hayti, 
Liberia, The Netherlands, Persia, Portugal, Roumania, Servia, Siani, 
Sweden and Norway, Switzerland, Venezuela. And chargg d'affaires 
accredited to Paraguay and Uraguay, and Santa Domingo. 

7. Tlie salaries of the envoys extraordinary and ministers plenipoten- 
tiary to France, Germany, Great Britain, and Russia, are $17,500 a year ; 
to Austria, Brazil, China, Italy, Japan, Mexico, and Spain, $12,000 ; to 
Central American States, Chili, and Peru, $10,000; to Turkey, $7,500; 
to Corea, $5.000 ; Ministers Resident to Argentine Republic, Belgium, 
Columbia, Hiwaiian Islands, Netherlands, Sweden and Norway, and 
Venezuela, ?57,500 ; Ministers Resident and Consuls General to Bolivia, 
Denmark, Hayti, Liberia, Persia, Portugal, Siam, and Switzerland, 
$5,000. Many consuls are paid by fees ; the salaries of others range from 
$1,000 to $6,000. . . 



24 people's manual. 



CHAPTER V. 
THE WAR DEPARTMENT. 



1. The Secretary of War, who is the head of this department, performs 
such duties as may be enjoined on him by the President (who is com- 
mander-in-chief) relative to military commissions, the military forces, 
the warlike stores, and other matters respecting military affairs. He 
conducts the business of the department as directed by the President. 
He has the custody of the books, records, rolls, and papers of the de-* 
partment. The transportation of troops, munitions of war, equipments, 
military property and stores, is under his immediate control, and he 
superintends the purchase and distribution of all army supplies. He 
provides for taking meteorological observations at the several military 
stations in the States and Territories, and for giving notice on the north- 
ern lakes and sea-coast, by telegraph and marine signals, of the approach 
of storms. He has, through the chief signal officer of the army, general 
supervision of the signal service. 

He makes an annual report to Congress, relative to the appropriations 
for his department; contracts for supplies and contingent expenses ; 
and concerning examinations and surveys of rivers and harbors. And 
he lays before Congress in February of each year an abstract of the re- 
turns of the adjutants general of the several States, of the militia 
thereof. 

2. The chief clerk receives the official mail and correspondence of the 
department, and distributes, records, and answers it; keeps the ac- 
counts of appropriations and estimates ; is the medium of communica- 
tion between the Secretary and the various officers of the department, 
and has, under the Secretary, the general superintendence of the de- 
partment and the clerical work therein. 

3. There are ten bureaus in the department, each under the direction 
of an officer of the regular army of the United States, and forming a part 
of the regular military establishment. These bureaus, with their special 
duties, are as follows : 

4. The Adjutant General promulgates the orders of the President 
and lieutenant general commanding the army, conducts correspondence 
between the lieutenant general and the army, receives reports from 
officers of the army, issues commissions to officers and receives their 
resignations, superintends recruiting and the military prison at Leav- 
enworth, has charge of the records concerning the enlistment and draft- 
ing of volunteers, has charge of all muster-rolls, makes consolidated 
reports of the whole arniy, and has charge, under the lieutenant gen- 
eral, of the details relating to its discipline. 

5. The Inspector General, with his assistants, inspects and reports 
upon the person7iel and the material of the army, at all posts, stations, 
and depots, and gives instruction relative to the correct interpretation of 
doubtful points of law, regulations, and orders, and upon other mooted 
questions regarding the proper performance of military duties; they 
also inspect the money accounts of all disbursing officers of the army. 

6. The Qnartermaster General, aided by his assistants, provides 
quarters and transportation for the army, clothing, camp, and garrison 
equipage, horses and mules, forage, wagons, stores, stationery, fuel, 
lights, straw, hospitals, and medicines; pays the expenses of guides, 
spies, and interpreters, and veterinary surgeons; -pays the funeral ex- 
penses of officers and men, and has charge of all National cemeteries. 

7. The Commissary General has control of the subsistence department 
of the army, and disburses the appropriations made therefor ; the pro- 



EXI^OUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 25 

viding of rations and their issue to the army ; the purchase and distri- 
bution of articles to be kept for sale to officers and enlisted men ; and 
the examination and adjustment of accounts and returns for subsistence 
funds and supplies, preliminary to their settlement by the accounting 
otiicei'S of the TreasurJ^ 

8. Tlie Surgeon General, under the immediate direction of the Secre- 
tary of War, is charged ■with the administrative duties of the medical 
department of the army ; he designates the stations of medical officers, 
and issues all orders and instructions relating to their professional 
duties. He has charge of the selection, purchase, and distribution of 
the medical supplies of the army. The army medical museum and 
the official publications of the Surgeon General's office are under his 
direct control. 

9. The Paymaster General and his assistants pay the army, includ- 
ing the officers and enlisted men, and also all "certificates issued by the 
Second Auditor of the Treasury, keeping accounts and records thereof. 

10. The Chief of Engineers commands the corps of engineers, a part 
of the regular army establishment, and which is charged with all engi- 
neering duties relating to fortifications, either permanent or temporary ; 
with torpedoes for coast defense ; with all works for attack and defense 
of places; with all military bridges, and with such surveys as may be 
required ibr these objects, or the movement of armies in the field. It 
is also charged with harbor and river improvements ; with military and 
geographical explorations and surveys; with the survey of the lakes, 
and with any other engineer work specially assigned to the corps by 
act of Congress or orders of the President. 

11. The Chief of Ordna'>ice has charge of the ordnance department, 
which provides, preserves, distriljutes, and accounts for every descrip- 
tion of artillery, small arms, and all the munitions of war required for 
the fortresses of the country, the armies in the field, and for the militia 
of the Union. This duty comprises that of determining the general 
principles of construction and prescribing in detail the models and 
forms of all military weapons em|jloyed in war. Also the duty of pre- 
scribing regulations for the proof and inspection of all those weapons, 
for maintaining uniformity and economy in their construction, for in- 
suring their good quality, and for their distribution and preservation. 
For carrying into effect these general purposes, large appropriations 
are made annually, and extensive operations are conducted at the 
National armories, arsenals, and ordnance depots. 

12. The Judge- Advocate General and his assistants receive, review, 
and have recorded the proceedings of all courts-martial, courts of in- 
quiry, and military commissions of the army, and furnish reports and 
opinions on such questiims of law and other matters as may be referred 
to the bureau of military justice by the Secretary of War. 

The Chief Signal Office has charge of the instruction of officers and 
men in signal duties, supervises the preparation of maps and charts 
connected therewith, and has the reports from the numerous stations 
consolidated and published. 

13. The chief clerk in the War Department receives an annual salary 
of $2,750, and the chief clerk in each of the military bureaus receives 
$2,000 a year. The chiefs of the several bureaus receive pay according 
to their rank and standing in the regular army. 

14. The Regular Army — Its Composition, &c. — The regular army com- 
prises one lieutenant general, three major generals, six brigadier gen- 
erals, five regiments of artillery, ten regiments of cavalry, twenty-five 
regiments of infantry, an adjutant general's department, an inspector 
general's department, a quartermaster's department, a subsistence 
department, a corps of engineers, a battalion of engineer soldiers, an 
ordnance department, the enlisted men of the ordnance department, 
the medical department, the hospital stewards of the medical depart- 
ment, a pay department, a chief signal officer, a bureau of military 
justice, eight judge- ad voca;;es, thirty post chaplains, four regimental 



26 people's manual. 

chaplains, an ordnance sergeant and a hospital steward for each mili- 
tary post, one band stationed at the n:iilitary academy at West Point, a 
force of Indian scouts not exceeding one thousand, the officers of the 
army on the retired list. 

15. Each regiment of artillery consists of twelve batteries, and has 
one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, one major for every four batteries, 
one adjutant, one quartermaster and commissary, one sergeant major, 
one quartermaster sergeant, one chief musician, and two principal musi- 
cians. The adjutant and quartermaster and commissary have the rank 
of first or second lieutenants. 

Each battery of artillery consists of one captain, one first lieutenant, 
one second lieutenant, one first sergeant, one quartermaster sergeant, 
four sergeants, four corporals, two musicians, two artificers, one wagoner, 
and not more than one hundred and twenty-two jjrivates, A first and 
second lieutenant, two sergeants, and four corporals may be added, at 
tlie discretion of the President. 

16. Each regiment of cavalry consists of twelve troops, one colonel, 
one lieutenant colonel, three majors, one adjutant, one quartermaster, 
one veterinary surgeon, one sergeant major, one quartermaster sergeant, 
one saddler sergeant, one cliief musician, one chief trumpeter. The 
adjutant and quartermaster have the rank of first or second lieutenant. 
The enlisted men of two of tlie cavalry regiments are colored. 

Each troop of cavalry consists of one captain, one first lieutenant, one 
second lieutenant, one first sergeant, one quartermaster sergeant, five 
sergeants, four corporals, two trumpeters, two farriers, one saddler, one 
wagoner, and not more than seventy-eiglit privates. 

17. Each infantry regiment consists of ten companies, one colonel, one 
lieutenant colonel, one major, one adjutant, one quartermaster, one ser- 
geant major, one quartermaster sergeant, one chief musician, and two 
principal musicians. The enlisted men of two regiments of infantry 
are colored. 

Each company of infantry consists of one captain, one first lieutenant, 
one second lieutenant, one first sergeant, one quartermaster sergeant, 
four sergeants, four corporals, two artificers, two musicians, one wag- 
oner, and not more than one hundred privates. 

18. The enlisted men in the army cannot exceed thirty thousand at 
one time. The term of enlistment is five years. Chaplains have the 
rank of captain of infantry, and are on tlie same footing as other officers 
as to tenure of office, retirement, and pensions. 

19. The adjutant general's department consists of one adjutant gen- 
eral, with the rank of brigadier general ; two assistant adjutants general, 
with the rank of colonel of cavalry ; four with rank of lieutenant colonel 
of cavalry ; and thirteen with the rank of captain of cavalry. 

20. The quartermaster's department consists of one quarterinaster 
general, with the rank of brigadier general ; six assistant quartermasters 
general, with the rank of colonel of cavalry ; ten deputy quartermasters 
general, with the rank of lieutenant colonel of cavalry ; twelve quarter- 
masters, with the rank of major of cavalry ; and thirty assistant quarter- 
masters, with the rank of captain of cavalry. 

21. The subsistence department -consists of one commissary general 
of subsistence, with the rank of brigadier general ; two assistant commis- 
saries general, with the rank of colonel of cavalry; two with the rank 
of lieutenant colonel of cavalry ; eight commissaries of subsistence, with 
the rank of major of cavalry; and sixteen with the rank of captain of 
cavalry. 

22. The corps of engineers consists of one chief of engineers, with the 
ranlc of brigadier general ; six colonels, twelve lieutenant colonels, 
twenty-four majors, thirty captains, twenty-six first lieutenants, and ten 
second lieutenants. 

The battalion of engineers consists of five companies, each company 
having ten sergeants, ten corporals, two musicians, and not exceeding 
one hundred and twenty-eight privates. 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 27 

23. The ordnance department consists of one chief of ordnance, with 
the rank of brigadier general; three colonels, four lieutenant colonels; 
ten majors; twenty captains ; sixteen first lieutenants, and ten second 
lieutenants. 

24. The medical department consists of one surgeon general, with the 
rank of brigadier general; one assistant surgeon general, with the rank of 
colonel of cavalrj^ ; one chief medical purveyor and four assistants, with 
the rank of lieutenant colonel of cavalr3'^ ; sixty surgeons, with the rank 
of major; one hundred and fifty assistants, with the rank of lieutenant 
of cavalry for the first three years of service, and rank of captain of cav- 
alry thereafter ; and five medical store-keepers, with the rank of captain 
of cavalry. 

25. The pay department consists of one paymaster general, with the 
rank of brigadier general ; two assistant paymasters general, with the 
rank of colonel of cavalrj^ two deputy paymasters general, with the 
rank of lieutenant colonel of cavalry; and sixty paymasters, with the 
rank of major of cavalry. 

26. The chief signal ofiicer has the rank of colonel of cavalry. 

27. The bureau of military justice consists of one judge advocate gen- 
eral, with the rank of brigadier general, and one assistant, with the 
rank of colonel of cavalry. Besides these there are eight judge advo- 
cates, ^Wth the rank of major of cavalry. 

28. Promotions in the line of the army are made through the whole 
army, in its several lines of artillery, cavalry, and infantry respectively. 
Promotions in the staff are made in the several departments and corps 
respectively. 

29. Brevet commissions may be given by the President for distin- 
guished services in i:)resence of the enemy ; but no brevet rank entitles 
an officer to any additional pay or to precedence or command except 
when assigned to duty according to his brevet rank bj^ the President. 

30. All appointments in the army, aside from graduates from the mili- 
tary academy and regular promotions, are made by the President and 
confirmed by the Senate. 

Pay of Officers and Enlisted Men. 

31. The yearly pay of commissioned officers of the army is as follows : 
Lieutenant general, $11,000; major general, $7,500; brigadier general, 
$5,500 ; colonel, $3,500 ; lieutenant colonel, $3,000 ; major, $2,500 ; cap- 
tain, mounted, $2,000; captain, not mounted, $1,800; adjutant, $1,800; 
regimental quartermaster, $1,800 ; first lieutenant, mounted, $1,600 , first 
lieutenant, not mounted, $1,500 ; second lieutenant, mounted, $1,500 ; 
second lieutenant, not mounted, $1,400 ; chaplain, $1,500 ; aid to major 
general, $200 in addition to pay of his rank ; aid to brigadier general, 
$150 in addition to pay of his rank ; acting assistant commissary, $100 in 
addition to paj'' of his rank ; store-keeper, $2,000. 

32. All commissioned officers below the rank of brigadier general are 
allowed ten per cent, of their current yearly pay additional for every five 
years of service. But such increase shall never exceed forty per cent., 
and the pay of a colonel shall never exceed $4,500, nor that of a lieuten- 
ant colonel, $4,000. 

33. Officers retired from active service receive seventy-five per cent, of 
the pay of the rank on which they retired, and one year's pay and allow- 
ance of the highest rank held by them. 

34. The monthly pay of enlisted men is as follows, in addition to rations 
and clothing: Chief trumpeter of cavalry, $22; principal musicians of 
artillery and mfantry, $22 ; saddler sergeants, $22 ; first sergeants, $22 ; 
sergeants, $17 ; corporals, $15 ; saddlers, $15 ; blacksmiths and farriers, 
$15; trumpeters, musicians, and privates, $13; hospital stewards, first 
class, $30; second class, $22 ; ordnance sergeants of posts, $34 ; sergeant 
majors and quartermaster sergeants of engineers, $36 ; sergeants of en- 
gineers and ordnance, $34 ; corporals of same, $20 ; privates of engineers, 
first class, $17 ; same, second class, $13. 



28 people's manual. 

In addition to this rate of pay, all enlisted men receive one dollar per 
month additional for their third year of service, two dollars for the fourth 
year, and three dollars for the fifth year, making in all three dollars per 
month increase for tlae fifth year. All enlisted men, who are honorably 
discharged and reenlist within one month thereafter, after five years' 
service, including the first enlistment, receive three dollars per month 
in addition to the ordinary pay allowed them. 

The leader of the military band at West Point receives $75 a month ; 
the chief musicians of regiments receive |60 a month, and the allow- 
ances of a quartermaster sergeant, 

35. Officers of tlie army who have served forty years consecutively as 
commissioned officers, on application, shall be placed on the retired list; 
those who have served thirty years consecutively, may, on application, 
be placed on the retired list, at the discretion of the President ; those 
who have served forty-five years consecutively, or are sixty-two years 
old, may be retired at the discretion of the President. Disabled officers 
may be retired from active service, or placed on the retired list, after 
examination by a retiring board, as provided by law. The whole num- 
ber of officers on the retired list can never exceed tliree hundred at any 
time. 

36. The Military Academy. — Theofflcersof the army are largely sup- 
plied from the graduates from the military academy at West Point, New 
York, which is sustained by tiie United States, by appropriations made 
by Congress from year to year. Here thorough and practical instruc- 
tion is given in everything pertaining to the science and practice of war, 
and in the several branches of learning necessary to the proper under- 
standing and use of the same. 

The President appoints one person from each Congressional district 
in the United States, one from the District of Columbia, one from each 
of the Territories, and ten persons at large, as cadets to the military 
academy, to serve eight years. Appointees must be between the ages 
of seventeen and twenty-two j^ears. Before being admitted to the acad- 
emy, they are examined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary 
of War, and besides being of good character, and having the necessary 
physical qualificaticms, must be well-versed in reading, writing, and 
arithmetic, and have a knowledge of the elements of English grammar, 
descriptive geography, particularly of the United States, and of the his- 
tory of the United States. And before their admission they must take 

the following oath or affirmation : "I, , do solemnly swear that 

I will support the Constitution of the United States, and bear true alle- 
giance to the National Government; that I will maintain and defend 
the sovereignty of the United States, paramount to any and all allegi- 
ance, sovereignty, or fealty I may owe to any State, county, or country 
whatsoever ; and that I will at all times obey the legal orders of my su- 
perior officers, and the rules and articles governing the armies of the 
United States." 

Cadets are usually selected by the Congressmen from the several dis- 
tricts, from those persons having the necessary qualifications, and must 
be actual residents of the districts for which they are appointed. Va- 
cancies occasioned by death, or otherwise, are filled in the same manner 
as original appointments. 

• Cadets receive $500 a year, and one ration a day, during their contin- 
uance at the military academy, and at their graduation are commissioned 
second lieutenants in one or other of the several lines of service in the 
army. 

During their continuance at the military academy, they are governed 
by the articles of war for the government of the armies of the United 
States, and may be dismissed by sentence of a court-martial for improper 
conduct. 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 29 



CHAPTER TI. 
THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 



Secretary ot tlie Treasury. 

1. The Secretary of the Treasury has charge of the^ national finances 
He considers and prepares plans for the improvement and manage- 
ment of tiie revenue and support of the public credit; superintends 
the collection of the revenue, and prescribes the forn:i of keeping and 
rendering all public accounts, and making returns; grants all warrants 
for money to be issued from the Treasury in pursuance of appropria- 
tions made by Congress, and audits and settles all public accounts ; 
makes report and gives information to either branch of Congress, as 
may be required, respecting all matters referred to him by the Senate 
or House, and generally performs all duties relative to the finances as 
directed by law. He controls the erection of public buildings, the 
coinage and printing of money, the collection of commercial statistics, 
the marine hospital, the revenue-cutter service, and the life-saving ser- 
vice. Under his superintendence, the Light House Board discharge the 
duties relative to the construction, illumination, inspection, and super- 
intendence of light-houses, light-vessels, beacons, buoys, sea-marks, 
and their appendages. He makes provision for the payment of the 
public debt, under laws passed by Congress, publishes statements con- 
cerning it, and at the commencement of each session of Congress sub- 
mits estimates of the probable receipts, and necessary expenses, for 
the ensuing year. 

2. The routine work of the secretary's office is transacted in nine offices, 
or divisions, as follows : Division of appointments ; of warrants ; of esti- 
mates and appropriations; of public moneys ; of customs ; of internal 
revenue and navigation ; of loans and currency ; of revenue marine ; of 
stationery, printing, and blanks ; of special agents. The designations 
of these divisions indicate the class of work assigned to each. 

3. The Treasury Department has the supervision of all officers con- 
nected with the collection of customs duties throughout the United 
States, and of all laws and regulations relating thereto. These duties 
are collected on imports and exports, at the several ports throughout 
the Union, by officers appointed for that purpose. The principal of 
these officers are denominated collectors, deputy collectors, surveyors, 
and naval officers. In New York, Boston, and other principal ports, 
the collection of duties is a very important matter, and large numbers 
of persons are employed in the customs service. The principal officers 
are appointed by the President and the subordinate officers and clerks 
are appointed by these, after a careful and rigid examination by the 
Board of Civil 'Service Commissioners, under rules and regulations 
made in pursuance of law. The internal revenue taxes are also assessed 
and collected under the direction of the Treasury Department. 

Assistant Secretaries op the Treasury. 

4. One of these has general supervision of all work assigned to the divi- 
sions of customs, special agents, revenue marine, internal revenue and 
navigation, of the offices of supervising architect, superintendent of 
life-saving service, supervising surgeon-general of the marine hospital 
service, bureau of statistics, and supervising-inspecting general of 
steamboats; he has also the signing of all letters and papers as assistant 



30 people's manual. 

secretary, or " by order of the secretary," relating to the business of 
these divisions, not requiring the signature of tlie Secretary of the 
Treasury. He discharges, in addition, such other duties as the secre- 
tary or the law may direct. 

5. The other assistant secretary has the general supervision of all the 
work assigned to the divisions of appointments, warrants, estimates, 
appropriations, public moneys, stationery, printing and blanks, loans 
and currency, bureau of engraving and printing, and office of director 
of the mint ; he also has the signing of ail letters and papers as assist- 
ant secretary, or "by order of the secretary," relating to the business 
of tliese divisions and bureaus, not requiring the signature of the Sec- 
retary of the Treasury. And he discharges such other duties as the 
secretary or the law may direct. 

6. The chief clerk supervises, under the immediate direction of the 
secretary and assistant secretaries, the clerks and employes and clerical 
work of the department. He has charge of the mails, the horses, wagons, 
carriages, &c., employed in the department ; the appropriations for con- 
tingent expenses ; the custody of the records and papers, and answers 
all calls for copies thereof; has charge of the official correspondence of 
the secretary's office, to see tliat it is in correct official form, and sees 
that the general regulations of the department are enforced. 

First Comptroller. 

7. The First Comptroller countersigns all warrants issued by the Secre- 
tary of the Treasury covering the ijublic revenues into the treasury, and 
authorizing payments tlierefrom. All accounts examined by the first 
auditor, save those going to the Commissioner of Customs, those ex- 
amined by the tiith auditor, and accounts of registers and receivers of 
land offices examined by tiie Commissioner of the General Land Office, 
are reexamined in the first comptroller's office. Here also are examined 
and reported on the drafts for salaries and expenses of ministers and 
consuls abroad, and the requisitions for advances to marshals, internal 
revenue collectors, secretaries of tlie Territories, and other disbursing 
officers. Powers of attorney for the collection of drafts on the treasury 
are here examined, and many other duties performed relating to the 
adj ustment of claims against the United States. 

Second Comptroller. 

8. The Second Comptrollerexamines,revises, and certifies accounts from 
the second, third, and fourtii auditors against the United States, as fol- 
lows : For organizing volunteers, recruiting, pay of the army, special 
military accounts, army ordnance, the Indian service, army medical de- 
partment, contingent military expenses, bountj^ to soldiers, soldiers' 
home, and National Home for Disabled Volunteers; from the third au- 
ditor for disbursements by the quartermaster's department, subsistence 
department, engineer department, army pensions, property taken by 
military authority for the use of the arjny, and miscellaneous war claims; 
from the fourth auditor for disbursements for the marine corps, by navy 
paymasters for pay and rations, by paj^masters at the navy-yards, for 
navy pensions at foreign stations, and the financial agent at Liondon. 
These accounts are examined in divisions, devoted respectively to affairs 
of army payiuasters, armj'- quarterinasters, navy paymasters, and_ tlie 
marine corps, army pensions, miscellaneous claims, and Indian afiairs. 

Commissioner of Customs. 

9. The Commissioner of Customs has special charge of matters pertain- 
ing to the collection of customs duties. He revises and certifies the ac- 
counts of revenues collected from duties on imports and tonnage; of 
moneys received on account of the marine hospital fund ; fines, penal- 
ties, and forfeitures under the customs and navigation laws ; steamboat 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 31 

inspection; licenses to pilots, engineers, &c.; from miscellaneous sources 
connected Avith customs matters, accounts of importation, withdrawal, 
transportation, and exportation of goods under tlie warehouse system ; 
disbursements for the expenses of collecting the revenue from customs, 
revenue cutter service, construction and maintenance of lights, marine 
hospitals, debentures, excess of deposits for unascertained duties, re- 
fund of duties exacted in excess, life-saving service, construction of cus- 
tom-houses aud marine hosi)ital, light, fuel, water, etc., for custom- 
houses; he approves and has custody of the official bonds given by cus- 
toms officers, aud transmits their commissions, has charge of the oaths of 
office of persons connected witli the customs service, and prepares for 
the use of the law officers of the department the accounts of officers in 
arrears to the Governiuent through his office. 

His office is organized in four divisions, as follows : Division of cus- 
toms, of book-keepiug, of bond, aud miscellaneous division. 

First Auditor. 

10. There are six auditors in the Treasury Department to whom are 
referred the various accounts in favor of and against the Government 
for examination and settlement. Accounts are first examined by an 
auditor, and afterwards by one of the comptrollers of the treasury, or 
the Commissioner of Custoins, except those settled by the sixth auditor. 

11. The First Auditor receives all accounts accruing in the Treasury 
Department, (except such as arise under the internal revenue laws,) 
and after examining and certifying the balance, transmits them with 
the vouchers and certificates to Ihe first comptroller or to the commis- 
sioner of customs having respectively the revision thereof. His office 
has five divisions, to which are referred respectively the following ac- 
counts: 

12. Custoyn Division. — Receipts and expenditures of the customs ser- 
vice, including fines, emoluments, forfeititres, debentures, drawbacks, 
marine hospital service, revenue cutter service, &c. 

13. Judiciary Division. — Accounts for salaries of 'United States 
marshals, district attorneys, commissioners and clerks, rent of court- 
houses, support of prisons, ika. 

14. Public Debt Division. — Redemption of the public debt, including 
principal, premium, and interest, payment of interest, redemption of 
certificates of deposit, notes destroyed. 

15. Warehouse and Bond Divisiooi. — Accounts received from custom- 
Louses. 

16. Miscellaneous Division. — Accounts of mints and assay offices, 
Territories, coast survey, salaries, and incidental expenses of the legis- 
lative, executive, aud judicial departments of the Government; con- 
struction, repair, and preservation of public buildings ; Treasurer of the 
United States for general receipts and exi3enditures. 

Second Auditor. 

17. The Second Auditor examines and transfers to the second comp- 
troller all accounts relating to bounties, recruiting service, pay and 
clothing of the army, subsistence of officers, medical and hospital ac- 
counts, pay of private phj^sicians, exjieuses of the War Department, 
contingent disbursements of the army, aud Indian affairs. There are 
six divisions in the office, to which the accounts are referred respectively, 
as follows : 

18. Paymasters^ Division — Army paymasters' accounts, and accounts 
of payments to the Soldiers' Home, and the National Home for Disabled 
Volunteers. 

19. Miscellaneous Claims Division. — Accounts of the Ordnance and 
Medical Department of the army, contingent expenses, army medical 
museum and publications, regular and volunteer recruiting, freedmen's 
bounty and pay. 



32 people's manual. 

20. Indian Affairs Division. — Disbursements for the Indians, money- 
accounts and property returns of Indian agents, and claims for goods 
supplied and services rendered. 

21. Pay and Bounty Divisiooi. — Examination and adjustment of 
claims of soldiers and their heirs for pay and bounty. 

22. Investigation of Frauds Division. — Investigation of alleged cases 
of forgery, fraud, overpayments, unlawful withholding of money, &c., 
in payment of soldiers. 

23. Book-keepers^ Division. — Accounts of the numerous requisitions 
drawn by the Secretaries of War and Interior, are here examined and 
charged to the various ajipropriations. 

Third Auditor, 

24. The Third Auditor examines and transfers to the second comp 
troUer all accounts relating to the Quartermaster General's Department' 
engineer corps, (Commissary General's Department, lost horses, unpaid 
pensions, State war claims, and claims of States for organizing and put- 
ting in the field volunteers after 1861. The office has six divisions, to 
which these accounts are referred, as follows : 

25. Book-keepers^ Division. — Accounts of the numerous requisitions 
drawn by the Secretarj?- of War and Interior, examined and charged to 
the various appropriations. 

26. Quartertnaster^s Department. — Accounts of disbursements for 
barracks and quarters, hospitals, offices, stables, and transportation of 
supplies; purchase of clothing, camp, and garrison equipage, horses, 
feed, forage, straw, bedding, stationery ; payments to hired men and ex- 
tra duty men; hired escorts, expresses, interpreters, spies, and guides; 
veterenary surgeons and medicines for horses ; supplying posts with 
water ; all other authorized outlays connected with the movements of 
the army. 

27. Subsistence and- Engineer Division. — Accounts of all commis- 
saries in the army for the purchase and distribution of stores; officers 
of tlie engineer corps who disburse money for the military academjr, 
improvement of rivers and harbors, construction and preservation of 
fortifications, coast surveys, lake and river surveys, and construction and 
repairs of breakwaters. 

28. Army Pension Division. — Accounts relating to the payment of 
pensions by the various pension agents. An account is kept with each 
pension agent, charging him with all moneys advanced for the payment 
of pensions, under the proper bond and fiscal year. At the close of each 
month, the agent sends in his vouchers and abstracts, direct to this office, 
where a preliminary examination is made to see if the money has been 
properly accounted for. The receipt of the account is then acknowl- 
edged, and the account tiled for audit. Each voucher is subsequently 
examined, and the payment entered in the roll-book opposite the pen- 
sioner's name. The agent's account, when audited, is handed to the sec- 
ond comptroller for his revision, and a copy of the statement of errors, 
if any, sent to the pension agent for his information and explanation. 
After being revised by the second comptroller, it is returned to this 
office and tiled, where it permanently remains. 

29. iState, War, and Horse Claims. — Accountsof claims of the several 
States and Territories for expenses incurred in putting in the tieldtroops 
employed by the Government in suppressing the Rebellion; claims for 
the loss of horses and equipage by officers and enlisted men in the mili- 
tary service, and for horses, mules, &c. , lost while in the service by im- 
pressment or contract. 

30. Miscellaneous Claims Division. — Accounts for stores appropriated, 
purchase of vessels, railroad stock, horses, and other means of trans- 
portation ; occupation of real estate, court-martial fees, traveling fees, 
&c. ; compensation for vessels, cars, engines, &c., lost in the military 
service ; claims growing out of the Oregon and Washington war of 1855-56, 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 83 

and other Indian wars ; claims of various descriptions under special acts 
of Con!j;ress, and others not specialh^ assigned. 

31. Collection Z)iyi,sion.— Prepares accounts for suit against defaulting 
officers; answers calls for information from the tiles of the office; ex- 
amines claims for bounty land and pensions allowed to the soldiers of 
1812, and certifies them to the Commissioner of Pensions. 

Fourth Auditor. 

'62. The Fourth Auditor examines, adjusts, ana transmits to the sec- 
ond comptroller all accounts relating to the pay, expe«iditures, pensions, 
and prize money of the navy, and the accounts of the Navy Department. 
His office is organized in three divisions, to which these accounts are re- 
spectively referred, as follows : 

33. Record Prize Division. — Examines accounts for prize money, and 
prepares tabulated statements called for by Congress. 

34. Navy Agents' Division. — Accounts of navy agents for disburse- 
ments at the several navy-\^ards. 

35. Paymasters' Division. — Accounts of navy paymasters including 
mechanics' rolls. 

Fifth Auditor. 

36. The Fifth Auditor examines, adjusts, and transmits to the first 
comptroller the diplomatic and consular accounts, expenditures of the 
State Department, including all international commissions; accounts of 
the internal revenue, census, Smithsonian Institute, National Museum, 
and expenses of the Post-office Department. It has three divisions, to 
which the se%'eral accounts are referred, as follows : 

37. Diplomatic and Consular Division. — Accounts of all diplomatic 
missions abroad for salaries, contingencies, and loss by exchange; con- 
sular accounts for fees, salaries, loss b3^ exchange, contingent expenses, 
emoluments, salaries of interpreters and marshals, consular courts and 
prisons; relief and passage of American seamen; return of American 
seamen charged with crime ; rescuing shipwrecked American seamen ; 
estates of American citizens and seamen dying abroad ; accounts of the 
bankers of the United States at London ; awards of commissions, and 
expenses of international exhibitions ; commissions, boundarj^ surveys, 
&c. 

38. Internal Revenue Division. — Accounts of collectors of internal 
revenue, including salaries, contingent expenses, and conipensation of 
storekeepers. 

39. Miscellaneous Division. — All miscellaneous internal revenue ac- 
counts, including salaries, and expenses of agents, surveyors of distil- 
leries, fees and expenses of gangers, stamp agents' accounts, counsel 
fees, drawbacks, refunded taxes, redemption of stamps manufacture of 
paper and stamps, and salaries in the commissioner's office ; accounts of 
census office, Smithsonian Institute, and National Museum; contingent 
expenses of the Post-office Department, and sundry accounts of the 
Department of State, and patent office. 

Sixth Auditor. 

40. The Sixth Auditor settles all accounts relating to the postal service, 
and his action on these is final, unless an appeal is taken in twelve 
months to the first comptroller. He superintends the collection of all 
debts due tlie Post-office Department, and all peOalties imposed on post- 
masters and mail contractors ; directs suits and legal proceedings, civil 
and criminal, and enforces the payment of all moneys due the Post- 
office Department. There are eight divisions in his office, among which 
the work is divided as follows : 



34 people's MANUAIi. 

41. Collecting Division.— GoWQCtion of all balances due from post- 
masters, late postmasters, and contractors ; also payment of all balances 
due such persons, and the adjustment and final settlement of all postal 
accounts. 

42. Stating Division. —Here the general accounts of postmasters and 
late postmasters are fully stated and js.ept in charge. 

43. Examining Division. — Aiidits the quarterly accounts of all post- 
Offices. It has four sub-divisions -opening-room, stamping-rooms, ex- 
amining corps, and error-rooms. 

44. Money-Order Division.— Here accounts of money-orders paid and 
received are examined, assorted, checked, and filed, remittances regis- 
tered and checked, and errors corrected. 

45. Foreign Mail Division. — Has charge of postal accounts with for- 
eign governments and steamship companies for ocean transportation. 

46. Registering Division.— Receiver from the examining division the 
quarterly accounts of all post-offices, reexamines and registers them, so 
as to show at the end of each fiscal year the total receipts and expendi- 
tures of the mail service. 

47. Pay iJwxsion.— Examines all accounts for carrying the mails, rail- 
way postal service, railway postal clerks, route agents, local agents, 
mail depredations, special agents, free-delivery system, postage stamps, 
postal cards, envelopes, stamps, maps, wrapping paper, twine, mail 
bags, locks and Iceys, advertising, fees in suits on postal matters, and 
miscellaneous accounts. 

48. Book-keepi7ig Division. — Keeping the ledger accounts of the Post- 
office Department, including postmasters, late postmasters, contractors, 
late contractors, and all accounts, whether general, special, or miscel- 
laneous. 

Treasurer of the United States. 

49. The Treasurer of the United States has the custody of all public 
monej'S received into the treasury at Washington, or in the sub-treas- 
uries at Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Charleston, Cin- 
cinnati, St. Louis, and San Francisco, and in the depositories and deposi- 
tory banks. He disburses all public moneys on the warrants of the 
Secretary of the Treasury and on the warrants of the Postmaster Gen- 
eral. He issues and redeems treasury notes, is agent for the redemp- 
tion of the circulating notes of national banks, is trustee of the bonds 
held for securing tlie circulatmg notes of national banks, and of bonds 
held as security for public deposits; is custodian of Indian trust funds; 
is agent for paying the interest on the public debt, and for paying the 
salaries of members of Congress. There are six sub-divisions in the 
treasury office, having charge of the following matters: 

50. Issue Division.— In which legal-tender notes, coin certificates, and 
currency are issued. 

51. Bedemption Division.— Where coin certificates, national bank 
notes, fractional currency, &c., are redeemed and generally destroyed 
by maceration. 

52. Loan Division.— W here bonds are issued, purchased, retired, can- 
celled, or converted. 

53. Accounts Division. In which the accounts of the treasury, sub- 
trsasuries, and national banks used as depositories are kept. 

54. National Bank Division.— Here bonds held as security for national 
bank circulation are examined, and notes issued, redeemed, and can- 
celled. 

55. National Bank Redemption Agency.— In which notes of banks 
are redeemed and accounted for. 

Register of the Treasury. ' 

56. The Register of the Treasury lias charge of the great account books 
of the United States, which show every receipt and disbursement of the 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 35 

Government, and from whicli the statements are annually made for 
transmission to Congress. lie signs and issues all bonds, treasury notes, 
and other securities; registers all warrants drawn by the secretary on 
the ti-easury, as well as those drawn by the Postmaster General ; trans- 
mits statesmenls of balances due to individuals after their settlement by 
the first comptroller, on which payment is made ; issues ships' registers, 
licenses, and enrollments; prepares annual returns of all vessels built, 
lost, or destroyed; and prepares statements of the tonnage of vessels in 
Avhicli importations and exportations are made, with the various articles 
and their value. His office has live divisions, in which these duties are 
severally discharged, as follows : 

57. Coupon and JS^ote Division. — Where bonds, interest coupons, 
gold certificates, and certificates of deposit and indebtedness are exam- 
ined, registered, and i.ssued or redeemed. 

58. Note and Fractional Currency Division.— In which treasury 
notes, notes of national banks gone into liquidation, and mutilated frac- 
tional currency are examined, cancelled, and destroyed. 

59. Loan Division. — Here registered and coupon bonds are issued, 
registered bonds transferred, coupon bonds converted into registered, 
the ledger accounts kept witla holders of registered bonds, and schedules 
made on which interest is paid on the same. 

60. lieceipts and Expenditures Division. — In this division the ledgers 
of the United States are kept, showing civil, diplomatic, internal reve- 
nue, miscellaneous, and public debt receipts and expenditures; also 
statements of the warrants and drafts registered. 

61. Tonnage Division. — Here the accounts are kept showing the reg- 
istered, enrolled, and licensed tonnage, divided into different classes, 
and showing what is annually built, and what is employed in the fish- 
eries of different kinds. 

Comptroller of tlie Currency. 

62. The Comptroller of the Currency, under the Secretary of the 
Treasury, has the control and management of the national banks organ- 
Izzed throughout the Union. His office has four divisions, discharging 
the following duties : 

63. Issice Division. — Prepares and issues the circulating notes of 
national banks. 

64. Redemptio7i Division. — Redeems and destroys notes issued l^y 
national banks. 

65. Rejoorts Division. — Has charge of the examination and consolida- 
tion of reports of national banks. 

66. Organization Division. — Has cJiarge of the organization of all 
national banks. 

Director ot the Mint. 

67. The Director of the Mint has general supervision of all the mints 
and assay offices. He reports their operations and condition to the Sec- 
retary of the Treasury, and prepares and lavs before him the annual 
estimates for their support. With the approval of the Secretary of the 
Treasury, he prescribes regulations for cai-rying on the business at the 
mints and assaj- offices, the distribution of coin, and the sums to be 
collected from depositors. He receives and adjusts the monthly and 
quarterly accounts of superintendents and officers in charge of mmts 
and a.ssay offices, superintends their expenditures, and the annual set- 
tlements of the operative offices, and makes such special examinations 
as he deems necessary. All appointments, removals, and changes of 
clerks, a.ssistants, and workmen in the mints and assay offices are sub- 
mitted for his approval. The purchase of silver bullion and allotment 
of its coinage at the mints are made through the office of the Director, 
and transfers of public moneys in the mints and assay offices, and ad- 



36 people's manual,. 

vances from appropriations for the mint service, are made at his re- 
quest. 

The monthly coinage of mints is tested, and ores, bullion, and 
coins are assayed, at the assay laboratory, under his charge. The values 
of the standard coins of foreign countries are annually estimated by the 
Director, and the collection of the statistics of the annual production of 
precious metals in the United States is made under his direction. 

The Solicitor. 

68. The Solicitor of the Treasury is an officer in the Department ot 
Justice, having a seal, and is required, under the direction of the Secre- 
tary of the Treasury, to take cognizance of all frauds or attempted frauds 
on the revenue, and has general supervision of all legal measures for 
their prevention and detection. With the approval of the Secretary of 
the Treasury, he establishes regulations for the observance of collectors 
of customs, and with the approval of the Attornej^ General for the ob- 
servance of United States Attorneys, marshals, and clerks, respecting 
suits in which the United States is a party or interested. He may also 
instruct district attorneys, marshals, and clerks of tlie circuit and dis- 
trict courts, in all matters and proceedings pertaining to suits in which 
the United States is interested, except those arising under the internal 
revenue laws. 

He must examine reports of collectors and district attorneys upon 
bonds delivered lor suits, inform the President of false reports of bonds 
delivered for suit, and supervise statements from district attorneys cov- 
ering suits, and those from marshals relating to proceedings on execu- 
tions; also reports from clerks as to judgments and decrees, and he 
has charge of all post-office litigation. 

He has charge of the secret service emplo3^6s engaged in the de- 
tection of persons counterfeiting the coin, currency, or public securities 
of the United States, and all other frauds on the Government. In ad- 
dition, the Secretary of the Treasury refers to the solicitor for his opinion 
a large number of cases arising in his department relating to duties, re- 
mission of fines, penalties, and forfeitures, navigation and registry laws, 
steamboat acts, claims, &c. 

69. Solicitor of Internal Revenue. — The Solicitor of Internal Revenue 
is also an officer in the Department of Justice, whose duties are similar 
to those of the Solicitor of the Treasury, but confined to matters con- 
nected with the assessment and collection of internal revenue taxes. 

Commissiojier of Internal Revenue. 

70. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue, under the direction of the 
Secretary of the Treasury, has charge of all matters pertaining to the as- 
sessment and collection <iF the internal revenue taxes, the preparation 
and issue of special tax sLanips, forms, and stamps of all kinds, and pays 
into the treasury daily all moneys received by him on account of such 
taxes. The business of his office is conducted' through seven divisions, 
to which the work is assigned, as follows: 

71. Appointment Division — Has charge of issuing commissions, leaves 
of absence, office discipline, assorting and distributing the mail, regis- 
tering and copying letters, and caring for the general files ; also matters 
pertaining to messengers, laborers, office stationery, printing, advertis- 
ing, blanks, and blank books for the office. 

72. Laiv Division.— Ha% charge of questions relating to seizures, suits, 
abatements, refunding claims, and claims relating to special taxes, 
bonds purchased for the United States on distraint, and extension of 
time on distraint. 

73. Tobacco Division.— Is charged with all matters relating to tobacco, 
snuff and cigars, not in suit or bond, and stamp tax on medicines and 
preparations. 



tlXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 37 

74. Division of Accounts.— Hss. cliarge of the revenue and disbursing 
accounts, estimates of collectors and their estimates lor special allow- 
ances, and advertising and the purchase of blank books, newspapers, 
and stationer}^ for collectors, revenue agents, &c.; also the monthly 
bills of revenue agents, gaugers, distillery surveyors, and all miscella- 
neous claims arising under any appropriation for carrying into efl'ect 
the internal levenuo laws, (except for abatement, refunding, and draw- 
back,) the jireparation of estimates for appropriations by Congress, and 
the preparation of the statistical records of the office. 

75. Division of Distilled Spirits. — This division has charge of all mat- 
ters pertaining to distilleries, distilled spirits, fermented liquors, wines, 
reclirication, gaugers' fees and instruments, approval of bonded ware- 
houses, and the assignment of storekeepers. 

76. &tamx) Division.— ll&fi charge of the preparation, safe keeping, 
issue and redemption of stamps for distilled spirits, tobacco, snuff, 
cigars, fermented liquors, special taxes, the accounts relating thereto, 
and all business with express companies, and the preparation, custody, 
and issuing of steel dies for cancelling stamps. 

77. Division of Assessments.— Tsepares the assessment lists, has 
charge of all reports and returns (except those from distillers, recti- 
fiers, and brewers) affording data from which assessments may be 
made ; keeps the bonded accounts, and has charge of claims for the al- 
lowance of drawback. 

78. Division of Bevenue Agents. — Has supervision of the Avork of 
revenue agents, examines their reports and accounts and has charge of 
all matters relating to the discovery and suppression of violations of 
internal revenue law. 

Superintendent of Coast and Geodetic Survey. 

79. The Superintendent of the Coast Survey, with his assistants, 
mostly from the armj' and navA', is charged, under tJie dn-ection of the 
Secretary of the Treasury, with the survey of the oasts of the United 
States, and rivers emptying into the ocean'and the Gulf of Mexico, and 
with the interior triangulation of the country, including that of con- 
necting the surveys of the eastern and western coasts, determining geo- 
graphical positions in latitude and longitude, and furnishing points of 
reference for State surveys. Besides the annual report to Congress, the 
Survey publishes ma]>s and charts of our coasts and liarbors, books of 
sailing directions, and annual tide tables, computed in advance, for all 
ports of tlie United States. 

U. S. Marine Hospital Service. 

80. The Supervising Surgeon General is charged witli the supervision 
of all matters connected with the marine-hospital service, and with the 
disbursement of the fund for the relief of the sick and disabled seamen 
employed on vessels of the mercantile marine of the oceans, lakes, and 
rivers, and of the revenue-cutter service, the general superintendence 
of the marine hospitals, the purveying of supplies, the orders, details, 
and assignments of medical officers, and the examination of property 
returns. 

Inspector of Steam Vessels. 

81. The Supervising Inspector General of Steam Vessels superintends 
the administration of the steamboat inspection laws, presides at the 
meeting of the Board of Supervising Inspectors, receives all their re 
ports, and examines all their accounts. 

The Board of Supervising Inspectors meets in Washington annually, 
on the third Wednesday of January, to establish and maintain regula- 
tions for carrying out the provisions of the law relative to the steamboat 
inspection service. 



38 PEOPLE'S MANUAL. 

Superintendeut of the liife-Saviug Service. 

82. It is the duty of the General Superintendent of the Life-Saving 
Service to supervise the organization and government of the employgs 
of this service ; to prepare and revise regulations therefor as maj^ be 
necessarj'; to fix the number and compensation of surfmeu to be em- 
ployed at the several stations; to supervise the expenditure of all ap- 
propriations made for the support of the life-saving service ; to examine 
tlie property returns of the keepers of the several stations, to see that 
all public property belonging thereto is properly accounted for ; to ac- 
quaint himself, as iaras ])racticable, with ail means employed in foreign 
countries that may seem to be of advantage to the service, and to cause 
all plans and devices (appearing to be meritorious) for the improve- 
ment of the life-saving service to be properly investigated ; to supervise 
the selection of sites for new stations", or for old ones necessary to be re- 
moved; to prepare and submit to the Secretary of the Treasury esti- 
mates for the support of the service ; to collect and compile the statis- 
tics of marine disasters, and submit to the Secretary of the Treasury, 
for transmission to Congress, an annual report of the expenditures 
of the appropriations made for the service, and of the operations of the 
service generally. 

From this brief statement of the duties of the Treasury Department, 
it will be seen that it covers a wide and diveisified field, the greater 
portion of which, however, relates to tlie finances of the Government 
and the collection and disbursement of its revenues. 

The salaries of the principal officers in the department are as follows : 
Assistant secretaries, ^,500; chief clerk, $3,000; comptrollers, $5,000; 
auditors, ^3,600 ; Treasurer of the United States, |6,000 ; assistant treas- 
urer $3,600; commissioner of customs, 14,000 ; commissioner of internal 
revenue, $6,000; comptroller of the currency, $5,000; supervising archi- 
tect $1,500 ;' director of the mint, $4,500 ; chief of the bureau of statis- 
tics' $3,000;, ciiiefs of divisions in Secretary's office $2,500; chiefs of 
divisions in Treasurer's office, $2.500 ; heads of divisions in internal 
revenue office, |2,500 ; chief of bureau of engraving and printing, $4,- 
500 ; chief clerks in the several bureaus and sub-divisions, $2,000 ; prin- 
cipal book-keepers, $2,500; tellers, $2,500 ; chiefsof the several divisions, 
$2.000 ; supervising surgeon general, $4,000 ; supervising inspector gen- 
eral of sLeamboats,"' $3,500; chief of secret service division, $3,500; gen- 
eral superintendent of life-saving service, $4,000. Assistant treasurers 
of the United States receive salaries as follows : At New Orleans, $4,000 ; 
at Baltimore, Chicago, Cincinnati, Piiiladelphia, and St. Louis, $4,500 ; 
at Boston, $5,000 ; at San Francisco, $5,500 ; at New York, $8,000. The 
superintendents of the mints receive salaries as follows : At Carson City, 
$3,000; New Ofleans^ $3,500; Philadelphia and San Francisco, $4,500. 
Collectors of customs at the principal ports receive the following sal- 
aries: At San Francisco, Chicago, Nev/ Orleans, and Baltimore, $7,000 ; 
Boston, $S, 000 ; New York, $12,000; Philadelphia, $8,000. At each of 
these ports there is a naval officer, at a salary of $5,000 except in New 
York, where he receives $S,000, and a surveyor, who receives about the 
same salary. Collectors of internal revenue receive from $2,250 to $4,- 
500 a year,^according to the size and importance of the district; deputy 
colleccors receive from $1,000 to $2,000 a year. Captains in the revenue 
marine service receive $2,500 a year; first lieutenants, $1,800; second 
lieutenants, $1,500 ; third lieutenants, $1,200 ; and cadets. $900. The sup- 
erintendent of the c^ast survey receives $6,000 a year. Keepers of light- 
houses receive from $200 to $1,000 a year. The general superintendent 
of the life-saving service receives $1,000 a year, and superintendents from 
$1,200 to $1,800. " The supervising surgeon general of the marine hospital 
service gets$t,000ayear, and the supervising inspector general ofsteam- 
boat inspection service, $3,500. 



EXEOUTIVB DEPARTMKNT. 89 



CHAPTER VII, 
THE DEPARTMENT O^ JUSTICE. 



1. The Attorney General is the head of the Department of Justice, 
and the chief Jaw'otficer of the Government. He represents the United 
States in all matters involving legal questions, and gives advice on all 
questions of lau- when required by the President, or the heads of the 
several Executive Departments, on questions of law arising in the ad- 
ministratioii of tlieir respective departments. He exercises a general 
superintendence and direction over United States Attorneys and Mar- 
shals in all judicial districts in the States and Territories, and provides 
special cou?\sel for the United States whenever required by any de- 
partment of Government. He is assisted in the management of the 
routine work of his department by a Chief Clerk, IjaAV Clerk, and 
other clerks and employes. The Law Clerk is an examiner of titles, 
and assists the Attorney General in the investigation of legal questions, 
and in the preparation of opinions. 

Solicitor General. 

2. The' Solicitor General assists the Attorney General in the discharge 
of his general duties, and, in case of a vacancy in the office of xVttorney 
General, or of his absence, by sjjecial provision of law, discharges all 
his duties. Except in cnses v.here the Attorney General otherwise di- 
rects, tlie Attorney General and the Solicitor General conduct and argue 
all causes in the Supreme Court and in the Court of Claims, in which 
the United States Government is interested; and, when the Attorney 
General so directs, any such cause shall be conducted and argued by 
the Solicitor General in any court of the United States. And, in the 
same way, the Solicitor General may be sent by the Attorney General 
to attend to the interests of the United States in any State court, or else- 
where. 

Assistant Attorneys General. 

3. There are two Assistant Attorneys General, whose duty it is to as- 
sist the Attornej- General and Solicitor General in the performance of 
their duties. One of them assists in the preparation of legal opinions 
and in the argument of cases in the Supreme Court, and the other one 
attends to the interests of the Government in the Court of Claims. 

Other Law Officers. 

4. In addition to the offices specified above, there are several other lav/ 
officers of the Executive Departments, who exercise their functions 
imder the general supervision and control of the Attorney General. 
While discharging duties connected with the other departments, tliey 
realh/ belong to the Department of .Justice. They are : Assistant At- 
torne}^ General for the Department of the Interior ; Assistant Attorney 
General for the Post-office Department ; Solicitor of the Treasury ; 
Solicitor of Internal Revenue ; Naval Solicitor ; and Examiner of 
Claims in the State Department. 

5. The salaries of these several officers in the Department of Justice 
are as follows: Solicitor General, $7,000 ; Assistant Attorneys General, 
$5,000; Chief Clerk, $2,450 ; Assistant Attorney General for Department 
of the Interior, §5,000 ; Assistant Attorney General for Post-offloe De- 
partment, §4.000; Solicitor of the Treasury, $4,500; Solicitor of Internal 
Revenue, §4,500 ; Naval Solicitor, $3,000 ; "Examiner of Claims, $3,500. 



40 iPEOPLE's MANUAL. 



CHAPTER VIII. 
THE POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 



1. The Post-oflace Department comes nearer to every citizen and inr 
habitant of the country than any of the other Executive Departments. 
Its usefulness and influence are felt iu every corner of the land, and 
there is not a settlement or locality to which it does not reach out its 
hands filled with tidings for the people. It is presided over by the 
Postmaster General, and has the control and direction of all the mail 
and postal facilities throughout the Union, as well as those connected 
with foreign countries. The Postmaster General appoints all officers 
and employes of the department, except the Assistant Postmaster Gen- 
eral ; appoints all postmasters Avhose compensation does not exceed 
11,000 ; (those receiving a salary exceeding |l,000 are appointed by the 
President;) makes postal treaties with foreign governments, with the 
advice and consent of the President ; awards and executes contracts, 
and directs the management and conduct of tlie domestic and foreign 
mail service. 

2. There are in this department three Assistant Postmasters General, 
appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Their gen- 
eral duties are as follows : 

First Assistant Postmaster General. 

3. The First Assistant Postmaster General has charge of the appoint- 
ment office, including four divisions, Avith duties as follows : 

4. Appointment Division. — Prepares all cases for the establishment, 
discontinuance, and change of name or site of post-otfices, and for the 
appointment of ail postmasters, agents, postal clerlis, mail messengers, 
and department employes, and has charge of all correspondence rela- 
tive thereto. 

5. Bond Division. — Receives and records appointments; sends out 
papers for postmasters and their assistants to qualify ; receives, enters, 
and files their bonds and oaths, and issues the commissions to postmas- 
ters. 

6. Salary and Allowance Division. — Has charge of adjusting and re- 
adjusting the salaries of postmasters, and the allowances for rent, fuel, 
lights, clerk hire, and other exjienditures. 

7. Free Delivery Division. — Prepares all cases for the inauguration of 
the system in cities, has charge of the appointment of letter-carriers, 
and has the general supervision of the whole system. 

8. Blank Agency Division. ~^eu(k^ out the blanks, wrapping paper, 
twine, letter balances, and cancelling stamps to offices entitled to re- 
ceive them. 

Second Assistant Postmaster General, 

9. The Second Assistant Postmaster General has charge of the con- 
tract office and mail equipments. His office has three divisions, with 
duties as follows : 

10. Contract Division. — Has charge of all matters connected with 
placing the mails under contract, embracing all correspondence and 
proceedings regarding the frequency of trips, mode of conveyance, time 



ESECTTTmE DEPARTMENT. 41 

of departure and arrival on all waters, course of the mails between dif- 
ferent sections of the country, points of mail distribution, and regula- 
tions for the government of the domestic mail service. It prepares the 
advertisements for mail proposals, receives the bids, and has charge of 
the annual and occasional mail lettings, and the adjustment and exe- 
cution of the contracts. All applications for the establishment or altera- 
tion of mail arrangements and for mail messengers should be sent to 
this division. All claims should be submitted to it for transportation 
service not under contract. From it all postmasters at the end of routes 
receive the statement of mail arrangements prescribed for the respective 
routes. It reports weekly to the sixth auditor of the treasury all con- 
tracts executed, and all orders affecting the accounts for mail transporta- 
tion; prepares the statistical exhibits of the mail service, and the re- 
ports to Congress of the mail lettings, giving a statement of each bid; 
also of the contrar^ts made, the new service started, the curtailments 
ordered, and the additional allowances granted within the year. 

11. lyispection Division. — Receives and examines the registers of the 
arrivals and departures of the mails, certificates of the service of route 
agents, and reports of mail failures; notes the delinquencies of con- 
tractors, and prepares cases thereon for the action of the postmaster gen- 
eral ; furnishes blanks for mail registers, reports of mail failures, and 
other duties necessary to secure a faithful and exact performance of all 
mail service. 

12. 3Iail Equiiiment Division.— Issxies all mail locks and keys, mail 
pouches and sacks, and has charge of the construction of mail-bag 
catchers. 

Third Assistant Postmaster General. 

13. The Third Assistant Postmaster General has charge of the finances 
of the departments. His office has four divisions. 

14. Division of Finance. — Issues drafts and warrants in payment of 
balances reported by the sixth auditor to be due to mail contractors or 
other persons; superintends the collection of revenue at depository, 
draft, and depositing offices, and the accounts between the department 
and the treasurer and assistant treasurers, and special designated de- 
positories of the United States. It receives all accounts, monthly or 
quarterly, of the depository and draft offices, and certificates of dfcposit 
from depositing offices. 

15. Division of Postage Stamps and Stamped Envelopes Has the 

issuing of postage stamps, stamped envelopes, newspaper wrappers, and 
postal cards ; also the supplying of postmasters with envelopes for their 
ofilcial use, and registered-package envelopes and seals. 

16. Division of Begistered Letters. — Has the duty of preparing in- 
structions for the guidance of postmasters relative to registered letters, 
and all correspondence connected therewith; also the compilation of 
the statistics relative thereto. 

17. Division of Dead Letters. — Examines and returns to the writers 
dead letters, and conducts the correspondents relating thereto. 

The Superintendent of Foreign Mails. 

18. Has charge of all foreign postal arrangements and the supervision 
of the ocean luail steamship service. 

The Money-Order System. 

19. Is under the general supervision of a superintendent, who directs 
the postal money-order system throughout the United States, and has 
charge of the international monej^-order correspondence with foreign 
countries. 

The principal otficeis employed in the Post-office Department receive 
the following annual salaries : Assistant Postmasters-General, $4,000 ; 



42 people's manual. 

supeiinteudent of foreign mails, $3,000 ; superintendent of money order 
sj'stem, 13,500 ; chief clerli, |2,200 ; topograplier, ?2,500 ; general super- 
intendent railway mail service, $3,500. 

Classes ot Post-offices, Salaries ot Postmasters, and how the 
Salaries are Fixed. 

20. Post-offices are arranged in four classes, designated as first class, 
second class, third class, fourth class. 

The first class includes all offices in which the gross annual receipts 
are forty thousand dollars and upwards. 

The second class includes all offices in whiclithe gross receipts exceed 
eight thousand dollars, and do nt^t exceed forty thousand dollars. 

The third class includes all offices in which the gross receipts exceed 
one thousand nine Jiundred dollars, and do not exceed eight thousand 
dollars. 

The fourth class includes all offices in which the gross receipts do not 
exceed one thousand nine hundred dollars. 

Postmasters of first, second, and third class officeg receive annual 
salaries, payable quarterlj^, fixed by the Postmaster General from their 
quarterly returns sent into the Post-office Department, each adjustment 
o'f salarj^ to be based on the four quarterly returns sent in inunediately 
preeediug the date of the adjustment. The adjustment of salary is 
made yearly, and takes effect on the first day of the quarter next suc- 
ceeding the date of adjustment. 

The salaries of postmasters of first class offices are as follows t 
Gross receipts, $40,000 and not exceedino- $45,000, ..... $3,000 
do. 45,000 do. do. ^ 60,000, . . .... 3,100 

do. 60,000 do. do. 80,000, 3,200 

do. 80,000 do. do. 110,000, 8,300 

do. 110,000 do. do. 150,000 3,400 

do. 150,000 do. do. 200,000, ....... 3,500 

do. 200,000 do. do. 260,000, 8,600 

do. 260,000 do. do. 339,000 8,700 

do. 330,000 do. do. 400,000, ...... 3,800 

do. 400,000 do. do. 4-50,000, 3,900 

do. 450,000 do. do. 500,000, 4,000 

do. 500,000 do. do. 600,000, 5,000 

. do. 600,000 and upwards, , 6,000 

The salaries of postmasters of the second class are as follows : 

Gross receipts, $8,000 and not exceeding $9,000, $2,000 

do. 9,000 do. do. 10,000, 2,100 

do. 10,000 do. do. 11,000, 2,200 

do. 11,000 do. do. 13,000, 2,300 

do. 13,000 do. do. 16,000, . 2,400 

do. 16,000 do. do. 20,000, 2,500 

do. 20,000 do. do. 24,000, 2,600 

do. 24,000 do. do. 30,000, 2,700 

do. 30,000 do. do. 35,000, . 2,800 

do. 85,000 do. do. 40,000, 2,900 

The salaries of postmasters of tlio third class are as follows : 

Gross receipts, $1,900 and not exceeding $2,100, |1,000 

do. 2,100 do. do. 2,400, 1,100 

do. 2,400 do. do. 2,700, ........ 1,200 

do. 2,700 do. do. 3,000, 1,800 

do. 3,000 do. do. 3,500, 1,400 

do. 3,500 do. do. 4,200, 1,500 

do. 4,200 do. do. 5,000, 1,600 

do. 5,000 do. do. 6,000, 1,700 

do. 6,000 do. do. 7,000, 1,800 

do. 7,000 do. do. 8,000, 1,900 



EXECUTIVE r>EPARTiMANT. 43 

The salaries of po--tmasters of the fourth class are based on the 
amount of box rent collected by them, and the amount of postage 
stamps, oflicial stamps, stanipetl envelopes, postal cards, and newspaper 
and periodical stamps cancelled on matter actually mailed at their 
offices, anil on waste paper, dead newspapers, priuted'matter, and twine 
sold by them, at the following rates: On the first §50, or less, per 
quarter, one hundred per cent.; on the next ?100, or less, per quarter, 
sixt.v per cent.; on the next ?200, or less, per quarter, fifty per cent.; 
and on all the balance, forty per cent. Wiien the gross receipts of one 
of these officer, reaches ?1,90(), it is placed in the second class, and the 
postmaster receives a fixed salary. 

The salary of the postmaster at Washington, D. ('., is fixed at $5,000. 
In no case can the salary of any postmaster exceed $6,000, except in the 
city of New York, where his salary is fixed at ??S,000. 

Clerks in post-offices requiring them are paid hy the Post-office De- 
partment such salaries as are allowed bylaw; as are also letter-carriers 
in cities where the free-deliverv^ system is established. 



44 people's MANUAl.. 



CHAPTER IX. 
THE NAVY DEPARTMENT. 



1. The Secretary of the Navy is tho head of this department. He per- 
forms such duties relating thereto as the President of the United States, 
who is commander-in-chief, may direct, or as may be imposed upon him 
by Congress. He has the ge'neral superintendence of construction, 
manning, armament, equipment, and employment of all vessels of war, 
and consequently the control, through subordinate officers, of all navy- 
yards. 

He mvist, from time to time, cause to be collected and transmitted to 
him at the seat of government all flags, standards, and colors talien 
from the enemies of the United States by the nav3^ 

He makes four annual reports to Congress: First, relative to the ap- 
propriations for the department, and how expended; second, relative 
to contracts for supplies ; third, relative to expenditures for wages, 
stores and materials ; and fourth, relative to vessels and materials sold. 

2. He is assisted in tlie routine work of his department by a chief 
clerk and sucli other clerks and employes as are necessary, and by 
nine chiefs of bureaus. These chiefs of bureaus are officers of the 
United States navy, and form part of the regular naval establishment. 
The work assigned to them respectively is as follows : 

3. Bureau of Ya^-ds mid Docks.— Has charge of the navj^-yards and 
naval stations, their construction and repair, and the purchase of tim- 
ber and other material therefor. 

4. Bureau of iVftw^a^io-n.— Supplies vessels of war with maps, charts, 
chronometers, barometers, flags, signal lights, glasses, and stationery; 
has charge of the publication of charts, the nautical almanac, and sur- 
veys; also, the naval observatory and hydrographic office at Wash- 
ington are under its direction. 

5. Bureau of Ordnance,— Has charge of the manufacture of naval 
ordnance and anmiuintion ; the armament of vessels of war ; the arsen- 
als atid magazines; the trials and tests of ordnance, small arms, and 
amnmnition ; also, of the torpedo service, torpedo station at Newport, 
and experimental battery at Annapolis. 

6. Bureau of Provisions and Clothinr/.~Jlas charge of all contracts 
for the supply of provisions, water for cooking and drinking purposes, 
clothing, and small stores for the use of the navy. 

7. Bureau of Medicine and ^■urf/er?,'.— Superintends everything re- 
lating to medicine, medical stores, surgical instruments, and hospital 
supplies for the treatment of the sick and wounded of the navy and 
marine corps. 

8. Bureau of Construction and Bepair.—Ba.s charge of drj^-docks, 
and of all vessels undergoing repairs; the designing, building, and 
fitting-out of vessels, and the armor of iron-clads. 

9. Bureau of Equipment and Recruitinp .—Is in charge of the equip- 
ment of all vessels of war, and the sunplv of their sails, rigging, an- 
chors, and fuel: and of the recruiting of sailors of the various grades. 

10. The ^ngineer-tn-C/ueA— Directs the assigning,fitting-out. running, 
andrepairingof the steam-marine engines, boilers, and appurtenances 
used on vessels of war, and the workshops in the navy-yards where 
they are made and repaired. 

11. The Judge Advocate (Jenera/.— Receives, revises, and records the 
proceedings of courta-martial, courts of inquiry, boards for the exami- 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 45 

nation of officers for retirement and promotion in tiie naval service ; 
and furnisljes reports and opinions on such questions of law and other 
matters as may be relerred to him by the Secretarj^ of the Navy. 

12. The salarj' of the chief clerk of the Navy Department is §2,500, 
and of the chief clerks of the several bureaus, $1,800. The salary of 
the chiefs of the several bureaus is determined by their rank and stand- 
ing in the navj'. The civil engineer in the bureau of yards and docks 
receives §3,000 a ^-ear. 

Organization of the Davy. 

13. Tlio reg-ular active list of line officers of the navy consists of one 
admiral, one vice admiral, ten rear admirals, twenty-five commodores, 
fifty captan IS, ninety commanders, eightj^ lieutenant commanders, two 
hundred and eighty lieutenants, one hundred masters, and one hun- 
dred ensigns. Tlie vice admiral ranks with the lieutenant general of 
the army, rear admirals with major generals, commodores with briga- 
dier generals, captains with colonels, commanders with lieutenant col- 
onels, lieutenant commanders with majors, lieutenants with captains, 
masters with first lieutenants, and ensign n with second lieutenants. 

The medical corps of the navy consists of fifteen medical directors, 
fifteen medical inspectors, fifty surgeons, and one hundred assistant 
surgeons. 

14. The pay corps consists of thirteen pay directors, thirteen pay in- 
spectors, fifty paymasters, thirty passed assistant paymasters, and twenty 
assistant pajanasters. 

15. Tlie engineer corps consists of seventy chief engineers, one hundred 
first assistant engineers, and one hundred second assistant engineers. 

16. There are in the navy twent\--four cliaplains, for service on the 
several public armed vessels. There may be tv/elve professors of mathe- 
matics appointed, for duty at the naval academy, naval observatory, 
and on board ships of war^ in instructing midshipmen. 

17. All appointments, except those of midshipmen from the naval 
academj-, and regular promotions according to law, are made by the 
Presideitit, and confirmed by the Senate. 

18. Officers of the navy may be placed on the retired list by the Presi- 
dent, or on their own application, on attaining a certain age, or for dis- 
ability, under the regulations laid down in the law, in much the same 
manner as officers of tlie army. 

Pay of Officers and Enlisted Men. 

19. Admiral, 913,000; vice admiral, at sea, $9,000, on shore, $8,000; 
rear admirals, at sea, $6,000, on shore, 4,000 ; on leave or waiting orders, 
$3,000; captains, $4,500, ^,500, $2,800 as they may be at sea, on shore, 
or awaiting orders; commanders, $3,500, $3,000, $2 800; lieutenant com- 
manders, during first four years after date of commission, $2,800, $2 400, 
$2,000, and after four years from such date, $3,000, $2,000, $2,200; lieu- 
tenants, first five years after date of commission, $2,400, $2,000, $1,600, 
and after five years from such date, $2,600. $2,200, $1,800; masters, dur- 
ing first five years after date of commission, $1,800. $1,500, $1,200, and 
after five j^ears ^rom such date, $2,000, $1,700, $1.400 ; ensigns, during 
finst five years after date of commiasion, $1,200, $1,000, $800, and after 
five years from such date, $1,400, $1,200, $1,000; midshipmen, $1,000, 
$800, $600. 

The pay of surgeons, paymasters, and chief engineers ranges from 
$2,000 up to $1,200, according to length of service and place of employ- 
ment ; passed assistant surgeons, passed assistant paymasters, and first 
assistant engineers, from $1,500 to $2,200; assistant surgeons, assistant 
paymasters and second assistant engineers, from $1,000 to $1,900; chap- 
lains get from $1,600 to $2,800; boatswains, gunners, carpenters, and 
sail-makers, who rank as non-commissioned officers, get from $700 to 
$1,800, according to length of service and place of employment. 



46 people's manual. 

The pay of petty officers, and the pay and bounty of enlisted and or- 
dinary seamen, firemen, &g., is fixed by the President, in accordance 
with the appropriations made by Congress from year to year. 

Not more than seven thousand five hundred men, of all grades, can 
be enlisted in the navy at one time. The term of enlistment is five years. 

Marine Corps. 

20. There is attached to the navy a marine corps, consisting of one com- 
mandant, with tlie rank of brigadier general, one colonel, two lieutenant 
colonels, four majors, one adjutant and insi^ector, one paymaster, one 
quartermaster, two assistant quartermasters, twenty captains, thirty 
first lieutenants, thirty second lieutenants, one sergeant major, one 
quartermaster sergeant, one drum major, one principal musician, two 
hundred sergeants, two hundred and twenty corporals, thirty musicians 
for a band, (this is the fine marine band at Washington,) sixty drum- 
nrers, sixty fifers, and twent5--tive hundred privates. This oorps is for 
service on the armed vessels of the navy. 

21. The adjutant, paymaster, and quartermaster of the marine corps 
have the raiik of major, and the assistant quartermasters the rank of 
captain. The officers and enlisted men receive the same pay and al- 
lowances as those of the infantry line of the army. 

22. The officers and enlisted men of the navy are governed by articles 
adopted by Congress, as are also the cadets at the naval academy. 

The Naval Academy, 

23. The naval academj' is located at Annapolis, Maryland. There is 
allowed at this academy one cadet-midshipman for each Congressional 
district in the United States, one for each Territory and the District of 
Columbia, and ten annually at large, to serve as such for six years. 
They are appointed in the same manner as cadets to the military academy, 
after an examination as to their physical and educational qualifications. 
They must be between fourteen and eighteen j'earsof age at the time of 
appointment, and must be actual residents of the district for which 
they are appointed. 

24. Cadets passing successfully the graduating examination shall re- 
ceive appointments as midshipmen in the navy, and take rank accord- 
ing to their class standing at date of graduation. 

25. The Secretary of the Navy may appoint fifty cadets of engineers 
to the naval academy, in addition to the prescribed number of cadet- 
midshipmen, for service in the engineer corps. Their course shall be 
four years, including two years on naval steamers. 



EXECUTIVE DEPART3IENT. 47 



CHAPTER X. 
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. 



1. The head of this department is the Secretary of the Interior, who 
is charged with the public business relating to patents for inventions, 
pension and bounty lands, the public lands, including mines, the In- 
dians, education, labor, railroads, the public surveys, the census, when 
directed by law, the custodj^ and distribution of public documents, and 
certain eleemosynary institutions in the District of Columbia. He also 
exercises certain powers and duties relative to the Territories, performed 
by the Secretary of State prior to March, 1873. 

2. The Assistant Secretary discharges such duties as are directed by 
law, or prescribed by the Secretary, and, in the absence of the Secretary, 
discharges his duties, and acts as the head of the department. 

Besides these, the chief officers of the department are: The Commis- 
sioner of Patents, Commissioner of Pensions, Commissioner of Public 
Lands, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Commissioner of Education, 
Commissioner of Labor, Commissioner of Railroads, Director of the 
Geological Survey, and Superintendent of the Census. 

Commissioner ot Patents. 

3. The Commissioner of Patents is the Iiead of the Patent Office, and 
is charged with the administration of the patent laws, and has the su- 
pervision of all matters relating to the issuing of letters-patent for new 
and useful discoveries, inventions, and improvements. He is assisted 
in the discharge of his duties by an assistant commissioner, three ex- 
aminers-in-chief, an examiner of interferences, an examiner of trade 
marks, twenty-rtve princiiml examiners, and a large number of assistant 
examiners and copj'ists. 

Commissioner ot Pensions. 

4. The Commissioner of Pensions supervises the examination and ad- 
judication of all claims arising under the laws passed by Congress grant- 
ing bounty land or pensions on account of service in the army or navy 
of the United States during the Revolutionary war, and all subsequent 
wars in which the United States has been engaged. He is aided by two 
deputy commissioners, a medical referee, and a large number of clerks. 

The General tand Office. 

5. The Commissioner of Public Lands has charge of the survey, man- 
agement, and sale of the public domain, and the titles therefor, whether 
derived from confirmation of grants made by former governments, by 
sales, donations, or grants for schools, railroads, military bounties, or 
public improvements. 

Commissioner ot Indian Atlairs. 

6. The Commissioner of Indian Affairs has charge of all matters per- 
taining to the several tribes of Indians in the States and Territories, un- 
der the laws passed by Congress, and the treaties and compacts made 



48 people's manual. 

■with the Indians themselves. He issues instructions to, and receives re- 
ports from, agents, special agents, and traders; superintends the pur- 
chase, transportation, and distribution of presents and annuities, and 
reports annually the relations of the Governinent with each tribe. 

Commissiouer of Education. 

7. His duties are to collect such statistics and facts as will show the 
condition and progress of education in the several States and Territories, 
and to diffuse sucii information concerning the organization and man- 
agement jof schools and school systems and methods of teaching as will 
aid the people of the United States in the establishment and mainte- 
nance of efficient school systems, and otherwise promote the cause of 
education throughout the country. 

Bureau ot ljal)or Statistics. 

8. Has charge of the collection and publication of statistics and infor- 
mation concerning labor and labor interests, with a view to ascertaining 
the true relations between labor and capital, in their influence upon the 
social, educational, and industrial welfare of all classes of laboring peo- 
ple, to afford correct data on which to base measure and suggestions for 
their advantage and improvement. 

Commissioner on Railroads. 

9. He is charged with precribing a system of reports to be rendered to 
him by the railroad companies whose roads are, in whole or a part, west, 
north, or south of the Missouri river, and to wliich the United States 
has granted any loan of credit or subsidy in lands or bonds; to examine 
the boolis, accounts, and property of said companies; to see that the 
laws relating to them are enforced, and to assist the Government direc- 
tors of any of said railroad companies in all matters coming under their 
cognizance whenever they may request such assistance. 

Geological Survey. 

10. The Director of the Geological Survey has charge of the classifica- 
tion of the public lands and the examination of the geological structure, 
mineral resources, and products of the national domain. 

Superintendent ot the Census. 

11. This officer has the supervision and direction of the taking of the 
census of the United States every tenth year, and the subsequent ar- 
rangement, compilation, and publication of the statistics thereby col- 
lected. 

Puhlic Documents. 

12. The Superintendent of Public Documents is charged with the duty 
of collecting, arranging, preserving, and distributing all public docu- 
ments and publications directed by law to be printed or purchased for 
the use of the Government, except sucli as are exclusively for the use of 
Congress or the Executive Departments, and the compiling and super- 
vising of the Biennial Register. Tliis register is called the '• Blue Booli/' 
and contains, besides other information, a complete lists of "all the of- 
ficers, clerks, employes, and agents, civil, military, and naval in the 
United States, including cadets and midshipmen, which lists shall ex- 
hibit the amount of compensation, pay, and emoluments allowed to each, 
the State or country in which he was born, the State or Territory from 
which he was appointed to office, and where emploj^ed." 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 49 

This register is published as soon as practicable after the last day of 
September in each year iu Avhich a new Congress assembles, (every odd- 
numbered year,) aud is complete up to that date. 

18. The salaries received by the several principal officers in the De- 
partment of the Interior are as follows : Assistant Secretary of the In- 
terior, $4,000; chief clerk, ?ii,oOU ; comuiissioner of patents, $4,500; 
assistant commissioner of patents, $8,000; exaniiners-in-chief, 18,000; 
examiners of trade-marks and principal examiners, |2,400 ; commis- 
sioner of pensions, $5,000; deputy conunissioner of pensions, $8,600; 
pension agents, $4,000; commissioner of public lands, $4,000 ; recorder 
of the land office, $'2,200; conunissioner of Indian atiairs, $4,000; com- 
missioner of education, $3,000; commissioner of labor, $3,600; com- 
missioner of railroads, $4,000; director of the geological survey, $6,000 ; 
superintendent of the census, $5,000 ; architect of the United States 
capitol building and grounds, $4,500; Governors of the Territories, 
$2,600; secretary of the Territories, $1,800; registers of United States 
ianti offices, and receivers of public moneys at land offices, not exceed- 
ing $8,000 a year. 

The Territories. 

14. Besides the several States of the Union, there are nine Territories. 
These are organized under various acts of Congress with governments 
similar to those of the States, but the executive officers are appointed 
by the President of the United States. Each Territory has a Governor, 
Secretary of the Territory, and three Supreme Judges appointed by 
the President. The Legislature of each Territory is composed of a Sen- 
ate and House of Pv,epresentatives, elected by the people in the several 
counties. County and townshiis officers are elected or appointed, as 
the laws of the respective Territories, passed by the Legislature and ap- 
proved by the Governor, provide. From those Territories, new States 
are admitted into the Union when they have population enough to en- 
title them to one Representative in Congress. * Before any Territory 
can be admitted as a State, it must make application therefor to Con- 
gress, and have adopted a constitution and system of government re- 
publican in form. States are admitted by act of Congress, approved by 
the President. 



50 people's manual. 



CHAPTER XL 
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUBB. 



1. The head of this department is the Commissioner of Agriculture. 
His duty is to collect and diffuse useful information on subjects con- 
nected with agriculture. He is required to collect and preserve in his 
ofitice all information obtainable concerning agriculture by means of 
books, and corresiDondence, and by practical and scientific experiments, 
the collection of statistics, and other appropriate means; to collect new 
and valuable seeds and plants; to learn, by actual cultivation, such of 
them as may be useful and adapted to the country ; and to propagate 
such as may be worthy of propagation, and to distribute them among 
agriculturists in the different sections of the Union. This work is done 
through different officers and bureaus, or divisions, in his department, 
as follows : 

2. The statistician collects reliable information as to the condition 
and prospects of the cereal, cotton, and other crops, by means of lour 
correspondents in each county of every 8tate. This information is 
gatlaered at stated periods of each month, is carefully considered, esti- 
mated, tabulated, and published. 

3. The entoriioiogist obtains information regarding insects injurious 
to vegetation ; investigates the character of insects sent him, to point 
out their modes of infliction and the means by which their depredations 
may be avoided ; he also arranges specimens of their injuries and nest 
architecture. 

4. The botanist receives botanical contributions, and, after making 
desirable selections for the national herbarium, distributes the dupli- 
cate plants among foreign and domestic societies, institutions of learn- 
ing, and botanists; he answers all inquiries of botanico-agricultural 
character. 

5. The chemist makes analyses of natural fertilizers, vegetable pro- 
ducts, and other materials which pertain to the interests of agriculture. 
Applications are constantly being received from all portions of the 
country for analyses of soils, minerals, liquids, and manures. 

6. The microscopist makes original investigations, mostly relating to 
the habits of parasitic fungoid plants, which are frequently found on 
living plants and animals, producing sickly growth, and, in many cases, 
premature death. 

7. The Propagating Garden.— Here large numbers of exotic, utiliza- 
ble, and economic plants are propagated and distributed. The orange 
family is particularly valuable, and the best commercial varieties are 
propagated and distributed to the widest possible extent. 

8. The Seed Division.— T\\vo\\^h this seeds are purchased in this and 
foreign countries of reliable firms, whose guaranty of good qualitv and 
genuineness cannot be questioned. After being received, they are 
packed and distributed to applicants in all parts of the country. 

9. The Zr6?'ar2/-— Through this exchanges of publications are made, 
by which the department receives reports of the leading agricidtural, 
pomological, and meteorological societies of the world. 

10. (Salaries.— Commissioner of Agriculture, $4,500; chief clerk, 
$2,200; statistician, entomologist, chemist, veterinarian, $2,500; bo- 
tanist and microscopist, $1,800. 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 51 

11. The Department of Agriculture is reallj^ a bureau in the Depart- 
ment of the Interior, the same as tlie pension office, general land office, 
«feo , but owing to its importance and the general interest attaching to it 
we make it a separate chapter. As we write this we learn that the lower 
House of Congress has passed a bill making it an executive department, 
and the commissioner a cabinet officer. 

12. The following is the approximate number of persons emploj^ed in 
the several executive departments at Washington, embracing deputies, 
auditors, assistants, chief clerks, chiefs of divisions, clerks, (first, sec- 
ond, third, and fourth class,") copyists, examiners, stenographers, book- 
keepers, accountants, copyists, messengers, watchmen, firemen, laborers, 
&G., etc., the salaries running from $3,800 down to $240 a year : 

State Department, 66 

Treasury " 3,500 

War " 1,600 

Navy •' 350 

Post-office " 1,200 

And about 5,000 persons throughout the country as postal clerks, route 

agents, messengers, Ac. 

Interior Department, 3,700 

Department of Justice, 60 

The number of employes in the Grovernmeut Printing Office is about 

2,500, paid by the day or by the piece. 



52 people's manual. 



JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT, 

CHAPTER XIL 
CONSTITUTIOI^AL PHOVISIONS. 



1. The judicial power of the tJnited. States is vested in a supreme 
court and sucti inferior courts as Congress may, from time to lime, or- 
dain and establish. The judges, both of tlie Supreme and inferior 
courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall at stated 
times receive for ihoir services a compensation which shall not be di- 
minished during their continuance in office. 

The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity arising 
under the Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, 
or which shall be made, under their authority : to all cases affecting em- 
bassadors, or other public ministers or consuls; to controversies to 
which the United States shall be a party ; to controversies between two 
or more States; between a State and citizens of anotiaer State ; between 
citizens of different States ; between citizens of the same State claiming 
lands under grants of different States ; and between a State or the citi- 
zens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects. 

In all cases affecting embassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, 
and those in which a State is a party, the Supreme Court shall have 
ori^jiual jurisdiction. In all other cases before mentioned, the Supreme 
Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, v/ith such 
exceptions, and under such regulations, as the Congress shall make. 

The trial of all crimes, except in ca^es of impeachment, shall be by jury; 
and such trial shall be in the State where the said crime shall have been 
committed ; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be 
at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. 

Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war 
against them, or adhering to their enemies, giving thein aid and com- 
fort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony 
of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital or other infamous 
crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in 
cj.ses arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual 
service in time of war or public danger, nor shall any person be sub- 
ject, for the same offense, to be put twice in jeopardj'- of lite or limb ; nor 
shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself; 
nor to be deprived of life, libert3% or property, without due processof law ; 
nor shall private property betaken for public use without just compen- 
sation. 

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a 
speedy trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the 
crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been pre- 
viously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause 
of the' accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him ; to 
have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to 
have the assistance of counsel for his defense. 

In suits at common law, when the value in controversy shall exceed 
twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved ; and no 
fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the 
United States than according to the rules of ttie common iaw^ 



JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. 63 

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor 
cruel and unusual punishments be inflicted. 

Tlie judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to ex- 
tend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one 
of the United States by citizens' of another State, or by citizens or sub- 
jects of anj- foreign State. 

The j udges in every State shall be bound by the provisions of the 
Constitution of the United States, anything in the Constitution or laws 
of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. 

Under tliese provisions of the Constitution, the present judicial sj'stem 
of the United States has been built up under successive acts of Con- 
gress. The system embraces a 

2. /Supreme Court, which sits at the seat of Grovernment, exercising ap- 
pellate and supervisorv jurisdiction over the other tribunals, and in cer- 
tain eases over the courts of last resort of the several States, but having 
original jurisdiction in certain controversies to which States, public 
ministers, and the like are parties. 

3. Circuit Courts, where the States are grouped together in circuits, 
in each of which is held circuit courts, exercising an original jurisdic- 
tion at law and in equity, and an appellate jurisdiction over the district 
courts. 

4. District Courts, where each State forms one or more judicial dis- 
tricts, in each of which is a district court with jurisdiction in admiralty 
and maritime cases ; seizures under laws ot impost, navigation, and trade; 
suits for penalties and forfeitures under laws of Congress; crimes and 
offenses not capital; suits at common law where the United States sue, 
and suits against consuls and vice consuls for crimes not capital. 

5. Courts of the District of Columbia, and the Territories, and the 
court of claims. 



54 people's manual. 



CHAPTER XIII. 
THE SUPREME COURT. 



Organization and Terms. 

1. The Supreme Court of the United States consists of a chief justice 
and eight associates justices appointed by the President and confirmed 
by tlie Senate. The salary of the cliief justice is 110,500, and of the as- 
sociate justices $10,000 a year, to be paid monthly. The associate jus- 
tices have precedence according to the dates of their commissions, but 
when the commissions of two or more of them bear the same date, then 
according to their ages. In case of a vacancy in the office of chief jus- 
tice, or of his inability to perform the duties, they shall devolve on the 
associate j ustice first in precedence until the disaoility is removed, or a 
chief justice is appointed. 

The court appoints a clerk, a marshal, and a reporter of its decisions, 
The clerk has the custody of the seal, and records, and papers of the 
court, and is assisted in the discharge of his duties by one or more depu- 
ties appointed by the court at his request. The clerk is paid by fees, 
and his emoluments are said to be $25,000 a year. 

Tlie marshal serves and executes all process and orders of the court, or 
any justice, made in pursuance of law, and has charge of all property 
of the United States used by the court or its members, and, with the ap- 
proval of the chief justice, may appoint messengers to attend the court. 
He receives an annual salary of $3,500. 

The reporter must cause the decisions of the court to be published 
within eight months after they are rendered. He receives an annual 
salary of $2,500, and an additional sum of $1,500 for each year in which, 
by direction of the court, he causes a second volume of its decisions to 
be published. These decisions are sold at a price not exceeding five 
dollars per volume. 

The court holds one term annually, commencing on the first Monday 
in October, and such adjourned or special terms as it deems proper. 

Jurisdiction. 

2. The Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction of all civil cases 
where a State is a party, except between a State and its citizens, or be- 
tween a State and citizens of anotlier State, or aliens, in which case it 
has original but not exclusive jurisdiction. It has exclusive jurisdic- 
tion in suits against ambassadors, or other public ministers or their do- 
mestics, consistent with the law of nations ; and original but not exclu- 
sive jurisdiction in suits by ambassadors or other public ministers, or 
in which a consul or vice consul is a party. 

It has power to issue writs of prohibition in the district courts when 
they are proceeding as courts of admiralty or maritime jurisdiction; 
and writs of mandamus to any federal court, or any officer of the United 
States, when any State, ambassador, or other public minister, or consul 
or vice consul is a party. 

The trial of issues of fact in the Supreme Court in suits against citi- 
zens of the United States must be by jury. . 

The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction, as follows : 

By writ of error from final judgments of circuit courts, or district 
courts acting as circuit courts, when the matter in dispute exceeds two 
thousand dollars ; 



.TX'DICIAL, DEPARTMENT. 55 

By writ of error or appeal, as tlie case may be, in cases heard in any 
circuit court held by a justice of the Supreme Court and a circuit judge 
or district judge, or by a circuit judge and district judge, where the 
judges are divided in their opinion on an j-- question occurring on the 
trial, (this is the only method of bringing up a criminal case for re- 
view) 1 

B3' an appeal from a district court in a prize case, Aviiere the matter in 
dispute exceeds ?2,000, or where the judge certifies that it involves a 
question of general importance; 

Bj^ writ of error from the highest court of a State, where is drawn in 
question the validity of a treaty, or statute of, or an authority exercised 
under, the United fcstates, and the decision is against their validity ; or 
where is drawn in question the validitj^ of a statute of, or an authority 
exercised under, any State, on the ground of their being repugnant to 
the Constitution, treaties, or laws of the United States, and the decision 
is in favor of their validity ; or when any title, right, privilege, or im- 
munity is claimed under the Constitution, treaty, or statute of, or com- 
mission held, or authority exercised under, the United States, and the 
decision is against the title, right, privilege, or immunity, specially set 
up or claimed b}^ either party under such Constitution, treaty, statute, 
commission, or authority; 

And bj' writ of error, or a^jpeal, in such other cases as are specially 
provided by law. 

A writ of error or appeal, as the case may be, also lies to the Supreme 
Court from the Supreme Courts of the Territories, the Supreme Court 
of the District of Columbia, and the Court of Claims. 

Cases on writ of error to revise the judgment of a State court have 
precedence in the Supreme Court of all cases to which the Government 
is not a party, excepting only such cases as the court in its discretion 
may decide to be of public importance. 



56 people's MANtTALi 



CHAPTER XIV. 
CIRCUIT COTJIITS. 



Organization. 

1. The judicial districts of tlie United States are divided into nine 
circuits by Congress, as nearly equal in judicial labor as practicable. 
The chief justice and associate justices of the Supreme Court are 
allotted among these circuits, by an order of the court, one justice to 
each circuit. The justice allotted to a circuit is designated ilie " circuit 
justice" thereof. 

For each circuit there is appointed by the President, and confirmed 
by the Senate, a circuit judge, with the same power and jurisdiction as 
the circuit justice, but who must reside within the circuit. He receives 
a salary of |6,000, payable quarterly. 

Circuit courts are held in each district of the several circuits, and are 
called the circuit courts for the districts for which they are held. Eacli 
circuit justice must attend at least one term of the cn-cuit court in each 
district of the circuit to which he is allotted, during every period of 
two years. 

Circuit courts may be held by the circuit justice, by the circuit judge, 
or by the district judge of the district, sitting alone, or by any two of 
them, or by all three together. Cases may be heard and tried by each 
of the judges holding a circuit court, sitting apart, by direction of the 
presiding justice or judge, who shall designate the business to be done 
by each. Circuit courts may be held at the same time in the different 
districts of the same circuit. 

A district judge sitting in a circuit court cannot have a voice in giving 
a decision in any case of appeal or error from his own decision, but 
may assign his reasons for the decision. 

When all the judges of any circuit court are interested in any cause, 
or have been counsel therein, the cause may be removed to the next 
adjoining circuit for trial. And for proper reasons, the judge of one 
circuit may hold court in another. 

If by death, resignation, or otherwise, no justice is allotted to a cir- 
cuit, the Cliief Justice of the Supreme Court luay request any circuit 
justice to hold court in said circuit. 

A clerk shall be appointed for each circuit court, by the circuit judge 
thereof, except in cases where the law provides that the same person 
shall act as clerk of the circuit court and district court, when they shall 
be appointed by the circuit judge and district judges, as the law 
specially directs. 

Jurisdiction. 

2. The circuit court has original jurisdiction in the following cases: 
Suits in which an alien is a party, or' between citizens of different States ; 
suits in equity by the United States, involving more than $500; suits at 
common law"^by"'the United States, its officers, &g.; suits under duty 
laws, (except admiralty causes, and seizures, and suits for penalties and 
forfeitures,) internal revenue or postal laws; suits for penalties under 
laws regulating carriage of passengers in merchant ships; proceedings 
against property seized becavise employed in insurrection; suits under 

. slave-trade laws ; certain suits upon assignment of debentures for draw- 



JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. 57 

back ; suits under the patent or copyright laws ; suits by or against 
banking assooiatioiis; suits by banking associations to enjoin comp- 
troller of tlie currency or receiver; suits lor injuries done under rev- 
enue or election laws; certain suits to recover possession of an office ; 
certain proceedings for removal of officers; suits foj; pecuniary forfeit- 
ures under laws to enforce the elective franchise ; suits on account of 
injuries by conspirators in certain cases; or against persons knowing to 
such conspiracies; suits to enforce civil rights laws; certain proceed- 
ings for punishment of officers and owners of vessels througli whose 
negligence life is lost; and crimes cognizable under the laws of the 
United States, except when otherwise specially provided ; and concur- 
rent jurisdiction with the district courts of crimes aiad offenses cogniz- 
able therein. 

An appeal lies to tlie circuit court from the district court in all cases 
of equity or atlmiralty jurisdiction, except prize cases, Avhen the matter 
in dispute exceeds the sum of fifty dollars; and writs of error may be 
taken to tlie circuit court from tlie district court in all civil actions when 
the sum in dispute exceeds fifty dollars. 

A circuit court may affirm, modify, or reverse any judgment, decree, 
or order of a district court brought before it for review," or may direct 
such judgment, decree, or order to be rendered, or such further pro- 
ceedings to be had by the district court, as the justice of the case may 
require. All appeals or writs of error must be taken within one year. 

Cases in whicli it is improper for the district judge to sit, either civil 
or criminal, on account of interest, relationship, or other cause, may be 
removed into the circuit court and tried there. 

Certain suits in the State courts may be removed into the circuit court 
for trial, under limitations fixed by law, as where one of the parties is 
an alien, or the parties are citizens of dift'erent States, or defendant is a 
corporation organized under the Jaws of the United States, or defendant 
is denied any civil rights by tlie State, or is a revenue officer, (fee. 

Terms and Places for Holding Sessions. 

3. The terms and places for holding the circuit courts are fixed by 
law for each district. In most districts, but two terms are lieJd eacii year, 
but in some tiiere are three, in others four, and in a few districts even 
more than this. In the eastern district of Pennsylvania, two terms are 
held yearly, at Philadelphia, commencing on the first Mondays of April 
and October. In the western district of Pennsylvania, six terms are 
held, as follows: At Erie, second Mondaj^ of January and third Mon- 
day of July; at Pittsburgh, on the second Monday of May and third 
Monday of November ; at Williamsport, on the tliird Mondays of June 
and September. 

Provision is made for holding special sessions when necessary, esjjec- 
ially for the trial of criminal cases. 

The trial of issues of fact in the circuit courts is by jury, except in 
cases of equity and admiralt3^ and maritime jurisdiction; but issues of 
fact in civil cases ma}^ be tried and determined by the court, without 
the intervention of a jury, whenever the parties or their attorneys shall 
so agree in writing. 



58 - people's MANITAIi. 



CHAPTER XV. 
DISTRICT COURTS, 



Organization. 

1. The United States is divided into judicial districts by Congress* 
Twenty-one of the States form one district each, and tlie otliers are di- 
vided into two or more districts er ch. Pennsylvania is formed into two 
districts, the eastern and western. In each district (except in a few 
cases where the same j udge is aj^pointed for two or more districts) a 
district judge is appointed by the President and contirmed by the 
Senate. They must reside within the district for which they are ap- 
pointed, and receive an annual salary of |3,500, payable quarterly. 
(One district judge receives $5,000 a year, one $4,500, and a few others 
$4 000. Those for Pennsylvania receive |4,000.) 

One or more clerks are appointed in each district by the district judge 
to have charge of the seal, records, and papers belonging to the court. 
Deputy clerks may also be appointed by the judges, as necessity re- 
quires. The records of the court are kept at the place where the court 
holds its sessions; and, in districts where the court sitsat more than one 
place, at the point designated by the judge. 

Jurisdiction. 

2. The district courts have jurisdiction in the following cases: Crimes 
not capital, piracy, (when no circuit court is held in the district,) penal- 
ties and forfeitures, suitsby tlie United States or its otficers, lienson land 
for internal -re venue tax, forfeitures or damages arising under the laws 
relative to debts due by or to the United States, civil causes of admiralty 
and maritime j urisdiction and seizures, suits for condemnation of prop- 
erty used to promote insurrection, certain suits upon assignments of 
debentures for drawback, infringements on the civil-rights laws, in- 
fringement of rights secured by the Constitution or laws of the United 
States, certain suits to recover an office, certain proceedings hjquo ivar- 
ranto to remove from office, suits by or againts national banlis, suitsby 
aliens for torts contrary to the law of nations or to a treaty of the United 
States, suits against consuls or vice consuls, excejit for certain offenses, 
bankruptcy. 

The trial of issues of fact in the district courts, in all cases except cases 
in equity and cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, and except 
as otherwise provided in bankruptcy, must be by jury; but in certain 
admiralty and maritime cases, either party may demand and secure a 
jury trial. 

In cases of necessity, the judge of one district nia3^ be sent by his cir- 
cuit justice or circuit judge' to hold court in another district; either on 
account of the disability of such judge or the accumulation or urgency 
of business in the district. 

General Provisions. 

3. The courts of the United States have exclusive jurisdiction in the 
following cases : 

F'irst,~0( all offenses cognizable under the authority of the United 
States. 



JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. 59 

Second. — Of all suits for penalties aud forfeitures incurred under the 
laws of the United States. 

Third. — Of all civil causes of admiralty and: maritime jurisdiction; 
saving to suitors, in all cases, the right of a comnion law remedy, when 
the conmion law is competent to give it. 

Fourth. — Of all seizures under the laws of the United States, on land 
and on waters not within admiralty and maritime jurisdiction. 

Fifth.- Of all cases arising under the patent-right and copy-right laws 
of the United States. 

Sixth— Of all matters and proceedings in bankruptcy. 

Seventh— Oi all controversies of a civil nature, when a State is a party, 
excei:)t between a State and its citizens, or between a State and citizens 
of another State or aliens. 

Eifihth — Of all suits or proceedings against an:; bassadors, or other pub- 
lic ministers, or their domestics or douiestic servants, or against consuls 
or vice consuls. 

4. Following "fs the oath prescribed for justices of the Supreme Court, 

circuit judges, and district judges : "I, , do solemnly swear (or 

alHrm) that I AvUl administer justice without respect to persons, and do 
equal right to the poor and the rich, and that I will i'aithfuUy and im- 
partially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent on me as 

, according to the best of my ability and understanding, agree- 

al)lv to the Constitution and laws of the United States. So help me 
God." 

5. If any judge of any United States court resigns after having held his 
commission as such for ten years, and having attained the age of seventy 
j'ears, he shall receive during his natural life the same salary he was re- 
ceiving at the date of his resignation. 

District Attorneys, Marshals, and Jurors. 

6. A district attorney is appointed by the President in each judicial 
district (except whdre the law provides that one district attorney shall 
act for two districts) for a term of four years, whose duty it is to prose- 
cute in his district, both in the circuit court and district court, all delin- 
quents for crimes and oflfenses under the authority of the United States, 
and all civil actions in which the United States is concerned ; and, un- 
less otherwise directed by the Secretary of the Treasury, to appear in 
behalf of the defendants In all suits or proceedings pending in his dis- 
trict against collectors or other revenue officers, for any official act done 
by them or for the recovery of any money collected by them and paid 
into the treasury. Tiiey are required to mal^e certain reports, and dis- 
cliarge certain other duties relative to the collection of revenues. They 
are compensated bv certain fees and a salary of $200 a year. 

The President also appoints a marshal for each judicial district (ex- 
cejit when the same marshal acts lor two districts) ibr a term of four 
years, whose duty it is to serve and execute all processes and orders is- 
suing from the circuit aud district courts of his district, and obey all di- 
rections and instructions f)f such courts. They are compensated by cer- 
tain fees and a salary of §200 a year. 

Each marshal may appoint one or more deputies, removable at the 
pleasure of the circuit or district judges, and such deputies for tempo- 
rary service as vnay be necessary. The marshal disburses all monej's 
appropriated by law for the payment of jurors, witnesses, &c., in the 
district, and receives and pays over all moneys collected by legal pro- 
cess issuing out of the courts of his district. Their duties are varied and 
important. The marshal, and his deputies, execute all processes from 
the district and circuit courts. 

Juries and Jurors. 

7. United States juries for circuit courts and district courts are of 
two kinds — grand and traverse. They are selected by two commis- 



60 people's manual. 

sioners in each judicial district, and must have the same qnalifiGatiohg 
and are subject to the same exemptions, as jurors of the liigliest court 
of law in tlie State in wliich they reside. Grand juries consist of not 
less tiian sixteen nor more tlian twenty-three persons; traverse juries 
of twelve. No person can be summoned as a juror oftener than once 
in two years. They are summoned by the marshal, eitlier personally or 
by notice sent through the mails. They receive two dollars per day, and 
mileage from their homes to the place of holding the court and return, 
at the rate of ten cents a mile, direct. 



JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. 61 



CHAPTER XVI- 

COUET OF CLAIMS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, AND 
THE TERRITORIES. 



Court of Claims. 

1. Tlie court of claims coosists of a Chief Justice and four judges, ap- 
pointed by tlie President and confirmed by tlie Seuaie. Tliey liold 
tlieir olfice during good beliavior, and receive an annual salary of §4,600. 

The court holds one session annually, commencing on the first Mon- 
day of December, (the day on which Congress meets,) and continuing 
as long as may be necessary for the prompt disposition of the business 
that may he brought before it. It appoii^ts a chief clerk and assistant 
clerk, a baililf, and a messenger, for the proper discharge of its duties. 
The chief clerk is paid §3,000 a .year, the assistant clerk ^2,000, the bailiff 
$1,500, and the messenger gSOO.' 

The court of claims has jurisdiction to hear and determine the follow- 
ing matters : 

2. Firs'. — All claims against the United States founded on any act of 
Congress, or regulation of an Executive Dejiartment, or on any contract 
with the Government, express or implied, and claims referred to it by 
either House of C;ongress. 

3. Second. — All set-offs, counter claims, claims for damages liquidated 
or unliquidatecl, or other demand whatsoever on the part of the Gov- 
ernment against those making claims in said court. 

4. Third. — The claim of any paymaster, quartermaster, commissary 
of subsistence, or other disbursing officer of the United States, or of his 
administrators or executors, for relief from responsibility on account of 
capture or otherwise, while in the line of his duty, of government 
funds, vouchers, records, or papers in his charge, or for which he is 
responsible. 

5. Fourth. — Of all claims for the proceeds of abandoned property, 
under the acts of March 12, 1863, and July 2, 1864. 

The jurisdiction and method of procedure in this court are special, 
peculiar, and interesting. Matteis are usually brought before it by 
petition, or by reference from Congress, one of the executive dejDart- 
ments, or an auditing officer of the Government. 

No claimant or person from or through whom a claim or right is de- 
rived, nor any one interested in any such claim, right, or title, can be a 
witness in supporting the claim, except at the instance of the solicitor 
or attorney of the United States. 

All petitions and bills presented in Congress, asking or providing for 
the satisfaction of any private claim against the Government, founded 
on an}'' law of Congress, or regulation of any executive department, or 
contract expressed or imjDlied with the Government, unless otlierwise 
ordered by the House in which presented, are sent to the Court of 
Claims; and favorably acted on by the court, are afterwards returned 
to Congress and passed as other bills. 

All claims cognizable by this court are forever barred unless pre- 
sented within six years from the date when they accrue, with certain 
limitations in cases of married Avomen, minors, lunatics, idiots, and per- 
sons beyond the se-is. 

Appeals from the decisions of the court are taken to the Supreme 
Court of the United States, 



62 PEOPLE'S MANUAL. 

On the first day of every regular session of Congress, the clerJs of this 
court transmits to Congress a compiete statement of ail the judgments, 
decrees, &c., rendered by the court during the previous year, giving 
the amount of each one, and the name of the party in whose favor ren- 
dered. And at the end of every term of the court, he sends a copy of 
its decisions to the heads of the several executive departments, solicitor, 
comptrollers, and auditors of the Treasury, and to other officers charged 
with the adjustment of claims agamst the Government, for their infor- 
mation and guidance in the discharge of their duties. 

Courts of the District of Columbia and ol the Territories. 

6. The courts of the District of Columbia and of the Territories are 
federal courts, organized under the authority of the General Govern- 
ment, and subject to laws of the United States applicable thereto. An 
appeal or writ of error, as the case may be, lies from the supreme court 
of each to the Supreme Court of the United States. 

The general plan of the courts in the Territories is as follows: A su- 
preme court is organized in each, with three judges appointed by the 
President ; a clerk, appointed by the court, an attorney for the United 
States, and a marshal. The judges receive a salary of |3,500 each, and 
the clerk, attorney, and marshal are compensated by fees, and, in addi- 
tion, a small annual salary. 

Each Territory is divided'into three judicial districts, in each of which 
a district court is held by one of the judges of the Supreme Court, at the 
times and places prescribed by law. The supreme judge must reside 
in the district to which he is assigned. 

When courts are organized in any county, they are held by the judge 
of the district in which the county is located. 

The district courts correspond to the district courts of the United 
States throughout the States, and the Supreme Court to the circuit 
courts, very largely. Appeals and writs of error lie to the Supreme 
Court of the Territorv from the district courts. 

The supreme court of the District of Columbia, consists of a chief 
justice, at a salary of $4,500, and five associate judges at a salary of $4,000 
each ; a clerk, district attorney, marshal, and register of wills, all paid 
by fees ; besides deputy clerks, deputy marshals, etc. 



PART SECOIS^D 



Government of Pennsylvania. 



(68) 




(64) 



LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 65 



LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 



CHAPTER XVII. 
THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. 



Where Legislative Power Vested — Number op Members — 
Formation of District — Senatorial and Representative 
Ratio. 

1. The legislative power of the Commonwealth is vested in a General 
Assembly, consisting of a Senate and House of Representatives. The 
Senate is composed of fifty members, and the House of Representatives 
of two hundred, more or less. For the purpose of electing Senators, 
the State is divided into fifty districts. The Representatives are appor- 
tioned among the several counties according to population. 

2. The Senatorial ratio is obtained by dividing the population of the 
State, according to the last United States census, by fifty. Each county 
having one or more full ratios of population, shall have a Senator for 
each ratio, and an additional Senator for a surplus of population ex- 
ceeding three fifths of a ratio. A county having four fifths of a ratio, 
but less than a full ratio, shall form a separate Senatorial district ; and 
where each adjoining county is entitled to one or more Senators, a 
county may be allowed a Senator on a population exceeding half a 
ratio. The number of Senators cannot exceed fifty. No county or city 
can have more than eight Senators, nor can a county be divided iia 
forming a Senatorial district, unless it is entitled to two or more Sena- 
tors; and in such division, no ward, borough, or township can be 
divided. Districts composed of more than one county must be formed 
of compact and contiguous territory, and be as nearly equal in popula- 
tion as possible. 

3. The Representative ratio is obtained by dividing the population of 
the State, according to the last United States census, by two hundred. 
A county having five or more ratios of population has a^Representative 
for every full ratio. A county having less than five full ratios, has a 
Representative for each full ratio, and an additional one for a surplus 
exceeding half a ratio. Cities containing a population equal to or ex- 
ceeding a full ratio, elect Representatives separately. Counties with 
more than a hundred thousand inhabitants, and cities electing more 
than four Representatives, must be divided into districts, but no such 
district can elect more than four Representatives. 

4. The Legislature must apportion the State into Senatorial and Rep- 
resentative districts at its first session after each decennial census of the 
United States. 

Q,ualificatoiu8, Term, and Time of Election of Senators and 
Representatives. 

5. Senators must be twentj^-four, and Representatives twenty-one, 
years of age ; must have been citizens and inhabitants of the State four 
years, and inhabitants of their respective districts, one year next before 
their election, (unless absent on the public business of the State or the 

5 



66 people's manual. 

United States,) and must reside in their districts during tlieir term of 
service. Senators are elected for four, and Rei^resentatives for two 
years, and are always chosen in even-numbered years, as 1884, 1886, &c. 
Half the Senators and all the Representatives are chosen every second 
year. Whenever a vacancy occurs in either House, the presiding officer 
thereof issues a writ of election to fill the vacancy for the unexpired 
term, directed to the sheriff of the proper county or counties. 

6. No Senator or Representative can be appointed to any civil (Office 
under the State, and no member of Cougress, or other person holding 
any office under the State or the United Slates, except attorne3' at-law 
or in the militia, can be a member of the Legislature, nor is any person 
convicted of embezzlement, bribery, perjury, or other infamous crime, 
eligible to a seat in either House. 

Duties, Powers, and Privileges of the Jjegislature and its 
Meml)ers. 

7. At the commencement and close of each session, and at such other 
times as may be necessary, the Senate elects one of its members Presi- 
dent pro tempore, who, in the absence or disability of tlae Lieutenant 
Governor, performs the duties of that officer. The House of Repre- 
sentatives elects one of its members as speaker, and eacli House chooses 
its own officers, and is the judge of the election and qualification *f its 
own members. A majority of each House is a quorum for business, but 
a smaller number can adjourn from day to day, and compel the attend- 
ance of absent members. All sessions are open, except when the bu>i- 
ness is such as should be kept secret. Neither House can adjourn for 
more than three days without the consent of the other, nor to any other 
place than its regular place of meeting. Each House makes its own 
rules, punishes its own members or other persons for contempt or dis- 
orderly behavior in its presence enforces obedience to its process, pro- 
tects its members against violence, bribes, or private solicitations, and 
may expel a member by a two-thirds vote. A member expelled for 
corruption cannot again become a member of either House. 

8. The Senate confirms the Governor's nominations from time to time. 
"When acting on executive nominations, it sits with open door.s, and all 
votes must be by yeas and nays, and be recorded on the journal. Two 
thirds of all the Senators must vote in the affirmative to confirm a nomi- 
nation made by the Governor. 

9. The Legislature meets on the second Tuesday of January of every 
second year, (odd-numbered years,) and at other times when convened 
by the Governor. Before entering on their duties, every member must 
take the oath prescribed in section one of article seven of tlie Constitu- 
tion, to be administered bj^ a law judge. 

Both Houses must keep a journal of their proceedings, and publish 
the same from time to time, except such portions as require secrec}'. 
Members are privileged from arrest in all cases, except treason, felony, 
violation of their oath of office, and breach and surety of the peace dur- 
ing their attendance at their respective House, and in going to and re- 
turning therefrom, and for any speech or debate in either House cannot 
be questioned elsewhere. 

Manner of IvCg'islation. 

10. All laws must be passed by bill, and no bill save the appropriation 
bill can contain more than one subject, to be clearlj^ expressed in its 
title. The purpose of a bill cannot be changed during its passage. Each 
bill must be referred to a committee, be reported therefrom, and printed 
for the use of the members before it can be considered. It must be read 
at length on three different days in each house, and on its final passage 
must receive the affirmative votes of a majority of all the members 
elected to each House, the yeas and nays being entered in the journals. 



LKUISLATIVK DEPARTMENT. 67 

Amendments made by either House must be concurred in by a majority 
or all the members of tlie other, on a call of the yeas and iiays, and re- 
ports of conference committees must be adopted by a majority of the 
members of each House, votiufj; by yeas and na^-s. All bills for raising 
revenue must originate in the House of Representatives, but the Senate 
may amend such bills. All bills and resolutions passed must be signed 
Dy'the presiding officer of each House, in its presence, after the titles 
have been publicly read, and the fact of signing must be entered on the 
journals. 

11. After having passed both Houses, every bill must be presented to the 
Governor for approval or disapproval. If approved by him, it becomes 
a law at once ; if he disapprove, he must return it to the House where 
it originated, with his objections. A bill disapproved by the Governor 
mav become a law by receiving the affirmative votes of two thirds of all 
the'niembers elected to each House, on a call of the yeas and nays, the 
votes l>eing recorded in the journals. If the Governor does not approve 
a bill and fails to return it to tlie House whence it originated within ten 
days after being presented to him, it becomes a law the same as if signed 
by him, unless the Legislature adjourns in the meantime. In this case, 
it' becomes a law unless he files it, with his objections, in the Secretary 
of the Commonwealth's office, and gives notice thereof, by proclama- 
tion, within thirty da;^s after such adjournment. 

The Governor may disapprove anj' item in an appropriation bill, when 
there are several distinct items, and such item or items are void unless 
repassed according to the rules laid down in the Constitution for passing 
bills over the Governor's veto. Every resolution, order, or vote to 
wliich the assent of both Houses is necessary, except adjournment, 
must be approved bj' the Governor before it is effective ; or, if disap- 
proved by him, be repassed by the votes of two thirds of all the mem- 
bers elected to each House. 

12. No member can vote on any bill in which he has a personal or 
private interest. 

Liimitations ou liC^islation. 

13. The Legislature cannot pass a local or special bill unless notice 
thereof has been published in the locality to be effected at least thirty 
daj^s prior to the introduction of the bill, iior until evidence of the pub- 
lication has been furnished ; and no local or special law whatever can 
be passed in any of the following cases : Granting divorces; fixing the 
rate of interest; exempting property from taxation; vacating roads, 
town plats, streets, or alleys; changing the names of persons and places; 
changing the law of descent or succession : changing the venue in civil 
or criminal cases; regulating trade, labor, minmg, or manufacturing; 
authorizing the adoption or legitimation of children ; authorizing the 
creation, extension, or impairing of liens: relating to cemeteries, grave- 
yards, or public grounds not of the State ; incorporating cities, towns, 
or villages, or changing their charters: creating corporations, or an- 
nulling, renewing, or extending the charters thereof; locating or chang- 
ing county seats, erecting new counties, or changing county lines ; open- 
ing and conducting elections, or fixing or changing the place of voting; 
regulating the affairs of countie.s, cities, townships, wards, boroughs, or 
school-districts; remitting tines, penalties, forfeitures, or refunding 
nionej'^ legally paid into tlae treasury; erecting new townships or bor- 
oughs, changing township or borough lines, or school-districts; author- 
izing the laying out, opening, altering, or maintaining road.s, highways, 
streets, or alleys; regulating the management of public schools, build- 
ing and repairing school-houses, and raising money therefor ; regulating 
the fees, or extending the powers and duties of aldermen, justices of 
the peace, magistrate;?, or constables; creating offices, or prescribing the 
powers and duties of officers in counties, cities, boroughs townships, 
election or school-districts; affecting the estates of minors or persons 



68 PEOPLE'S MANUAL. 

under disability, except after due notice to all parties in interest, to be 
recited iu the special enactment ; relating to ferries or bridges, or incor- 
porating ferry ur bridge companies, except for the erection of bridges 
crossing streams which form the boundary between this and other 
States; granting to any corporation, association, or individual, any 
special or exclusive privilege or immunity, or to any corporation, as- 
sociation, or individual the right to lay down a railroad track ; nor shall 
the Legislature indirectly enact such special or local law by the partial 
repeal of a general law, but laws repealing local or special acts may be 
passed ; nor shall any law be passed granting powers or privileges in 
any case where the granting of such powers and privileges has been 
provided for by general law, nor where the courts have jurisdiction to 
grant the same, or give the relief asked for. 

14. No law can extend the term of any public officer, or change his 
salary or emoluments, alter his election or appointment, nor can any 
bill be passed giving extra compensation to any public officer, servant, 
employe, agent, or contractor after service has been rendered or con- 
tract made, nor providing for paying any claims against the State with- 
out previous autliority of law. 

15. No appropriation can be made to any charitable or educational 
institution not under the absolute control of the State, otlier than Nor- 
mal schools, except by a two-thirds vote of both Houses, and no appro- 
priations, except for pensions and gratuities for military services, can 
be made for charitable, educational, or benevolent purposes, to any per- 
son or community, nor to any denominational or sectarian institution, 
corporation, or association, except that appropriations may be made to 
institutions in which the widows and orphans of soldiers are supported, 
to be applied exclusively to the support of such widows and orphans. 

16. Tlie Legislature cannot delegate to any special commission, pri- 
vate corporation, or association, any power to make, supervise, or inter- 
fere with any municipal improvement, money, property, or effects, 
whether held in trust or otherwise, or to levy taxes, or perform any 
municipal functions whatever. 

17. No act of assembly can limit the sum to be recovered for injuries 
resulting in death, or for injuries to personal property, or limit the 
time in which suit may be brought against corporations for injuries to 
persons or propertj^ In case of death from injuries, the right of action 
shall survive, and the Legislature shall prescribe for whose benefit it 

_shall be prosecuted. 

18. No act of assembly can exchange, transfer, remit, postpone, or iu 
any way diminish, any obligation or liability of any railroad or other 
corporation, held or owned by the State, nor can such obligation be 
released except by payment into the State Treasury. 

19. No act of assembly can authorize the investment of trust funds by 
executors, administrators, or guardians, or other trustees in the securi- 
ties of any private corporations. 

20. The Legislature has no power to change the venue in any civil or 
criminal case, such power being vested in the courts. 

21. No law can be passed creating or continuing any State officer for 
inspecting or measuring anj^ merchandise, manufacture, or commodity. 

22. No ex post facto law, nor any law impairing the obligation of con- 
tracts, or making irrevocable any grant or special privileges or immu- 
nities, can be passed, nor can any person be attainted of treason or felony 
bv the Legislature. Neither can the Legislature grant any title of no- 
bility or hereditary distinction, or create any office the appointment 
to whicli shall be for a longer term than good behavior. 

23. When the Legislature is convened in special session by the Gov- 
ernor, it can only legislate upon those subjects designated in the pro- 
clamation calling such session. 

24. No law that mav be passed changing the location of the capital of 
the State shall be of any validity until it has been submitted to the voters 
of the State, and ratified by them. 



LEGISLATIVE DEtAftTMlJNT. 69 

^5. The general appropriation bill can embrace nothing but appro- 
priations lor tlie ordinary expenses of the legislative, executive, and 
.iudicial departments of the State government, the interest on the pub- 
lic debt, and !or public schools. AH otlier appropriations must be made 
by separate bills, each bill embracing but one subject. 

Bribery and Corrupt Solicitation. 

26. Any member of the Legislature wlio shall solicit, demand, receive, 
or consent to receive, directly or indirectly, for himself or for another, 
from any company, corporation, or individual, any mone3', office, ap- 
pointment, employment, testimonial, reward, thing of value or enjoy- 
ment, or of personal advantage, or promise tliereof for his vote or offi- 
cial influence, or for withliolding tlie same, or with an understanding, 
express or implied, tiiat his vote or official action shall be in any way in- 
fluenced thereby, or who shall solicit or demand any such money or 
other advantageli matter, or thing aforesaid for another, as the considera- 
tion of his vote or official influence, or for withholding the same, or 
shall give or withhold his vote or influence in consideration of the pay- 
ment or promise of sach monej^, advantage, matter, or thing to anotiier, 
shall be guilt\' of bribery, and, on conviction, be ineligible to the Legis- 
Jatiare, and be incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under 
the laws of the State. 

27. Any person who sliall, directly or indirectly, give or promise any 
money or thing of value, testimonial, privilege, or personal advantage 
to any executive or judicial officer or member of the Legislature to in- 
fluence him in the performance of any of his public or official duties, 
shall be guilty of bribery, and, on conviction, shall be fined not exceed- 
ing §1,000, and be imprisoned not exceeding twoyears. 

Impeachment. 

28. The House of Representatives has the sole right to prefer articles 
of impeachtnent. Ail impeachments are tried by the Senate. When 
sitting for that purpose, Senators must be on oath or affirmation. The 
affirmative votes of two thirds of all the Senators present at the time 
the vote is taken is necessary to convict a person of any crime of which 
he has been impeached. The Governor and all other civil officers are 
liable to impeachment for any misdemeanor in office, but judgment 
in such cases cannot extend further than to removal from office, and 
disqualification to hold any office of trust or profit under the State. The 
accused, whether convicted or acquitted, is still liable to indictment, 
trial, judgment, and punisqment, according to law. 

Compeusation ot Members. 

2fl. The compensation of members of the Legislature is one thousand 
dollars for each regular session not exceeding one hundred days, and 
^ten dollars per daj' for everj^ day in excess of one hundred : Provided, 
such excess of time shall not exceed fifty days at any one session. The 
compensation for each adjourned or special session is ten dollars per 
day. Members receive one mileage for each session, whether regular 
or otherwise, at the rate of twenty cents per mile between their homes 
and the State capital, to be computed by tiie ordinary mail route. No 
member can receive, during the time lor which he is elected, any in- 
crease of salary or mileage under anj^ law passed during his term. 
The President p?-o tempore of the Senate and the Speaker ot the 
House receive one hundred dollars extra for each session. In addition, 
each Senator and Representative receives one hundred dollars' worth of 
postage stamps for each regular session, and fifty dollars for stationery 
for each regular session, and ten dollars for each extra session. 



70 i>eople's manual. 

OMcers, Mode of Appointment, and Salary, 

30. The ofiiicers of the Senate are a chief clerk, Joui-nal clerk, reading 
clerk, message clerk, two transcribing clerks, librarian, sergeant-at- 
arins and two assistants, doorkeeper and two assistants, messenger and 
assistant, postmaster, superintendent of folding-room, two janitors, two 
firemen, watchman, six pasters and folders, and ten pages. 

31. The officers of the House are a chief clerk, resident clerk, reading 
clerk, Journal clerk, message clerk, two transcribing clerks, sergeant- 
at-arms and four assistants, doorkeeper and three assistants, door- 
keeper for rotunda, messenger and three assistants, superintendent of 
folding-room, seven janitors, two liremen, one watchman, ten pasters 
and folders, and fifteen pages. Engineer of capitol building to be ap- 
pointed by the chief clerks of the two houses. 

32. The compensation of these officers is as follows for each regular 
session : Chief clerks, $2,500 ; resident clerk, $2,000 ; reading clerks and 
Journal clerks, |1,500 ; message clerks, $1,000. And in years in which 
special sessions only are held, they are paid ten dollars per day during 
such special session. 

33. Transcribing clei'ks, sergeants-at-arrns and assistants, librarian of 
Senate, postmasters and assistants, $800 each, and five dollars jier day 
for all extra sessions. 

34. Doorkeepers and assistants, messengers and assistants, post- 
masters, superintendents of folding-rooms, janitors, engineer, firemen, 
and pasters and folders, $600 each, and five dollars per day for all extra 
sessions, 

35. The watchmen receive three dollars per day during the whole 
year, and the pages two dollars per day at regular sessions, and one 
dollar per day for extra sessions. 

36. All except watchmen and pages receive mileage for each ses- 
sion, at twenty cents per mile for the distance between their homes 
and the State capital. 

37. The librarian, janitors, watchman, firemen, and pages of the 
Senate are appointed by the chief clerk, and the rest are elected by the 
Senate. 

38. The firemen and janitors of the House are appointed by the 
Speaker, the journal clerk, watchman, and pages by the chief clerk, 
and the rest are elected by the House. 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 71 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 



CHAPTER XVIII. 
GOVERNOR AND LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR. 



Constitutional Provisions. 

1. The supreme executive power of tbe State is vested in the Gover- 
nor, who must see that the laws are faithfully executed. He is elected 
by tlie qualitied voters of the State everj^ fourth 3 ear on the Tuesday 
after the first Mondaj' of November. The person receivinjr the highest 
number of votes becomes Governor, but if two or more are equal and 
highest in vote, one of them must be chosen Governor by a majority 
vote of the two Houses of the Legislature in joint session. His term of 
office begins on the third Tuesday of January following his election, and 
continues till his successor is qualified, but he is not eligible for the next 
term. No one is eligible to the office of Governor but a citizen of the 
United States, thirty-five years of age, who has been a resident of the 
State for seven j^ears immediately preceding his election, unless absent 
on the business" of the State or the United States. No person holding 
any federal office or any other State office can be Governor. 

2. He is commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the State, and 
of the militia, except when thej' are called into the service of the United 
States. 

3. With the advice and consent of two thirds of all the members of the 
Senate, he appoints a secretary of the Commonwealth, an attorney gen- 
eral, and an adjutant general at pleasure, a superintendent of public in- 
struction for four years, a commissioner of insurance for three years, a 
superintendent of public printing and binding for four years, a State 
liltrarian for three j^eais, and such other offices as the law directs. He 
fills all vacancies in offices to which he may appoint, when the vSenate 
is not in session, by giving commissions to expire at the end of its next 
session. He can till any vacancy that may happen in the offices of 
Auditor General, State Treasurer, or Secretary of Internal Aftairs dur- 
ing the recess of the Senate, as well as in a judicial office or other offices 
which he is authorized to fill. If the vacancy occurs while the Senate is 
in session, he must appoint before it adjourns. 

4. He can remit fines and forfeitures, and grant reprieves, connnuta- 
tions of sentence, and pardons, except in cases of impeachment ; but no 
pardon shall be granted nor sentence comnuited except on the written 
recommendation of at least three members of the Board of Pardons. He 
must sign all death wan-ants of persons sentenced to be hanged, and ap- 
points the day of execution. 

5. He may require information in writing from the heads of the sev- 
eral offices of the State government on subjects relating to their re- 
spective offices; and may, from time to time, give to the Legislature 
information of the state of the Commonwealth, making such recom- 
mendations as he may deem proper. These communications are called 
the ''Governor's messages." On extraordinary occasions, he may con- 
vene the Legislature in extra session, and, in the event of a disagree- 
ment between the two Houses as to the time of adjournment, may ad- 



72 people's manual. 

journ them to a daj^ fixed not later than four months. He may con- 
vene the Senate in extraordinary session by proclamation for executive 
business. He can veto any bill or resolution passed by the Legislature, 
or any item in an appropriation act containing more than one item, 
under the restrictions mentioned in the chapter on the Legislature under 
the head, "Manner of Legislation." 

6. Contested elections of Governor and Lieutenant-Grovernor are de- 
termined by a committee of four Senators and nine Representatives, 
chosen by lot, as directed in the act of 1874. The chief justice of the 
Supreme Court must preside at such trial, and decide on the legality of 
all evidence offered and questions of law involved. 

liCgislative Provisions. 

7. The returns of the election for Governor, by counties, are handed 
to the President of the Senate by the Secretary of the Commonwealth, 
and by him opened in the presence of both Houses of the Legislature, 
in the hall of the House of Representatives, on a day fixed by them, 
between the day on which the Legislature meets and the third Wednes- 
day of January, when the Governor is inaugurated. At this joint meet- 
ing the vote of the State for Governor is counted, and the result de- 
clared. 

8. The Governor commissions all State ofiicers, whether elected or 
appointed, except Lieutenant-Governor and members and officers of 
the Legislature, all judges, magistrates, and justices of the peace, all 
county officers requiring commissions, notaries public, commissioners 
of deeds, officers in the National Guard, and such others as the law may 
direct. 

9. Upon receipt of the returns of the election of members of Congress, 
he publishes a proclamation in one or more newspapers, reciting the 
names of the persons who seem to be elected, and immediately there- 
after transmits the returns to the House of Representatives of the"^ United 
States. On receipt of the returns of the election of electors of President 
and Vice President, he enumerates the votes cast for each one, and pub- 
lishes a proclamation in one or more newspapers, setting forth the 
names of the electors chosen, and causes a notice of his election to be 
sent to each elector on or before the last Wednesday of the month in 
which the election occurs. He causes three lists of the electors to be 
made, certified, and delivered to them on or before the da.y on which 
they meet to cast the electoral vote of the state for President and Vice 
President. As soou as the result of any election for supreme j udges has 
been determined according to law, he publishes a proclamation in one 
or more newspapers, reciting the names of the persons elected. 

10. He approves the charters of all corporations for profit, created 
under the general corporation act of 1874 and its supplements, the 
charters of insurance companies created under the act of 1876 and its 
supplements, and issues letters-patent to corporations for profit formed 
under the laws of the State. On the failure of railroad and canal com- 
panies to elect officers according to the act of 1847, he may appoint 
directors for them. He must sign all patents for lan.ds issued in the 
name of the State. He lias prepared all standards of weights, measures, 
and capacity, and carries into effect all provi.sionsof law relative thereto. 

11. He issues warrants on the State Treasurer for all money appro- 
priated by the Legislature for the erection and maintenance of peni- 
tentiaries, hospitals for the insane, and houses of refuge, and for money 
appropriated to charitable and benevolent institutions, and for such 
other purposes as the law may direct. In case of a disagreement be- 
tween the Auditor General and State Treasurer relative to the settle- 
ment of any account, the whole matter is referred to the Governor, 
whose decision is final. 

12. In case of a rebellion, or of an actual or threatened invasion of the 
State, he may call the militia into actual service, but not for a longer 



Executive DEPAKTjiiiNT. 73 

period than three rn'onths at any one time on liis own authority. In 
cases of emergency, to supplj- the militia thns called oixt, he may draw 
his warrant on the State Treasurer for such sums of money as maj^ be 
actually necessary, and use the same as the exigencies of the case may 
require. 

13. He issues letters-patent to towns and boroughs, erecting them into 
cities under the act of 1874 and its supplements, and issues certiticates 
to cities accepting the provisions of said ace. 

14. In connection with the Secretary of the Commonwealth and the 
Secretary of Internal Affairs, he considers all applications for the erec- 
tion of liew counties, and any two of them may appoint commissioners 
to report concerning the same. Ou the report of the commissioners, if 
favorable, the Governor orders an election by the voters of the proposed 
new covmty, and on its formation appoints and commissions its tirst 
officers. 

In, In case of a person charged with crime, and who has fled to an- 
other State or Territory, on sufficient proof he will issue a requisition 
on the Governor of the State or Territory where the fugitive is found, 
for his return to this State for trial. He also issues warrants for the 
arrest of fugitives from justice found iu this State, on the requisition 
of other Governors. 

16. In cases of prisoners confined in the penitentiaries and countj^ 
jails allowed a deduction on their terms of sentence for good behavior, 
he issues orders reciting the time to be deducted, and directing their 
discharge. 

17. Records and instruments of writing intended for use in other 
States, and in foreign countries, are authenticated by him, under the 
seal of the State. 

18. He cannot be a bank director, but is one of the visitors of the 
Philadelphia prisons, and of the State penitentiaries, and lunatic hos- 
pitals. He is a member of the State Board of Agriculture, and one of 
the commissioners of the public grounds and buildings. 

liieutenaut Governor. 

19. There is elected at the same time with the Governor, and for the 
same term, a Lieutenant Governor, who must have the same qualifica- 
tions as the Governor. He presides over the Senate, but has no vote 
unless it be equall}^ divided on some question. In case of the death, 
conviction on impeachment, failure to qualifj^ resignation, or other dis- 
ability of the Governor, the duties, powersj^ and emoluments of that 
office" devolve upon the Lieutenant Governor for the remainder of the 
term, or till the disability is removed. 

20. Iu case of a vacancy in the office of Lieutenant Governor, or when 
he shall be impeached or unable to discharge the duties of his office, 
the duties, powers, and emoluments thereof shall devolve on the Presi- 
dent pro tempore of the Senate for the remainder of the term, or till 
the disability is removed. And the President p?-o tempore of the Senate 
shall become Governor if a vacancy occurs in that office while he is 
serving as Lieiitenant Governor, in Avhich case his seat as Senator 
becomes vacant. 

Employees iu the Executive Office. 

21. There are five officers and employes in the executive office proper, 
in addition to the Governor and Lieutenant Governor, as follows: 

22. J^rivate secretary, whose duties, among others are to have charge 
of the correspondence and clerical work of the office, conducting the 
correspondence as directed by the Governor. He receives and dis- 
burses tlie money appropriated for the incidental exj^ensesof the office, 
and he is recorder of the Board of Pardons. 

23. Executive clerk, who has charge of the correspondence relative 



74 people's manual. 

to appointments to of3Bce, and performs the general clerical work of the 
office, under the direction of the Governor and private secretary. He 
is clerk of the Board of Pardons, and as such receives and disburses the 
money appropriated for its incidental expenses, filing vouchers therefor 
in the Auditor General's office quarterly. 

24. The other employgs are a messenger, a night watchman, and a 
page. 

Salaries.— Governor, $10 000; Lieutenant Governor, $3,000; private 
secretary, |2,500 ; executive clerk, $1,500; messenger, $1,200; night 
watchman, $900; page, $300. The annual allowance for postage and in- 
cidental expenses of the office is $^,000. 



EXECUTIVE BEPARIMENT. 75 



CHAPTER XIX. 
SECRETARY OF THE COMMONWEALTH'S OFFICE. 



Appoiutineut and General Duties. 

1. The Secretary of the Commonwealth is appointed by the Governor 
during his pleasure, and contirmed by the Senate. He must take the 
oath prescribed in section one of article seventeen of the Constitution, 
and give a Ijond to the Governor, for tlie use of the State, for the proper 
discharge of his official duties, in the sum of one thousand pounds. 
(A pound is $2.66.) He is a member of the board of pardons, board 
of sinking land commissioners, board of revenue commissioners, 
board of property, and a visitor of the Philadelphia prisons and State 
penitentiaries. 

2. His duties are intimately connected with those of the Governor, as 
nearly all the official transactions of the Executive pass through his 
hands or office. He keeps a record of all the Governor's official acts, 
and, when lequired, laj^s them before the Legislature, with all the 
papers relating thereto. He has a deputy appointed by himself, with 
the approbation of the Governor, removable at his pleasure. He is the 
keeper of the great and less seals of the State, and has them affixed re- 
spectively to all instruments requiring tlie attestation of the Governor's 
signature. Ho collects, and pays over to the State Treasurer quarterly, 
all fees paid into his office belonging to the State, filing in the Auditor 
General's office a statement of the same. 

3. The official bonds of all State officers, and all bonds and recogni- 
zances directed by law to be given to the State for tlie faithful discharge 
of any office, commission, or public trust, or contract, are tiled in this 
office, and copies thereof, under his hand and seal, are evidence against 
the parties thereto, their heirs, executors, etc. 

4. All the books, papers, accounts, and records of his office are open 
to the inspection of botii branches of the Legislature, and he must fur- 
nish such copies or abstracts therefrom as may be legally required from 
time to time. 

His Duties Relative to the Tiaws. 

5. All the records in the office of the Master of the Rolls relating to 
.tlie enrollment of the laws and other acts of the Legislature were di- 
rected to be turned over to this office, and all tlie powers and duties of 
tiiat officer relating thereto are now performed under his direction. All 
the acts and resolutions passed by the Legislature, after being approved 
by tlie Governor, are recorded in this office, and tlie Secretary must 
furnish to the Superintendent of Public Printing and Binding, for pub- 
lication, an accurate copy of all sucli passed at each session, prepared 
as directed by law ; and, after they are i)rinted and bound, he distri- 
butes them as the law directs. 

Duties Relative to Cliarters of Corporations. 

6. All charters of corporations, and amendments thereto, for literary, 
charitable, or religious purposes, created by the Supreme Court, as well 
as those created for manufacturing iron, are enrolled in this office. 



?(3 People's MANUAli. 

He performs generally all duties relative to the formation of corpora- 
tions created by the State, under the various acts of assembly relative 
thereto, and all duties relative to the extension of the charter's thereof, 
their increase or decrease of capital, merger, consolidation, sale of fran- 
chises, &c., as directed by law ; and the charters, articles of association, 
and all papers relating to the formation and modification of such cor- 
porations must be filed in this office. 

7. Before foreign corporations can do business in the State, they must 
file in this office a statement showing their title, object, location, and 
the names of their agents. 

8. Railroads, canals, and other transportation companies existing Jan- 
uary 1, 1874, desiring to accept the provisions of article seventeen of the 
State Constitution, must file in this office the certificates required by 
law, and when the same are recorded by the Secretary, they shall have 
the privileges and be subject to the restrictions of that article; and 
street passenger railway companies must file here an acceptance of the 
provisions of article sixteen of the Constitution before they can benefit 
by the act allowing an extension of their lines, 

9. Purchasers at a judicial sale of the franchises of any corporation, 
before using the same, or claiming or using the benefits of the law re- 
lating to the sale of railroads, canals, turnpilies, bridges, and plan]£ 
roads, must file in this office their acceptance of the provisions of article 
sixteen of the Constitution, 

10. All decrees of courts of common pleas, accepting the surrender of 
any power in any charter of a corporation, or dissolving any corpora- 
tion, is inoperative until a certificate thereof is filed in this office. 

Duties Relative to Election Returns. 

11. All returns of elections for Governor, Lieutenant (iovernor, Au- 
ditor General, State Treasurer, and Secretary of Internal Affairs must 
be sent to this office, from each county, and be delivered to the Presi- 
dent of the Senate within five days after the meeting of the Legislature. 
All returns of the election of Senators and Representatives are sent to 
the Secretary of the Commonwealth, and on the day the Legislature 
meets he delivers them to the proper Houses, Returns of elections to 
fill vacancies in either House are delivered as soon as received. 

12. Returns of the election of Presidential Electors, members of Con- 
gress, and county officers commissioned by the Governor, are sent to this 
office, and the Secretary lays them before the Governor, as also the re- 
turns of all elections forjudges of the several courts. 

13. The returns of elections of j astices of the peace and alderman, and 
certificates of their acceptance, are sent by prothonotaries to this office, 
and the Secretary causes commissions to' issue to them signed by the 
Governor. 

14. All election returns, required by law to be sent to the Secretary 
of the Commonwealth, must be sent by mail forthwith, and, if any re- 
turn is not received by him within fifteen days after it should be mailed, 
he notifies the proper prothonotary to send him at once a certified copy 
thereof. 

15. He countersigns the certificates of election of United States Sena- 
tors after they aresigned by the Governor. For his duties relative to 
elections by soldiers in the service of the United States, see laws of 1864. 

16. In cases of contested elections of Presidential Electors, State offi- 
cers, and law judges, a certified copy of the decision of the court trying 
the contest is filed in this office within five days after being rendered, 
that commissions may speedily issue, and decisions of courts trying 
contested elections of'members of the Legislature are filed here to be 
laid before the proper House by the Secretary at the opening of the 
session, or as soon thereafter as received. 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 77 

Miscellaneous Duties. 

17. He must lay before the Legislature all testimony received by him 
relative to complaints against justices of the peace. 

He furnishes seals for the courts and officers of the several counties, 
and for notaries public, and to the commissioners of counties, on appli- 
cation, copies of the standards of weights and measures— all at the cost 
of those furnislied. 

18. The Secretary and his deputy have power to administer oaths to 
all State officers and others in matters pertaining to the executive busi- 
ness of the State ; and the official oaths of all State officers and judges 
of the Supreme Court, and the oath, and description of seal, and signa- 
ture, of commissioners of other States and Territories and foreign coun- 
ties to take acknowledgments are tiled here. 

19. For his duties in relation to letting contracts for furnisliing sup- 
plies for the Legislature and departments, and distributing the laws, 
department reports, ifcc, see chapter on ''Expenses of Government;" 
and relative to awarding the public printing and binding, and publish- 
ing the Legislative Record, chapter on " Puidic Printing and Binding." 

20. The Governor, Secretary of Internal Affairs, and Secretary of the 
Commonwealth consider all applications for new counties. 

He is required to advertise for proposals for publishing the reports of 
the Supreme Court, and, in conjunction with the Auditor General and 
Supreme Court Reporter, to award a contract therefor for a term of ten 
years. 

21. There are eleven officers, clerks, and emploj-^s in the office in ad- 
dition to the Secretary, as follows : 

22. Deputy Secretary. — Whose duties, aside from acting as the deputy 
of the Secretary and discharging his duties during his absence or dis- 
ability, are : To keep the executive minutes, showing the Governor's 
official action ; to certify copies of laws and other papers ; to deliver 
messages I'rom the Governor to the Legislature ; to collect all fees com- 
ing to the office, pay them to the State Treasurer, and file accounts 
thereof with the Auditor General; receive and disburse the money ap- 
propriated for the incidental expenses of the office ; issue and transmit 
the warrants authorized to be drawn by the Governor on the State 
Treasurer, and keep the accounts; examine applications for requisitions 
and warrants for fugitives from j ustice, and prepare and forward par- 
dons, &c. 

23. Chief Clerk. — Who has general supervision of the work in the 
office, under the direction of the Secretary and deputy. He registers 
the acts of assembly; prepares the laws for publication, and directs 
their distribution ; prepares proclamations ; discharges the duties rela- 
tive to election returns; prepares official notices ; prepares for publica- 
tion the official advertisements ; receives and files awards of contracts, 
ifec. 

24. Corporation Clerk.— Who has charge of all matters in the office 
relating to charters of incorporation. 

25. Coinmis.sion Clerk. — Who prepares and forwards all commissions 
issued by the Governor to civil officers, keeps a register thereof, and 
has charge of all official bonds. 

26. The other clerks and the messenger perform such duties as are 
assigned to them from time to time. In addition to these, the law au- 
thorizes the employment of a clerk temporarily, to record the laws, at 
$125 per month while actually employed. 

27. -SciZaj-ies.— Secretary, |4,000; deputy, $2,500; chief clerk, $1,800; 
corporation clerk, $1,600; other clerks, $1,400; me.ssenger, $1,100. 
Annual allowance for incidental expenses of the office, $3,000. For in- 
dexing laws, $100. 

Distribution of l^aws. 

28. The following is the distribution to be made of the pamphlet 
laws by the Secretary : House of Kepresentatives, 25 copies ; Senate, 



78 people's manual. 

20 ; State Library, 10 ; for exchange with other States and Territories, 
50 ; for each State office, 1; for eacii member and principal clerk of the 
Senate and House, 1 ; lor each prothonotary of the Supreme Court, 1 ; 
for each judge of the Supreme Court, 1 ; for each judge and associate 
judge in "the State, 1 ; for each sheriff, prothonotary, register, recorder, 
clerk of courts, county treasurer, board of county commissioners, dis- 
trict attorney, and county surveyor, 1 ; for each justice of the peace and 
alderman, 1; for each public library, 1; each judge and clerk of the 
circuit and district courts of the United States withm the State, 1 ; State 
Department of the United States, 5 ; Philadelphia Atheneum, 1 ; mayor 
of each city, 1. Copies can be purchased from the Secretary of the Com- 
monwealth at 40 cents for volumes of 150 pagts or less, and 60 cents lor 
voluines of 300 pages or less, Vohimes of over 300 pages, |1. 



EXECUTIVE DEPART3IENT. 79 



CHAPTER XX. 
ATTORNEY GENERAL'S OFFICE. 



1. Tlie Attorney General is appointed by the Governor, at pleasure, 
and confirmed bv the Senate, He is the legal adviser of the (4overnor 
and several State officers. Before entering on his official duties, he 
must take the oath required by section one of article seven of the Con- 
stitution, and give bond to the State, with two sureties, in ?30,000, for 
the faithful discharge of his duties, and the payment to the State Treas- 
urer ot all monevs collected by him for the State. He must have his 
office at the State'capital, and keep therein dockets containing memf)r- 
anda of all claims placed in his hands, showing the status of each ; and 
be must make a report to the Legislature on or before the second Tues- 
da\' of January of each year, giving a statement of the official business 
transacted by him during the year. 

2. All debts known by the Auditor General and State Treasurer to be 
due to the State remaining unpaid for ten days after the time for ap- 
peals must be placed in his hands for collection. All monej^s thus col- 
lected by him must be paid into the State Treasury within ten days 
after receipt. He has access at all times to the records in the offices of 
the Auditor General and State Treasurei', and he must have settled and 
collected all accounts appearing thereby to be due the State, when the 
public interest will be served thereby. 

3. Tlie Auditor General, State Treasurer, and Attorney General may re- 
vise and resettle accounts already settled, when errors have Deen made, 
crediting or charging the result of such resettlement on the current ac- 
count of the person or body politic. • 

4. He must tile witii the State Treasurer quarterly accounts of all sums 
collected for the State, and pay over all sums remaining in his hands. 
He must have these accounts settled by the Auditor General and State 
Treasurer in Octol)er of each year, as other accounts are settled, and on 
failure to make these returns and payments promptly, it is the duty of 
the Governor to remove him. 

5. He must bring suit against any agent or attorney of the State, In the 
courts of Dauphia county, who has collected any money and failed to 
pay it over to the proper State officers, and proceed to judgment and 
execution as provided against defaulting public officers. 

6. If he has reason to believe that any association has acted as a cor- 
poration withoiit legal authorit}', or that'any corporation has forfeited its 
corporate rights or franchises, or has exercised any power not belonging 
to it, it is his duty to ask from the proper court a writ of quo warranto 
for the determination of t he matter. If tlie Secretary of Internal Affairs 
certifies to him that he believes any corporation is transcending its cor- 
porate functions or infringing on the rights of individuaJ citizens, he 
must, by appropriate legal remedy, seek to redress the same by pro- 
ceedings in court, at the expen-se of the State. 

7. He examines all proposed Ijank charters, to see that they are in 
proper form, and duly made, as well as applications for charters for in- 
surance companies, certifying to them when they conform to law. 

8. The necessary process, when bills in equity are filed in the courts to 
perpetuate testimony relative to lands, tenements, and hereditaments, 
where the State is a necessary party, are served on him, and he must 
take care of the State's interest. 

9. When authorized by the board of property, he may proceed in all 



80 people's manual. 

liens due the State for unpatented lands, in the manner to be pursued 
against defaulting public officers. 

10. In cases where privileges and immunities have been given corpora- 
tions by act of Assembly, on terms and conditions therein prescribed, 
for knowing or intentional neglect or refusal to perform which forfeit- 
ure is provided for in the act, the Attorney General must, on complaint 
made by one whose interests are thereby aflfected, institute proceedings 
at once in a court of competent jurisdiction to ascertain the fact, and if 
the said neglect or refusal be adjudged by the court to have occurred, 
then the said privileges and immunities shall cease. 

11. In addition to his salary, tlie Attorney General is allowed five per 
cent, on claims that have been due the State more than sixty days, the 
same to be paid by the debtors as a penalty for neglect ; but his com- 
pensation from this source shall not exceed seven thousand dollars per 
annum, all in excess of that amount being paid into the State Treasury. 

12. The Attorney General is an official visitor of the Philadelphia pris- 
ons and of the State penitentiaries, is a meuaber of the board of prop- 
erty and of the board of pardons. 

13. The office of Deputy Attorney General was made permanent by an 
act passed in 1874. He assists the Attorney General in the discharge of 
his official duties, a<3ts as his deputy, and in case of his absence or disa- 
bility discharges his duties. He receives and disburses the money ap- 
propriated for the incidental expenses of the office. 

14. Besides the Attorney General and deputy, there is one clerk in the 
office, who performs the clerical labor, keeps the books and records, 
and acts as messenger. 

15. /Salaries.— Attorney General, $3,500 ; deputy, ?l,aOO ; clerk, $1,400. 
Annual allowance for incidental expenses of the office, traveling ex- 
penses, &G , $1,000, 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 81 



CHAPTER XXI. 
AUDITOR GENERAL'S OFFICE. 



1. 'J'he Auditor General is elected by the Toters of the State at the gen- 
eral election everj- third 3'ear, and commissioned by the Governor to 
serve lor three years from the first Tuesday of May next succeeding his 
election. He inust take the oath of office prescribed in the Constitution, 
and give bond to the State in the sum of ^5,000. If an Auditor General 
elect dies before assuming office, the person then filling the office shall 
continue therein until his successor is qualified, who shall be elected 
at the next general election, and assume the duties of the offica on the 
1st day of December next ensuing, to hold for three years from the first 
Tuesday of JNlay preceding. If a vacancy occurs in the office during the 
recess of the Senate, the Governor appoints till the end of the next ses- 
sion ; but if it liappens during the session, he must nominate beibre its 
close. In ca.se of such vacancy, an Auditor General is chosen at the next 
general election, for the unexpired term, unless it happens within three 
month of such election, when he is chosen at the second general elec- 
tion . 

2. The general duty of the Auditor General's office is to settle all ac- 
cotmts between the State and any person, office, department, associa- 
tion, or corporation, whether the claim is <''gainst the State or by it. His 
powers, relative to accounts coming before him, are very large. Ho 
can compel the attendance of those having accounts to settle, and wit- 
nesses deemed proper, and examine them under oath, and compel the 
production of all books and papers I'elating to the matter. He can se- 
cure the testimony of all such persons before any judge or justice of the 
peace, on a commission under his seal ; and, to compel the attendance 
of witnesses and the production of books and papers, can exercise the 
power of attachment through sheriffs. He can imprison witnesses re- 
fusing to testify or to produce books or papers. 

3. Be may by himself, or with the State Treasurer, send an agent at any 
time to examine the books, papers, <fcc., of any party having accounts to 
settle with his office, or the accounts of county officers refusing to make 
returns as directed by law. 

4. He mttst examine annually the condition of the mone3' in the State 
treasury, and the State Treasurer nmst exhibit to him all records relat- 
ing thereto. In settling the accounts of the Legislature, and the several 
vStateotficeis for incidental expenses, he can disallow any excess charged 
over i'air casli prices. 

5. Within thirty days after an account is settled on which a balance ap- 
pears to be due the State, he shall Send a copy to the party indebted, on 
which they may, within sixty days after notice received, appeal to the 
court of common pleas of Dauphin county. 

6. After accounts aresettled by the Auditor General, they aresubmitted 
to the State Treasurer, with all the papers, for examination and approval. 
When approved, they are returned to the Auditor General's office, the 
result entered in proper books, and the settlements filed away, after 
certified copies are made and sent to such parties as the law reqtiires. 
If the State Treasurer refuses to approve an account, he must state his 
reasons in wrin'ng, and, if he and the Auditor General cannot then 
agree, the whole matter is referred to the Governor, whose decision is 
final. 

7. The aniotmt found Cme the Stnto on settlement of any account shall 

6 



82 people's manual, 

be a lien on all the real estate of the debtor and his securities in the 
State, from the date of settlement'; Provided, entrj'- thereof is made in 
the proper county, and shall bear twelve per cent, interest from sixty- 
days after settlement. 

8. The Auditor General must report to the Legislature annually all ac- 
counts remaining unsettled in his office, with the reasons therefor. 
The fiscal year closes November 30th, and immediately thereafter he 
makes a report for publication, giving an abstract statement of the 
finances of the State. All proper claims against the State, when no 
provision is made for their payment, must be settled as other accounts, 
and reported to the Legislature at once, if in session ; if not in session, 
then within one Aveek after its first meeting. 

9. He possesses all the powers and performs all the duties of escheator 
general, and, on proj^er information, appoints deputy escheators when 
necessary. On failure of the court of common pleas of any county to 
appoint an auditor of the accounts of county officers, he must appoint 
a competent person for the place. 

10. Certificates of association for banking purposes, after being ap- 
proved by the Attorney General, are recorded in thisoffice and certified 
to the Governor, who causes letters-patent to issue. All incorporated 
State banks are required to make quarterly statements to the Auditor 
General. 

11. He must keep in his office a register of the acceptance by corpora- 
tions of the provisions of the Constitution of 1873. He is a member 
of the military board, board of revenue commissioners, board of sinking 
fund commissioners, and is one of the commissioners of public grounds 
and buildings. 

12. Besides the Auditor General, there are in this office thirteen clerks 
and employes, as follows : 

13. Chief Clerk. — Who, under the Auditor General, has general super- 
visioa of all the work in the office. He receives all communications, 
keeps a record thereof, and refers all matters to the proper clerks for 
consideration ; sees that the general day-book and ledger of the office 
are properly kept, in which are' entered; Accounts settled, on which 
the Auditor General's warrant is issued in payment; accounts against 
county and city officers, counties, cities and boroughs, and notaries pub- 
lic; accounts with the several departments; all payments to the State; 
all payments by the State. These show each month's transactions sep- 
arately, and are the basis of the Auditor General's annual report. He 
receives, examines, and files away monthly all vouchers from the State 
Treasurer for the payment of money ; and disburses the money appro- 
priated for the incidental expenses "of the office. 

14. Corporation Clerk. — Who has charge of and settles all accounts of 
corporations for taxes due the State. He keeps a register of corpora- 
tions required to report to the Auditor General ; register of those ac- 
cepting the provisions of the Constitution ; register of all settlements 
made, appeals taken, and accounts placed in Attorney General's hands 
for collection ; and a separate account with each one, charging all taxes 
and crediting all payments. 

15. The other clerks and employes discharge sucli duties as arc assigned 
them, the principal desks being those of the county clerk, warrant 
clerk, and bank clerk. 

16. Salaries.— AnAitor General, $3,000 ; chief clerk, |l,800 ; corporation 
clerk, $1,800; clerks, |1,400 ; messenger, ^1.200; night watchman, |900. 
Annual allowance for incidental expenses, $2,000 ; for executing corpor- 
ation tax laws, |1,000. 



EXECUTIVK DEPAKTMENT. 83 



CHAPTER XXII. 
STATE TREASURER'S OFFICE AND SINKING FUND. 



1. The State Treasurer is choseji bj^ the voters of the State at the general 
election every second year, and commissioned by the Governor for two 
years from first Monday of May following his election, or till his suc- 
cessor is qualitied. In case of a vacancy in the office, the Governor tills 
it by appointment till the first Monday of May succeeding the next gen- 
eral election happening more than three months after the vacancy oc- 
curs. Before entering on his duties he takes the oath required by the 
Constitution, and gives bond to the State in the sum of gSOO 000. 

2. He receives and receipts for all money paid into the State Treasury, 
apportioning it between the general revenue fund and the sinking 
fund, and pays all sums required by law to be paid by the State ; but 
he can make no payment except in pursuance of appropriations made 
by law, and on warrants drawn by the proper officers. 

3. He furnishes to the Auditor General, on the first business day of each 
month, a statement of all moneys paid during the preceding month, 
with the vouchers; and an account in detail of the money in the sink- 
ing fund and general revenue fund, where deposited, etc. On the first 
business days of Januarj-, April, July, and October, he reports to the 
commissioners of the sinking fund the balance in the fund after paying 
the interest on the public debt ; and when it appears on these dates 
that the balance belonging to the general revenue fund exceeds f 500,000, 
all in excess of that sum must be placed in the sinking fund. 

4. He makes an annual report to the liegislature, giving in detail the 
receipts and expenditures of the State Treasury, showing the receipts 
and disbursements of both the general revenue fund and sinking fund. 
This report also includes an estimate of the revenues and expenditures 
of the State for the ensuing year, the sums remaining from previous 
appropriations, and the probable amount that will be at the disposal of 
the Legislature. 

5. His neglect or refusal to perform the duties required by the act of 
1874, P. L., p. 126; the withdrawal of moilej's deposited for the payment 
of the public debt, or current expenses of the State, without warrant of 
law; or the appropriation of any interest received on money belonging 
to the State, is a misdemeanor in office, for which he may be impeached 
and removed. 

6. He joins with the Auditor General in the settlement of all accounts, 
and is invested with powers relating thereto similar to those belonging 
to that officer ; and with the consent of the Auditor General, after an 
account has been finally settled, he may arrange with the debtor for its 
payment in installments, provided payment be made within seven 
j'ears, and the amount be not decreased, nor the security lessened. In 
making collections and payments, he must conform to the decisions of 
the cx)urts in all cases. 

7. Where any county or city treasurer, or State officer, holding, disburs- 
ing, or transferring any public moneys or securities, becomes insolvent 
or in failing circumstances or his sureties shall die or abscond, he must 
take new securities for the State. 

8. After the allotmentofState taxes to counties and cities, by the hoard 
of revenue commissioners, he sends to tlie proper officers of each 
county a statement of the tax to be raised therein, and directions to 
assess and collect it. 



84 people's manual. 

9. He is one of the commissioners of public grounds and buildings, a 
member of tlie board of revenue commissioners, of the board of 
sinking fund commissioners, and the State military board. 

10. Besides the State Treasurer, there are seven clerks and emploj^fis in 
this office. 

11. Chief Clerk. — Has general charge of the office, under the direction 
of the State Treasurer, and in his absence discharges his duties. He re- 
ceives all moneys paid into the Treasury, giving receipts therefor, and 
makes all payments, taking vouchers for the same ; he apportions all 
moneys received between the sinking fund and general revenue fund; 
makes the monthly statement tiled in the Auditor General's office ; the 
quarterly statements required by law, and disburses the money appro- 
priated for the incidental expenses of the office. 

12. There are three other clerks, among whom the work of the office is 
distributed. 

13. /Saiartes.—StateTreasurer,f 5,000; chief olerk,$2,000; clerks,$l,400 ; 
messenger, $900 ; night watchman, $900 ; tireman, $i50. Annual allow- 
ance for incidental expenses, $1,000. 

Sinking Fund. 

14. It is provided, by act of April 22, 1858, P. L. , p. 468, entitled "An act 
to establish a sinkuig fund for the payment of the public debt," that to 
pay the debt of the State, the interest thereon, and such further debt 
as may hereafter be contracted, certain revenues shall be specially ap- 
propriated and set apart. 

15. Section eleven of article nine of the Constitution directs that "to 
provide for the payment of the present State debt, and any additional 
debt contracted, * * * the General Assembly shall continue and 
maintain the sinking fund, sufficient to pay the accruing interest on 
such debt, and annually to reduce the principal tiiereof by a sum not 
les'i than two hundred and fifty thousand dollars ; the said sinking fund 
shall consist of the proceeds of the sales of the public works, or any 
part thereof, and of the proceeds of tlie sale of any stocks owned by 
the Commonwealth, together with any other funds and resources that 
may be designated by law, and shall be increased from time to time by 
assigning to it any part of the taxes or other revenue of the State not 
required for the ordinary and current expenses of Government; and, 
unless in case of war, invasion, or insurrection, no part of the said sink- 
ing fund shall be used or applied otherwise than in exiinguishment of 
the public debt." The Constitution I'urtlier provides that the moneys 
of tbe sinking fund shall never be invested or loaned on any security 
but the bonds of the State, or of the United States. By act of June 5, 
1883, P. L., p. 75, provision is made for the investment of the moneys 
of the sinking fund in the bonds of the State, or of the United States. 

16. The Auditor General, State Treasurer, and Secretary of the Com- 
monwealth are constituted the board of sinking fund comniis8ioners,who 
have charge of all the moneys belonging to this fund, and of their dis- 
ptisition under the Constitution and laws. Each of them receives an 
annual salary of three hundred dollars, and they employ a clerk in the 
State Treasurer's offi_ce, at a salary of one thousand dollars a year, to 
keep the books and minutes, and 'perf<um the necessary clerical work 
of the commission. They must keep full and exact minutes of their 
proceedings, which are open at all times to the inspection of the Gov- 
ernor and members of the Legislature. 

17. The sinking fund consists of the proceeds of the sale of the public 
works, all money derived from the sale of stocks owned by the State, 
and all tax on capital stock of corporations, and all balances in the gen- 
eral revenue fund on the first of January, April, July, and October, hi 
excess of five hundred tliousand dollars. 

18. They must keep separate ai;counts of all moneys received and dis- 
bursed on account of the fund, specifying the source whence received, 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 85 

and date of payment, and must distinguish between paj^ments made on 
the debt existing on November 30, IS57, and that contracted since. 

19. They must prepare a statement on the titst business day of January, 
April, July, and October of eaoli year, (f tlie total amount of monej^ iu 
tlie sinking fund, verily it b^- oath or affirmation, and publish it in two 
newspapers in Harrisburg for public information. Thej' must report 
and certify to the Governor, aunuallj^, on the 10th day of December, 
the amount of money placed in the fund, the amount of the debt and 
interest of the State redeemed and lield bj' them, (up to and including 
November 30,) when the Governor directs the cancellation of the cer- 
tificates redeemed, and issues his proclamation, stating the cancellati^n 
and extinguishment of that amount of tlie public debt. 

20. The^' must report to the Legislature, Avithin ten days after its organi- 
zation, the whole amount of the public debt liquidated and cancelled 
since the last report, to be published in the Legislative documents, to 
which the}' must add the amount of each quarterly balance in the fund, 
the amount and date of all redemptions, the amount of interest paid, 
the amount and date of maturity of all the State loans, a summary of 
the receipts and disbursements of the fund, and a full statement of all 
stocks and moneys in the fund at the beginning and close of the year, 
to be verified by oath or affirmation of the commissioners. This report 
must state all offers made for redemption of loans, whether accepted or 
rejected by them. 

21. The Farmers' and Mechanics' National Bank, of Philadelphia, is 
made the fiscal agent of the State for the purpose of transacting the busi- 
ness connected Ax-ith the redemption of the State loans and, the payment 
of the interest thereon, for which it is paid $6,000 per annum. 

2'1 The interest on the public debt is due and payable semi-annually, 
on the first days of January and February, and July and August, and the 
commissioners must see that sufficient money is deposited with tlie fiscal 
agent for this purpose. The interest on the coupon bonds is paid by 
redeeming the coupons and sending them to the State Treasurer, the 
c nnmissioners taking credit therefor, after wliich they are filed away in 
the Auditor General's office. The interest on the registered bonds is 
paid by ihe fiscal agent, and an account thereof sent to the State Treas- 
urer, and the commissioners take credit therefor, when it is verified by 
the State Treasurer and tiled in the Auditor General's office. 

23. At the close of each quarter, on ascertaining the amount of money 
remaining in the fund, after paying the interest on the debt and the loans 
already called in, the commissioners must cause the fiscal agent to give 
notice by advertisement in one or more newspapers, calling in an 
amount of the oldest loans then paj^able equal to the amount remain- 
ing in the fund applicable for this purpose, stating that the interest 
thereon will cease on a day fixed. The fiscal agent at once carries out 
these instructions, advertising in the Public Ledger. At the close of 
each mouth, the fiscal agent sends to the commissioners certificates of 
all registered bonds redeemed, or, in case of coupon bonds, the bonds 
themselves, for which the commissioners take credit in their account. 
These, after being verified by the State Treasurer, are filed in the Au- 
ditor General's office. 

24. Most of tlie State debt is now represented by registered bonds, issued 
in various sums, from fifty dollars to one million dollars. They are trans- 
ferable, in whole or in part, only on the books of the fiscal agent. When 
sold by the State, one party may purchase to the amount of a million 
dollars, (or more,) as was done by Drexel & Co., in 1877, for which one 
bond may be issued. Afterwards, such party may sell such portions of 
this sum as they choose, and the amount of the sale will be transferred 
on the books of the fiscal agent, certificates being given by the fiscal 
agent therefor. By this means, the whole amount may be transferred. 
As these loans are redeemed, the original bonds (or the certificates of 
transfer) are returned to the commissioners, and afterwards filed in the 
Auditor General's office. In case of large bonds, where portions are 



86 ' people's manual. 

sold and transferred on the books of the fiscal agent, when the whole 
amount has been redeemed by the State, the original bond is returned 
to the commissioners and tiled in the Auditor General's office. 

Conpon bonds may also be registered in the office of the fiscal agent. 
They are transferred by indorsement on the back of the bond, after 
being attested and registered by the fiscal agent. In case of sale, the 
entire bond must be transferred, as the interest is payable on coupons 
which are not divisible. Each bond must be redeemed entire. 

To prevent the accumulation of large sums in the sinking fund, with- 
out any profit to the State, the Legislature passed the act of June 5, 
1883, which requires the commissioners to invest the surplus in the 
fund at the end of each quarter after paying the interest on the public 
debt, in bonds of the State or of the United States, for the benefit of the 
said fund. 



EXECUTIVE DEPAKTMENT. 87 



CHAPTER XXIII. 
OFFICE OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS. 



1. The Secretary of Internal Affairs is chosen by the voters of the 
State at the general election every fourth year, and commissioned by 
the Governor for four years from the first Tuesday of May following 
his election, or till his successor is qualified. In case of a vacancy, it is 
filled by the Governor until the first Tuesday of May succeeding the 
next ge'neral election happening more than three months after the 
vacancy occurs. Before entering on his duties, he takes the oath re- 
quired by the Constitution. 

2. He exercises all the powers and performs all the duties formerly 
pertaining to the Surveyor General. His office embraces a bureau of 
industrial statistics, and he discharges such duties toward corporations, 
charitable institutions, and the agricultural, manufacturing, mining, 
and timber interests of the State as the law directs, making an annual 
report to the Legislature. 

Powers and Duties Belating to Corporations. 

3. He has all the powers and discharges ail the duties formerly be- 
longing lo the Auditor General in regard to railroads, canals, and other 
transportation companies, save as to their accounts, and has general 
sujservision over them, with power to demand reports and information 
at any time. It is his special diity to exercise a watchful supervision 
over railroad, banking, mining, manufacturing, and other business cor- 
porations, to see that they keep Avithin their corporate poAvers. If any 
citizen shall charge, under oath, that any corporation is exceeding its 
corporate limits, or infringing on individual rights, he must investigate 
the charge carefully, and if he believes it to be true, and the niatter is 
beyond the ordinary range of individual redress, he is required to cer- 
tify it to the Attorney General, who will see that the proper remedy is 
applied. 

4. He must furnish all railroad, canal, navigation, and telegraph com- 
panies, whose lines are wholly or partially within the State, on or before 
October 1, annually, with a blank form for their annual reports, and 
after these reports are filed in his olflce, he must lay copies thereof 
before the Legislature on or before the fifteenth day of Februarj^ fol- 
lowing. All such companies must make to him an annual report within 
thirty days after the end of their financial j'^ear, giving their operations 
in detail, and such special information as he may require. Companies 
refusing or neglecting to make such reports are liable to a fine of 1.5,000. 

Duties Relative to Collecting Mineral Statistics. 

5. Railroad, canal, and slackwater navigation companies having lines 
passing through any coal region of the State, must rejiort U> this office 
annually the amount of coal and coke carried by them, making their 
reports so that the production on each line may be correctly ascertained, 
as Avell as the points at Avhich it was mined. All mining companies, or 
persons working mines, and all State and county officers, when re- 
quired, must iurnish to this office all information in their possession 
regarding coal mined or marketed, or used by manufactories and not 
transported as above, give information as to where correct statistics as 



88 people's mantjal. 

to coal production can be had, and give information of all mining acci- 
dents in counties where there are no mine inspectors. After receiving 
tliis information, the Secretary shall collate the same so as to give in tab- 
ular form the fullest possible information regarding the coal interests 
of the State, separating the several kindsof coal, and the sections vs^here 
produced, and giving lull information regarding the number and cause 
of all mining accidents. 

6. He must also collect, collate, classify, and report in a similar 
manner, all statistics relative to petroleum, salt, iron ore, zinc, and 
other mineral productions of the State, and the quantities of pig-iron 
and wrought-iron manufactured. Any corporation, company, firm, or 
individu.al engaged in mining, or any county officer neglecting or refus- 
ing to give the informacion or make the report required relative to 
mineral statistics, is liable to a fine of one hundred dollars. 

Bureau of Industrial Statistics, 

7. This office embraces a bureau of industrial statistics, the object of 
which is to inquire impartially into the relations of capital and labor, 
in their bearings upon the social, educational, and industrial welfare of 
all classes of working ijeople, and to offer practical suggestions for their 
improvement. It collects, compiles, and publishes such statistics rela- 
tive to the wages of labor, and the social condition of the laboring 
classes as will enable tlie people of the State to judge how far Legisla- 
tion can be invoked to correct existing evils. 

8. To assist the bureau in these duties, all corporations, firms, or indi- 
viduals engaged in mining, manufacturing, or other business, and all 
persons working for wages in the State, are required to furnisli such 
statistical information as the chief of the bureau or Secretary of Internal 
Affairs may demand. The bureau collects, compiles, and publishes 
annually the productive statistics of agriculture, mining, manufactur- 
ing, commercial, and otlier business interests of the State ; and any cor- 
poration, firm, or person doing business in the State, neglecting or re- 
fusing, for thirty days, to answer questions by circular or on personal 
application, or who shall refuse to obey the subpoena of the pi-oper 
officer of this department, shall be liable to a penalty of one hundred 
dollars. 

9. The Secretary of Internal Affairs, with the approval of the Gov- 
ernor, appoints a chief of this bureau, for a term of four j^ears. 

Assessments and Taxa'ble Property. 

10. Tho commissioners of each county, and the board of revision of 
Philadelphia, must make out in tabular form, by assessment districts, 
and furnish to the Secretary of Internal Affairs on the first day of June 
of each year, a full statement of all property taxable for county pur- 
poses, showing the real and personal in separate columns, the amount 
of tax assessed for county purposes, and the debt of the county. These 
returns are consolidated in this office so as to show the result by coun- 
ties, and are thus published in the annual report of the office,'for the 
information of the people of the State at large. 

Miscellaneous Provisions. 

11. All maps, drafts, reports, and other papers relating to surveys of 
State or county lines. State or turnpike roads, railroads, canals, and 
other public improvements, are filed in this office. All commissions 
appointed to reestablish any of the boundary lines of the State, to erect 
new counties, or to annex part of one county to another, must file a 
copy of their report in this office ; and after the report of a commission 
appointed to re-survey, re-mark, or change any county line has been 
approved by the court of quarter sessions of the proper county, in du- 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 89 

plicate, the cierk of said court shall forward one of the'copies to tlie 
Secretary of Internal Allkirs, with the co'nlirmation indorsed thereon, 
to be tiled in his oiiito. 

12. A duplicate returji of the election of county surveyor of each 
county must be sent to this office by the courts computing the returns, 
to be placed on tile, and a certified copy of the surveyors' oaths of office 
must also bo filed here. 

lo. The Secretary and deputj' secretary have authority to administer 
oaths in all matter's pertaining to the business of the office, and to call 
before them witnesses for examination in cases of doubt. 

14. The Secretary of Internal Affairs' office embraces four distinct 
departments : 

The land department, embracing matters relating to lands, the titles 
to which are derived from the State, and all surveys. 

The department relating to valuation of taxable property, assess- 
ment of taxes, number of taxables, and debt of the several counties. 

The bureau of industrial statistics, embracing all matters relating to 
the mining, the manufacturing, and the producing interests of the 
State, and tjje collection of mineral statistics, <fec. 

The department relating to railroad, canal, and other transportation 
companies, and banking, manufacturing, and other corporations. 

15. Four separate reports are made by the Secretary of Internal 
Affairs to the Legislature annually, and printed for the information of 
the people. 1, Report of the Land Department. 2. Report showing 
number of taxables and amount of taxable property in each count}^, 
debt of each county, valuation, &c. 3. Report of Bureau of Industrial 
Statistics. 4. Report on railroads, canals, telegrajjlis, and other corpora- 
tions. 

16. Besides the Secretary of Internal Affairs, there are nineteen 
officers, clerks, and emploj'es in this office, as follows : 

De^jnty Secretary. — Who, in addition to acting as deputy, has gen- 
eral sujiervision of the office under the direction of the Secretary ; re- 
ceives official communications, and answers or dictate answers when 
needed; supervises the preparation and publication of the various re- 
ports ; receives and pays over to the State Treasurer all purchase money 
for lands, and all fees' paid into the office ; and receives and disburses 
the money appropriated for the incidental expenses of the office. 

Chief of the Bureau of Statistics. — Who has charge of the bureau 
and the clerks therein under the direction of the Secretary and Deputy. 
He directs the collection, preparation, and compilation of all matter for 
the annual report of the bureau, and supervises its publication ; pre- 
pares and sends out the necessary blanks for the collection of informa- 
tion and statistics ; and directs the correspondence of the bureau. He 
is, also, secretary of the Mechanics' High School. 

The drafting clerk, search clerk, and book-keeper have special du- 
ties, as have others also. Three clerks and a messenger are employed 
in the bureau of statistics. 

17. Salaries. — Secretary of Internal Affairs, $3,500 ; Deputy Secretary 
of Internal Affairs, $1,800 ; Chief of the Bureau of Industi-ial Statistics, 
S2,.500; drafting clerk, $1,700; clerks, $1,400; messenger, $1,200; mes- 
senger in bureau of statistics, $600; night watchman, $900. Annual al- 
lowance for incidental expenses, $2,500. 



9fr PEOPLE'S MANUAL. 



CHAPTER XXIV. 



DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, AND 
SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 



Constitutional Provisions. 

1. The Legislature must provide for the maintenance and support of 
a thorough and efficient system of public schools, wherein all the chil- 
dren of the State above the age of six years may be educated, and 
must appropriate at least one million of dollars each year for that pur- 
pose. No money raised for the support of the public schools of the 
State can be used for the support of any sectarian school. Women are 
eligible to any office of control under the school laws of the State. 

Support of Common Schools, and Duties of Directors. 

2. The common schools of the State are supported by a revenue 
raised as follows : 

First. Taxes levied by boards of directors and controllers, according 
to law, on all persons and property within the several school-districts, 
taxable for State and county purposes. 

Second. Fines and penalties appropriated by law to their support. 

Third. Moneys appropriated annually by the*State. 

3. The board of directors or controllers of every school-district must 
establish a sufficient number of schools in their several districts to 
accommodate every person therein, between six and twenty-one years 
of age. who may apply for admission and instruction; and levy and 
collect, according to law, sufficient tax to keep them open for not less 
than five nor more than ten months in each year. 

4. They must provide suitable buildings for schools, and supply tliem 
with proper conveniences and fuel. 

Exercise a general supervision over all the schools in their district. 

Appoint all teachers, fix their salaries, and dismiss them for cause. 

Direct what branches shall be taught in each school, what books used, 
and may expel pupils for cause. 

Grade schools, and determine into which school pupils shall be ad- 
mitted. 

May, in certain cases, establish separate schools for deaf mutes, make 
provision for instructing the indigent blind, and, under certain restric- 
tions, provide for night schools. 

5. Eacli board of directors or controllers must make a report to the 
county, city, or borough superintendent at the close of each year, on 
blanks furnished them, giving all information required. 

State Superintendent. 

6. A Superintendent of Public Instruction is appointed by the Gov- 
ernor and confirmed by the Senate, to hold office four years from the 
first daj^ of June succeeding his confirmation. He may be removed by 
the Governor for cause. Before entering on his duties, he must take 
the oath prescribed in the Constitution, and give a bond, with two sure- 
ties, in the sum of $2,660, to the State. He is the head of the educa- 
tional department of the State, and directs its workings under the laws 
passed by the Legislature. 

7. He must, when required, give advice, explanation, construction, 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 91 

or information, to officers and citizens, relative to tlie school law, duties 
of school officers, rights and duties of parents, guardians, pupils the 
management of tlie schools, and other matters calculated to promote the 
cause of education. 

8. lie decides without appeal, and without cost to the parties, disputes 
among directors or coniioUers of any district, or adjoining districts, and 
between directors and collectors or treasurers, concerning tlieir respeo 
tive duties, on the facts being laid before him in writing bj' the parties 
officially verified by oath or affirmation if required, and accompanied 
by all necessary papers. 

'9. He makes an annual iPeport to the Legislature, showing the con- 
dition of the scliools of the State, tlie expenditures of the department 
during the past year, estimates for the coming year, whole number of 
pupils, cost of teaching each one, number of districts and teachers in the 
State, salaries paid to teachers, value of school property, and any other 
matters and things relating to the school system or the duties of his of- 
fice that he may deem proper and necessary. 

10. He prepares all blanks necessary to conduct the details of the 
system in a uniform and efficient manner, and furnishes them to county, 
city, and borough superintendents, who distribute them to the district 
officers. He has power to remove anj' county, city, or borough super- 
intendent for neglect of duty, incompetency, or immorality, and to ap- 
point another in his place until the next triennial election by the 
directors. 

11. He determines the amount of the annual State appropriation to 
which each district is entitled, and issues the warrants on the ^tate Treas- 
urer therefor. In detenniniug these amounts, he deducts from the 
gross sum appropriated \)y the State the following amounts: First, 
The sum to which the several cities and boroughs electing superinten- 
dents are entitled; iSecond, The amount allowed by law to students of 
normal schools ; Third, Three hundred dollars for schools among the 
Cornplanter Indians; Fourth, The sum required to pay salaries of all 
the county superintendents in the State. (C!ity and borough superinten- 
dents are not paid from this fund.) The balance is then apportioned 
among the several districts of the State, (other than cities and boroughs 
electing superintendents) pro rata, according to the number of taxable 
inhabitants in each, as shown by the last triennial assessment. 

12. He has authority to employ competent persons to prepare plans 
and drawings for .school-buildings of different grades and classes, and if 
approved by him he may have them printed, with estimate for bviilding, 
and furnish a copy to each district. 

13. The Pennsylvania School Journal is the official organ of the de- 
partment, in which the current decisions of the superintendent are 
published free of charge, together with his annual report, and such 
other official circulars, letters of instruction and explanation as he may 
see fit to publish ; and he is directed to subscribe for one copv for each 
board of directors or controllers in the State, to be paid for out of the 
amount appropriated amnially for the incidental expenses of his office. 

14. He prescribes all forms, and gives all necessary instructions for 
carrying into full effect the act relating to establishing and conducting 
the State normal schools. 

15. He may appoint not exceeding two deputy superintendents, who, 
in case of his absence, or a vacancj^ in the office, may discharge the 
duties of superintendent. 

County Superiuteudents. 

16. The school-directors of each county meet in convention at the 
county seat on the first Tuesday of May of every third year, and elect 
by a viva voice vote a person of skill and experience in the art of teach- 
ing,* to serve as superintendent of common schools. He is commis- 

*See "School Laws and Decisions, " pages 123-125. 



92 people's MANUAIi. 

sioiied by the State Superintendent to serve for three years from the 
first Monday of June next succeeding his election. Before entering on 
his office, he must take the oath prescribed in the Constitution. The 
salary is four dollars and fifty cents fir each scliool in his jurisdiction 
at the time of his election ; but no salary shall be less than eight hun- 
dred nor more than eighteen hundred dollars, and in counties \vith more 
than one hundred schools it shall not be less than one thousand dollars ; 
and in counties having over two hundred and ninety schools, or twelve 
hundred sqxiare miles of territory, or a school-term exceeding seven and 
a half months in a year, it shall not be less than fifteen hundred dollars. 
Ti'iennial conventions of school-directors may vote superintendents a 
higher salary than thus indicated, but the increase must come from the 
school fund of the county. Superintendents' salaries are paid senu- 
annualiy, by warrant of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, 
drawn on the State Treasurer. 

17. Superintendents must visit the several schools in their county as 
often as practicable, note the cotirse and method of instruction and 
branches taught in each, and give such instruction in the art of teaching 
as he deems necessary, that there may be uniformity of study in the 
several grades, and each grade up to the required standard as far as 
practicable. They nuist see that orthgraphj^ reading, writing, Eng- 
lish grammar, geograplw, and arithmetic are taught in every district, 
and such other branches as the directors require, and when directors 
fail to provide teachers competent to teach such branches, the superin- 
tendent shall notify them of their neglect in writing, and if provision 
is not made forthwith for teaching the same, he must report the fact to 
the State superintendent, who shall withhold the State appropriation 
until competent teachers are employed. A refusal or neglect for one 
month after notice from the county superintendent to employ sl^ch 
competent teachers forfeits the State appropriation, absolutely, for that 
year. 

18. Each county superintendent examines all candidates for the pro- 
fession of teaching, and gives each person found qualified a certificate, 
setting forth the branches they are qualified to teach, and no teacher 
can be employed to teach any branch not set forth in such certificate. 
He may annul any certificate at any time, on ten days' notice to the 
holder, and the directors of the district in winch the teacher is em- 
ployed. All certificates must indicate the proficiencj'- of the holder in 
the branches it covers. 

19. Certificates are of three grades : Provisioned, professional, and 
permanent. The first are the lowest grade, and are granted by county, 
city, and borough superintendents, annually, on examination ; are good 
only in the jurisdiction where granted, and cannot be renewed without 
a new examination. The second are granted by county, city, and bor- 
ough superintendents, to persons having a thorough knowledge of the 
several branches taught in the common schools, and who have had suc- 
cessful experience in teaching, and license the holder to teach any 
place within t lie jurisdiction of the superintendent granting them dur- 
ing his term, and for one year thereafter, and may l)e renewed without 
a reexamination. The third grade are granted by the Superintendent 
of Public Instruction to practical teachers holding professional certifi- 
cates, on the recommendation of boards of directors in whose employ 
the applicant has taught successfully for three school-terms imme- 
diately preceding the date of the application, to be signed by the super- 
intendent of the county, city, or borough, and approved by a commit- 
tee of five teachers, after an examination of the applicant by them. A 
permanent certificate is a license to teach in the jurisdiction where the 
holder resided when it was granted, as long as employed therein ; and 
also to teach one year in any other jurisdiction in the State, when it 
may be indorsed by the superintendent of such jurisdiction, and then 
confers on the holder tlie same rank and privileges therein as in the 
jurisdiction where originally issued. Permanent certificates can only 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 93 

be annulled by the Superintendent of Public Instructiou, on com- 
plaint, duly proven, of inconipetcnc3',cruelty, negligence, or immorality. 

20. Each county superintendent must see thac tiie teacliersofliis county 
hold, in the manner prescribed b}- law, a teachers' institute each year, 
to last at least tive days, and be devoted to the improvement of teachers 
in the science and art of teaching. 

Every superintendent is entitled to receive from the county treasurj^ 
for account of every such institute held according to law, not less than 
sixty, nor more than two hundred dollars, for the purpose of procuring 
lecturers and instructors, and books, stationery, &c., for its work. Di- 
rectors must allow the teachers emplo3^ed in their districts their time 
and was-es while attending the institute,* and superintendents must re- 
port to 'each board of directors the number of days each teacher em- 
ploj-ed therein was in attendance. Teachers refusing or neglecting to 
attend the institute may have the same indicated in "his certificate bj^ a 
lower mark in the theory and practice of teaching. At the close of each 
institute, the superinteu'dent must report to the Superintendent of Piib- 
1 c Instruction the number of teachers present, the names of lecturers 
and instructors, the subjects of instruction, and the interest created 
among the people. 

21. Superintendents must forwai'd to the Superintendent of Public 
Instruction, on or before the first Monday of June in each year, the 
reports of the several districts of the cotmty, sending therewith an ex- 
tended report of the schools under his care, suggesting such improve- 
ments in the school system as he may deem necessary, and such other 
information regarding the practicar workings of the schools, and the 
laws relating thereto, as may be of public interest. These reports are 
all published in the annual report of the Superintendent of Public In- 
struction. 

City and Borough Superintendents. 

22. Any city or borough having over five thousand inhabitants may 
elect a superintendent of common schools se^sarate and apart from the 
county in which it is located, who shall have the powers, privileges, 
and immtiuiti(-s granted to county superiuiendents. 

In addition to such reports as are jcquired from countj^ superin- 
tendents, city and borough superintendents must report monthly to 
the Superintendent of Public Instructiou such facts relating to their 
work and the schools under their charge as may be required by him, 
and must attend all meetings of superintendents called by that officei-. 

No city or borough electing a superintendent separately is subject 
in any way to the county superintendent, except that in the matter of 
holding the annual teachers' institute, city and borough superintendents 
shall cooperate with the superintendent of the county in which they are 
located; but the institute shall be under the direction of the county 
suiterintendent. 

The salaries of city and borough superintendents are fixed by the 
directors or controllers thereof, and paid out of the same fund as the 
teachers. 

Normal Schools. 

213. The State is divided into twelve normal-school dif^tricts, in ten of 
which normal schools are located, whose pecuniary ativ.irs are managed 
b\' a board of eighteen trustees, chosen according to law-. Each school 
must have these requisites: 

IHrst: — Not Jess than ten acres of ground in one tract, to be occupied 
by the buildings, gardens, for recreation piu-poses, &c. 

Second. — The building must have a hall capable of seating one thou- 

*Thi3 does not apply to Philadelphia and a few other districts, 



94 people's manual. 

sand persons, with recitation rooms, lodging rooms, refectories for at 
least three hundred students, properly lighted, ventilated, and heated, 
with provision for physical exercise in inclement weather. 

Third. — A library room for the free use of students, cabinet for 
specimens, preparations for illustrating natural and other sciences, and 
the necessary apparatus and philosophical instruments for the same. 

Fotirt/i. — At least six professors, as follows: One of orthography, 
reading and elocution ; one of writing, drawing, and book-keeping ; one 
of arithmetic, and of the higher branches of mathematics; one of geog- 
raphy and history ; one of grammar and English literature ; one of 
theory and practice of teaching ; to which shall be added such tutors 
and assistants, and such professors of natural, mental, and moral sciences, 
languages, and literature, as may be necessary. 

Fifth.— The principal must be one of the six professors, and shall 
have charge of the discipline and government of the school, under regu- 
lations adopted from time to time by the trustees, approved by the 
State Superintendent. 

8ixth. — Each school must have attached one or more schools for 
practice, or model schools, of not less than one hundred pupils, in whicb, 
by practice, the students may acquire a practical knowledge of teaching 
under proper professors. 

24. Each normal school is required to instruct in its whole course one 
student from each school-district within the counties forming the normal- 
school district, selected by tlie directors of the several districts in the 
manner prescribed by law, the expense cf tuition to be borne by the 
districts sending the pupils. Other students may be admitted, but the 
preference shall always be given to such as are designed for teachers. 
The qualifications for admission, and course and term of study, are tixed 
by the action of all the principals, called together from time to time l)y 
the Superintendent of Public Instruction. 

25. An annual examination of students for graduation is had by a 
board appointed according to law, of whicli the Superintendent of Pub- 
lic Instruction, or his deputy, is president. No student can graduate 
without the affirmative vote of four of the five members of this board. 
Graduates receiving certificates are thereby licensed to teach the branches 
set forth therein in any part of the State; and after two years, and 
teaching two full terms, on producing a certificate of good character and 
of having taught satisfactorily, signed by the directors employing them, 
and countersigned by the proper superintendent, shall receive a full 
certificate of competence, authorizing them to teach in any district of 
the State. Teachers passing an examination with a graduating class 
may receive a like certificate, under the provisions laid down in the 
law. 

26. Students graduating on account of common-school districts, must 
teach the first three years after their graduation in the districts send- 
ing them, if required by the directors thereof. For each student over 
seventeen years of age signing a declaration of their intention to teach 
in the common schools of the State, there will be paid fifty cents per 
week toward their expenses. For those signing a similar declaration 
whose fathers lost their lives in the late war, and who are between sev- 
enteen and twenty -two years of age, one dollar per week shall be paid. 
And for each graduate signing an agreement to teach in the common 
schools of the State two full j^ears, fifty dollars shall be paid. 

27. The several normal schools of the State now organized and in 
operation are located as follows : West Chester, Chester county ; Millers- 
ville, Lancaster county ; Kutztown, Berks county ; Mansfield, Tioga 
county; Bloomsburg, Columbia county ; Shippensburg, Cumberland 
county ; Lock Haven, Clinton county ; Indiana, Indiana county ; Cali- 
fornia, Washington county; Edinboro', Erie county. 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 95 

Miscellaneous Provisious. 

28. By act of 1864, P. L,, p. 826, provision is made for orgauizing and 
maintaining libraries in school-districts. See School Laws and Deci- 
sions, p. 182. 

29. The city of Philadelphia and the borough of Carlisle have laws 
making them independent of the general school system of the State, 
and Ailentown, Easton, Erie, Lancaster, Pittsburgh, and Williamsport 
liave special legislation somewhat modifying the general law as regards 
their districts; and there is a law making special provisions relative to 
directors in Allegheny county. 

For information relative to school-districts, and election, duties, &.C., 
of school-directors, see Part Three of this book, under sub-head " School 
Directors." 

30. Besides the Superintendent of Public Instruction, there are six 
other olticers, clerks, and employes in this department, whose duties 
are as follows : 

Two Deputies. — Who are legally authorized to " perform all the 
duties of Superintendent of Public Instruction in case of his absence 
or a vacancy in his office."' One is usually designated the traveling 
deputy, and the other the office deputy. 

The' traveling deputy conducts the correspondence of the office ; 
prepares for publication the reports of principals of normal schools ; 
assists in preparing the annual report of the Superintendent of Public 
Instruction, and in preparing digest of school laws and decisions; 
assists at examinations of normal graduates, and attends teachers' insti- 
tutes, and receives and disburses the money appropriated for the inci- 
dental expenses of the department. 

The general duties of the office deputy are to answer official let- 
ters and questions presented to the deiDartment ; decide controversies 
among school officers, concerning their duties: give advice, construc- 
tion, and information to officers and citizens relative to the school law, 
duties of school officers, rights of parents, guardians, pupils, &c.; have 
charge of procuring and furnishing books, blanks, blank-books, and 
forms authorized by law, and required for the department and school- 
districts and officers ; and exercise general supervision over the office 
work of the department. 

31. Financial Clerk. — Writes and forwards all warrants issued by 
the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and keeps the accounts re- 
lating thereto ; has charge of all certificates and affidavits ; and has 
charge of all matters relating to appropriations to school-districts. 

32. Statistical Clerk. — Has charge of matters relating to tlie statistics 
of tiie department, collecting and tabulating the same, and preparing 
them for publication. 

33. Recording Clerk. — Prepares, forwards, and keeps a record of all 
permanent certificates, and commissions of county, city, and borough 
superintendents; copies and tabulates monthlv reports of city and 
borough superintendents : answers letters not required to be copied, <fec. 

Each clerk discharges such further duties as he maj' be directed. 

34. Salaries — Superintendent of Public Instruction. §2,500; deputy 
superintendents, $1,800; clerks, $1,400; messenger, ' $900. Annual 
allowance for incidental expenses : For expenses of superintendents 
and principals of normal schools in attending annual examinations of 
normal graduates, $300 ; engraving and printing warrants, $200 ; pub- 
lishing and circulating otficial decisions of department, $2,500; postage, 
traveling expenses, &c., $2,500. 

Soldiers' Orphan Schools. 

35. Tlie soldiers' orphan school system was an outgrowth of the war 
of the rebellion, and is peculiar to Pennsylvania. Its object was to 
furnish maintenance and educational advantages to the destitute chil- 
dren of soldiers and sailors who went from the State into the war and 



96 people's manual. 

lost their lives ; and well did. it serve its purpose. It had its origin in 

1864, when the Legislature passed an act authorizing the Governor to 
acoept the sum of $50,000, donated by tlie Pennsylvania Railroad Com- 
pany, for the education and maintenance of distitute orphan children 
of deceased soldiers and sailors, and appropriate the same as he miglit 
deem best calculated to accomplish tlie purpose of tlie donation. In 

1865, the State appropriated $75,000 for this object, and $300,000 in 1866. 
In 1867, the Legislature passed a law j^roviding for schools for this pur- 
pose. 

36. The general plan of these schools was to provide homes, clothing, 
food, education, and employment for these orphan children, until they 
should arrive at the age of sixteen years, when it was thought they 
would be prepared to earn their own livelihood. For this purpose a 
separate department was created, with a Superintendent of Soldiers' 
Orphan Schools at its liead, and other officers, clerks, &c., under him. 
But in 1871 this office was discontinued and its duties imposed on the 
Superintendent of Public Instruction, by whom they are still dis- 
charged. 

37. Careful regulations were made for the admission of children into 
these schools, and the Superintendent was directed to prescribe rules 
for their government, designating the number and grade of employes 
in each school, and the course of study to be pursued, which included 
all tlie common branches, instrumental and vocal music, military tac- 
tics, calistlienics, household and domestic duties, and mechanical and 
agricultural employment. He was required to visit each school once 
each quarter. The orphans of colored soldiers were provided for in a 
separate school. 

38. These scliools were required to malie montlily reports, (as well as 
other schools where orphans were kept,) giving all information required 
by the Superintendent. In cases v/here it was deemed proper for the 
orphan to remain with its surviving parent, relatives, or guardian, the 
superintendent was allowed to give partial relief, not exceeding thirty 
dollars a year. For several years an appropriation was made for the 
purpose of aiding deserving orphans to fit themselves for teachers at 
the normal schools. As the children successively arrived at the age of 
sixteen, efforts were made by the officers of the department and of the 
schools to find good homes and remunerative employment for them, 
and, in many cases, with good success. 

39. By act of 1873, all children born after January 1, 1866, were ex- 
cluded from the schools, and up to 1874 no provision was made for any 
but children of deceased soldiers and sailors of the State. In JVTay of 
that year, it was provided "that all the children of deceased soldiers 
who were formerly residents of this State, and enlisted into the service 
of tlie United States in regiments belonging to other States, and died in 
such service, such children nov/ resident in this State, and the children 
of deceased, destitute, or permanently disabled soldiers or sailors, 
wliether born after or before January, 1866, shall be admitted into the 
soldiers' orphan schools on the same conditions as the orphans of de- 
ceased soldiers and sailors are now admitted : Provided, the number 
shall not exceed one hundred." The same act provided that the schools 
should be fully closed, and the children discharged, on May 31, 1879. 
In 1878, the requirement as to their close was repealed, and the system 
was unlimited as to duration. In 1879, an act was passed directing the 
close of the schools, and the discharge of all children, on June 1, 1885. 
In 1883, an act was passed providing that no admissions shall be made 
to such schools after June, 1887, and that all the schools and homes shall 
close, and the children be discharged, June 1, 1890. 

40. The amount paid annually by the State for the education and 
maintenance of these orphans was as follows : 
For those under ten years of age, in homes or institutions receiving 

appropriations from the State, ,,...,. flOO 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 97 

For those under ten years of age, in homes or institutions not re- 
ceiving appropriations from the State, $110 

For those over ten years of age, 150 

41. The officers of the department, besides the Superintendent of 
Public Instruction, are an inspector, female inspector, chief clerk, and 
one clerk, who receive the following salaries : Superintendent, in addi- 
tion to his salary as Superintendent of Public Instruction, $1,200 ; in- 
spector, $2,000 ; female inspector, $1,200 ; chief clerk, $1,800 ; clerk, 
$1,400. The amount for traveling, incidental expenses, &c., is fixed by 
the Legislature at each session, and received and disbursed by the chief 
clerk. 



98 people's manual. 



CHAFTER, XXV. 



ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE AND STATE 

MILITIA. 



1. The active militia are styled the National Guard of Pennsj^lvania, 
and shall consist in time of peace of not more than one hundred and 
fifty companies of infantry, five companies of cavalry, and five batteries 
of artillery, fully armed, uniformed, and equipjjed, to be distributed 
through the State as the commander-in-chief ( Governor) may deem best, 
and formed into brigades, regiments, and companies. 

2. Every able-bodied male citizen of the State betAveen twenty-one 
and forty-five years of age is liable to military duty, unless exempt by 
some law, but are subject to no active duty, (unless they belong to the 
National Guard,) except in case of war, invasion, insurrection, riot, or 
aiding in the execution of the laws of the State, when all tlie militia 
may be called out by the Governor. 

Orj^aiiization. 

3. The National Guard shall conform as near as possible to the laws 
governing United States troops in organization and discipline, but the 
maximum strength of each company shall be sixty enlisted men, and 
the minimum fifty. The officers and non-com nussioned officers are as 
follows: A commander-in-chief, (the Governor,) with the following 
staff officers : A commissary general, quartermaster general, surgeon 
general, judge advocate, inspector general, inspector of rifle practice, 
chief of artillery, eac^h with the rank of colonel ; assistant adjiitant gen- 
eral, and twelve aids-de-camp, with the rank of lieutenant colonels. 

4. One major general, with the following staff officers: An assistant 
adjutant general, inspector, surgeon-in-chief, quartermaster, commis- 
sary, judge advocate, paymas'er, inspector of rifle practice, ordnance 
officer, each with the rank of iieulenant colonel, and as many aids-de- 
camp as the Governor sees fit to commission. 

5. Each brigade has a brigadier general. wit*h the following staff offi- 
cers: An assistant adjutant general, brigade inspector, brigade quarter- 
master, brigade surgeon, brigade commissary, ordnance officer, and 
judge advocate, eacli with the rank of major; and two aids-de-camp, 
with the rank of captain; and there may be enlisted and attached to 
each brigade a military band. 

6. Each regiment of infantry has a colonel, lieutenant colonel, major, 
adjutant, (extra lieutenant,) quartermaster, (extra lieutenant,) sur- 
g'fon, two assistant surgeons, chaplain, sergeant-major, quartermaster 
sergeant, commissary sergeant, hospital steward, and two principal 
musicians. 

7. Each company of infantry has a captain, first lieutenant, second 
lieutenant, first sergeant, four sergeants, eight corporals, two musicians, 
and a wagoner. 

8. Each company of cavalry has a captain, first lieutenant, second 
lieutenant, first sergeant, quartermaster sergeant, commissary sergeant, 
five sergeants, eight corporals, two trumpeters, two farriers, (or black- 
smiths.) one saddler, and one wagoner. 

9. Each company of artillery has a captain, first lieutenant, second 
lieutenant, first sergeant, quartermaster sergeant, four sergeants, eight 
TOrporals, two musicians, two artificers, and one wagoner. 



EXECUTIVE DEPABTMANT. 99 

10. Every company has a clerk detailed from among the men by the 
captain. 

How Officers are Appointed. 

11. The military officers of the State are apjjointed as folloMS: Major 
general and brigadier generals by the Governor, and confirmed by the 
Senate. 

12. Field officers of regiments and battalions are elected by the com- 
missioned otlicers tbeieof by ballot. 

Commissioned officers of companies are elected by the enlisted men 
thereof by ballot. 

13. Staff officers are appointed as follows : The adjutant general by 
the Governor, quartermaster general and commissary general by the 
Governor, and confirmed by the Senate; all other stafi" officers of the 
commander-in-chief, (Governor,) by him. 

14. Division staff officers are appointed by the major general, brigade 
staff officers hy the respective brigadier generals, and regimental and 
battalion staff officers by their commanders, save that surgeons and as- 
sistant sorgeons must be approved by the surgeon general. 

15. All commissioned officeis are commissioned by the Governor, and 
non-commissioned officers receive warrants from their regimental, bat- 
talion or company commanders. 

Terms of Service, Uniform, Arms, Encampments. 

16. The term of service of all ofiQcers and enlisted men in the Na- 
tional Guard is five years, unless incapacitated for duty, or regularly 
discharged, or dismissed by court-martial. The State furnishes all arms 
and equipments for enlisted men. 

17. Kach company and regiment, regularly organized, shall have 
such uniforms, arms, equipments, instruments of music, armory for 
storing arms and exercise in drill, and such parades, encampments, and 
reviews as are prescribed by law, or may be directed by the commander- 
in-chief or other proper officer, and such organizations, and their offi- 
cers, shall perform such duties and make such reports as are required 
by law, or may be directed by the commander-in-chief or other proper 
officers. 

18. 'I'here is an annual encampment of the National Guard, not ex- 
ceeding eight days, at such time and place as the commander-in-chief 
shall direct, for attending which they shall be furnished with trans- 
portation and subsistence, and be paid for five days' service. 

Compensation. 

19. When in actual service, called out by the Governor, or when on 
duty five days at the annual encampment, or one day each year for in- 
spection, they receive the following coinijensation : Commissioned offi- 
cers, the pay of officers of like grade in the United States army; first 
sergeants, and all non-commissioned staff officers, three dollars per day; 
sergeants, two dollars per day; corporals, one dollar and seventy-five 
cents per day; musicians and privates, one dollar and fifty cents per 
day. 

20. Each infantry company properly organized receives from the 
State five hundred dollars a year, and each cavalry and artillery com- 
pany, one thousand dollars a year, for the purchase of tmiforms, 
blankets, knapsacks, &g., and one hundred dollars for armory rent, 
except in cities or towns of over 15,000 inhabitants, where the allow- 
ance for armory rent is two hundred dollars. 

Adjutant General and His Duties. 

21. The Adjutant General is appointed by the Governor for three 
years, but may be removed by him at any time. He gives bond in the 



100 people's manual. 

sum of $20,000, (as do also the quartermaster general and commissary 
general.) The duties of the Adjutant General are generally : 

22. To distribute all orders from the commander-in-chief, (Governor,) 
and obey all regulations made by law for carrying mto execution and 
perfecting the military system of the State, and be in attendance when 
the commanaer-in-chief reviews the militia. 

To furnish the National Guard and militia with all blank forms and 
rolls that may be required, and all orders, notifications, &c., and to fur- 
nish officers with copies of tactics prescribed for the United States army, 
and such other manuals as the commander-in-chief may direct. 

To make proper abstracts from the returns of brigade commanders, 
and lay them before the commander-in-chief. 

To make an annual return to the President of the United States of 
the militia of the State, in such form as the Secretary of War may pre- 
scribe, and furnish a duplicate thereof to the Governor. 

To codify the military laws of the State, have them printed by the 
State printer, and distribute them among the officers of the National 
Guard. 

To perform the duties of quartermaster general, commissary general 
and inspector general when such officers are not specially ordered on 
duty by the Governor. 

To render to the Auditor General an annual account, witli proper 
vouchers, of all his expenditures as Adjutant General. 

He is chief of staflf of tlie commander-in-chief, and issues all orders 
to the National Guard as directed by the Governor. 

He is secretary of the State military board, and draws all warrants 
on the State Treasurer for claims allowed by it. 

He receives and disburses the money appropriated for the incidental 
expenses of his office. 

He has custody of the records of the Pennsylvania troops that served 
served in the late war of the rebellion and other wars, the records of 
the quartermaster general, commissary general, surgeon general, pay- 
master general, executive military department, transportation and tele- 
graph department, Pennsylvania State agency at Washington, State 
military board, depository of State battle-flags, &c. 

He furnishes to soldiers who served in Pennsylvania regiments, on 
proper application, certificates from the rolls in his olSfice, to assist 
them to make proof of service when discharges are lost ; to make set- 
tlement on Government lands under the homestead act; to make claim 
for bounty, pension, and back pay against the United States, &c. 

State Military Board. 

23. The Adjutant General, Auditor General, and State Treasurer con- 
stitute a "State Military Board," whose duty it is to adjust and audit 
all accounts and claims incident to the organization, discipline, and 
maintenance of the National Guard. The board meets on the first Mon- 
day of April and November of each year, and employs a clerk in the 
office of the Adjutant General at a salary of |600. 

Clerlis and Employees. 

24. In addition to the Adjutant General, there are eleven clerks and 
employes in the Adjutant General's office, and connected therewith, as 
follows : 

Chief Clerk, who has charge of the office in the Adjutant General's 
absence ; recording and pay clerk, ordnance clerk, messenger, keeper 
of the State arsenal, who has general charge of that building and the 
stores therein, with the following employes under him : Armorer, as- 
sistant armorer, carpenter, two laborers, and a night watchman. 

25. (Salaries.— Adjutant General, $2 500; chief clerk, $1,800; clerks, 
$1,400 ; keeper of arsenal, $1,400 ; messenger, $900 ; employes at arsenal 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 101 

5900. The messenger has charge of the room ha the capitol buildhig in 
which are deijosited the State battle flags, and receives therefor $300 a 
year. 

26. The annual allowance for incidental expenses in this office is 
§1,800, aud for freight on arms, expenses of inspection, &c., §1,500. 

27. The National Guard of the State is divided into tlaree brigades, eacli 
brigade comprising one or more counties, and commanded by a briga- 
dier general residing within the territory comprising the brigade. 



102 PEOPLE'S MANUAL. 

CHAPTER XXVI. 
INSURANCE DEPARTMENT. 



1. In 1873, an act was passod creating a new office, designated as the 
"Insurance Department," charged with the execution of the laws of 
the State in relation to insurance and insurance companies. The chief 
officer of ttie department is denominated the Commissioner of Insur- 
ance. He is appointed by the Governor, coniirmed by the Senate, and 
commissioned to serve for three years from the first of May next suc- 
ceeding his confirmation, or tiii his successor is qualified. He must 
take the oath prescribed in the Constitution, and give bond to the State 
in $10,000. All vacancies in the office are filled by the Go\ ernor for the 
unexpired term. 

2. The Insurance Commissioner must see that all laws of the State 
respecting insurance companies and their agents are faithfully carried 
out and enforced, and for this purpose is invested with ample powers 
in relation thereto. All charters of companies required by law to be 
filed with the State authorities must be filed in this office, and the com- 
missioner may furnish copies thereof on proper application. 

3. He makes up and preserves in a permanent form a full and com- 
plete record of all the proceedings of his department, and gives certified 
copies of any record or papers on file in his office, when he deems it 
not prejudicial to the public interest. He reports annually to the Leg- 
islature ihe receipts and expenditures of his department, all his official 
acts, the condition of companies doing business in the State, and such 
other information as will exhibit properly and intelligently the affairs 
and workings of his department. 

4. He exercises a most careful and intelligent supervision over life in- 
surance companies, seeing that they comply fully with all the laws of 
the State made for the protection of policy-holders, and that no com- 
pany IS allowed to do business in the State which is not entirely sol- 
vent. 

6. He exercises a watchful supervision over fire and marine insurance 
companies, compelling all such doing business in the State to make 
good all impairment of capital, and reporting to the Attorney General 
all that are fraudulently conducted, insolvent, have insufficient assets, 
or have not complied with the laws of the State. 

6. The department is a most important one, and affects a large pro- 
portion of the people of the State, and many others besides. The object 
of its creation was to give to the State a safe and stable system of life, 
fire, and marine insurance, to protect legitimate and honest insurance 
companies, drive out of business rotten and worthless concerns, and in- 
sure to policy-holders full security and indemnity. It has met ail these 
expectations fully and completely. 

7. Besides the Insurance Commissioner, there are five other officers 
and employes in the department, as follows: Deputy commissioner, 
who, in addition to acting as deputy, has general supervision of the 
clerical work in the office, and disburses the money for the Incidental 
expenses thereof; actuary, who calculates annually the value of all 
policies of Pennsvlvania life insurance companies, and examines all life 
insurance companies of the State when directed by the commissioner ; 
two clerks, and one messenger. 

8. ^"a/ ones.— Insurance Commissioner, ?!3,000 ; deputy commissioner, 
$1,800; clerks, $1,400; messenger, $900. The law does not limit the 
amount for incidental expenses in this office, but allows the commis- 
sioner to use what may be necessary of its receipts for conducting na 
business properlj^, paying the balance into the Slate Treasury. 



EXECUTIVK EFPAKTMSNT. 103 

CHAPTER XXVII. 
PUBLIC FEINTING AND BINDING. 



1. The public printing and binding is let by contract on the fourth 
Tuesday of January of every fourth year, after advertisement, by the 
Secretary of the Commonwealth, to the lowest and best bidder, for four 
years from the first day of July next succeeding the letting. The bids 
are opened and the contract awarded by the Secretary in the presence 
of the bidders. The contract must be approved by the Governor, 
Auditor General, and State Treasurer before it is valid. 

2. The State printer must keep his office for executing the public 
printing and binding at the State capital, and must always have on 
hand good and sufficient material therefor. No work can be done by 
him until authorized by the Superintendent of Public Printing and 
Binding, except printing the laws, journals of the Legislature, legisla- 
tive and executive documents, and reports of heads of departments. 
All orders for work from any department or office must be directed 
to the Saperintendent, and must describe particularly the work to be 
done and the material to be used. 

Paper and Material. 

3. On the first Monday of June in every second year, after advertise- 
ment, the Superintendent of Public Printing and Binding awards to the 
lowest responsible bidder the contract for furnishing the State with sup- 
plies for executing the public printing for two years from the first of 
July nest ensuing. 

4. Sainples of the kind and qualit3'- of supplies required to be fur- 
nished must be given to bidders, and all contractors must conform 
rigidly to the samples furnished, in tilling requisitions from time to 
time. ' 

6. Contractors must keep in stock the necessary supplies, and the 
superintendent will make orders from time to time, as the supplies are 
needed, to be delivered to the State printer, free of expense for freight 
or boxing. A reasonable amount of stock is kept on hand at all times. 

Superintendent. 

6. The Superintendent of Public Printing and Binding is appointed 
by the Governor every fourth year, and confirmed by the Senate, to 
serve for four years from the first of July next succeeding his confirma- 
tion. He must take the oath prescribed in the Constitution, and give 
bond to the State in $10,000. 

7. He sees that all the department reports are properly printed and 
delivered, supervises the printing of all matter ordered by the Legis- 
lature, and if the State printer fails to comply with his contract, or does 
the work in an inferior manner, or delays it so as to cause inconve- 
nience or detriment to the public interests, he may reject the work en- 
tirely, and with the Governor, Auditor General, and Attorney General, 
employ others to execute it, charging the State printer with"^the excess 
of cost. 

8. He receives and h^s executed all orders for public printing and 
binding made by the Learislature and departments, keeping a complete 
record thereof, and sees that all material for blank-books and for bind' 
ing is furnished by the State printer, except cover paper, 

9. He keeps a record of the supplies furnished by contractors, and 
examines and certifies their accounts before they are settled and paid, 



104 people's MAHrUAIi. 

and sees that all work done for the Legislature and departments is in 
quantity and quality as ordered. 

10. He must keep his office at the State capital, in the building where 
the State printing is done, and have it open throughout the year to per- 
sons interested in the performance of his official duties. He must not 
be interested, directly or indirectly, in the public printing and binding, 
or in furnishing any supplies therefor, or in supplying stationery, 
blanks, or blank-books to any department or office of the State Govern- 
ment. 

11. He makes an annual report to the Governor of the printing and 
binding done for the State, materials furnished, cost thereof, and all 
matters connected with his office. 

General Provisions. 

12. The executive documents contain the Governor's message and all 
reports made to him. The Legislative documents contain the reports 
made to the Legislature ordered printed by it. 

13. The accounts of the State printer for the public printing and 
binding are made quarterly, and after being certified by the Superin- 
tendent as correct, are settled by the Auditor General and State Treas- 
urer, and paid on the Auditor General's warrants. 

Documents Printed. 

14. The regular number of copies of laws, journals, documents, &g., 
to be printed is as follows : 

Pamphlet laws, 15,000. 

Governor's message, 4,000. 

Auditor General's report on finances, 2,250. 

Auditor General's report on banks, 2,250. 

Secretarv of Internal Affairs' report, 3,250 ; his report on railroads, 
canals, (fee", 2,500. 

Report of Bureau of Industrial Statistics, 4,500. 

Adjutant General's report, 2,500. 

Superintendent of Soldiers' Orphans, 3,000. 

State Treasurer's report, 2,500. 

Insurance Commissioner's report of fire and marine companies, 3,000; 
his report of life and accident companies, 3,000. 

Mine Inspectors' report, 3,000. 

Agriculture of Pennsylvania, 25,600. 

Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction, 20,500. 

School laws and decisions, 20,000. 

Report of Board of Public Charities, 5,500. 

Smull's Legislative Hand-Book, 10,000. 

Bills of each House, 450. 

Calendars of each House, 300. 

Journals of each House, 500. 

Legislative and executive documents, 500. 

Report of Superintendent of Public Printing and Binding, 2,250. 

15. The salary of the Superintendent of Public Printing and Binding 
is $2,000. He employs a clerk at $300 a year, is allowed $300 a year for 
office expenses, and $100 a year for office rent. 

liCgislative Record. 

16. On the first Monday of June of every fourth year, after advertise- 
ment by the Secretary of the Commonwealth, the Speakers of the 
Senate and House receive proposals for publishing the Legislative 
Record for a term of four years. They open the bids at the capitol, in 
the presence of the bidders, and allot the contract to the one proposmg 
to do the work at the lowest price. The one receiving the contract 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 105 

must give a bond to the State iu the sum of $5,000, to be approved by 
the president judge of the district in which the sureties reside. The 
Becord K issued luider the superintendency of the Superintendent of 
Public Printing and the printing committees of the two Houses. The 
contract witli the publisher of the liecord must specify in writing, in 
detail, what shall and what shall not be primed in it, and be signed by 
the contractor, Governor, Speakers of the two Houses, State Treasurer, 
and Auditor General. 

17. It consists of not less than four pages each number, closely printed, 
and contains a record of tlie proceedings of the two Houses, including 
notices of presentation and disposition of memorials, petitions, and re- 
monstrances, the introduction, reference, and action on bills and reso- 
lutions, sketches of debates, the yeas and nays on all questions, and gen- 
erally such particulars as shall fairly exhibit the action of both Houses, 
besides such reports as may be inserted by order of either House. 

18. The publisher must procure accurate reports of the proceedings 
of both Houses for publication therein, without any expense to the 
State, and these proceedings must appear in the liecord on the day fol- 
lowing the one in which they occur, and a failure to report, print, and 
deliver the same for two consecutive legislative days is a ibrfeiture of the 
contract. Six thousand copies of each number are printed, four thou- 
sand for the House of Representatives and two thousand for the Senate. 
It must be printed daily, except Sunday, when there is sufficient mat- 
ter to fill four pages. The maximum ^rice fixed by law for its publica- 
tion is fourteen dollars per page, and bids are made at such a rate below 
this price. The successful bidder is the one who off"ers to do the work 
at the highest rate below the maximum price. 



106 people's manual. 



CHAPTER XXVIII, 
MINE IH"SPECTOIlS. 



1. The mining interests of Pennsylvania are very extensive and im- 
portant, forming one of its chief industries and sources of wealth, and 
giving emnloyment to many thousands of persons. For the purpose ot 
properly developing this industry, assisting those interested in it to 
realize the largest measure of success, to protect the lives and interests 
of the laborers in the mines, and to see that all laws of the State relat- 
ing to mmes and mining are respected and enforced, the Governor is 
authorized to appoint mine inspectors in the several districts of the 
State. 

Anthracite Region. 

2. Three inspectors are appointed for the mines and collieries in Lu- 
zerne, Lackawanna, and Carbon «ounties, and three for the counties of 
Columbia, Schuylkill, Dauphin, and Northumberland, to be assigned to 
districts formed therein. They are appointed after an examination by, 
and on the recommendation of, a board of competent examiners selected 
by the courts. They must be thirty years of age, be citizens of the State, 
have a knowledge of the different systems of working coal mines, and 
have been intimately connected with the anthracite mines for five years, 
and have had experience in working mines where tire-damp and noxious 
gases are evolved. Their term of office is five years, but they may be 
removed for neglect of duty, incompetency, &c. 

3. They must take an oath to discharge their duties faithfully, and are 
required"^ to provide themselves with the most approved modern instru- 
ments and chemical tests for carrying out the object of their appoint- 
ment. They must give their whole time and attention to the duties of 
their office, and must examine all the mines and collieries in their dis- 
tricts as often as their duties will permit, to ^ee that every necessary 
precaution is taken to insure the safety of the workmen, and that the 
laws are obeyed. 

4. They must make a report to the (rovernor at the close of each year, 
erfumerating all accidents in and about their mines as directed, and giv- 
ing all required information concerning the interests uuder their charge. 

6. The courts of Luzerne and Schuylkill are each authorized by law 
to appoint a clerk for their mining district, to serve five years. They 
must be citizens of the United States, residents of their respective dis- 
tricts, thirty-five vears of age, conversant with the interests of their dis- 
tricts, and engageVl in no other calling. They may be removed for cause 
bv the judge appointing them. Their offices must be located at Potts- 
ville and Wilkes- Barre respectively, and they nmst keep a record of all 
data, statistics, matters, things, and information relatmg to the coal in- 
terests of their respective districts, which are open to all persons inter- 
ested. 

6. Each mine inspector must make a monthly return to the clerk of 
his district, as directed by law. The salary of each clerk is $1,500 a 
year. For full information on this subject, see acts of 1870, P. L., pp. 3 
and 70. 

JBitumiiious Reg^ion. 

7. The Governor appoints six inspectors of coal mines for the bi- 
tuminous coal fields of the State, for a term of four years, after an ex- 



EXKCUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 107 

amination by, and on the recommendation of, a board of examiners ap- 
pointed by the courts. They umst be citizens of the United States, of 
good character, thirty-five years of age, of four years' experience in 
working the bituminous coal mines of the State, and have good theo- 
retical and practical knowledge of working bituminous coal mines, and 
noxious gases. They are sworn to faithfully' discharge their duties, and 
give bond to the State in the sum of $5,000 each, to be approved by 
the president judge of the judicial district in which they reside. They 
may be removed bj' the Governor for cause, when the same is certified 
to him by the court of the proper county, and the vacancy tilled for the 
unexpired term. 

8. They must devote their whole time to the duties of- their offices; 
must examine all mines in their district as often as possible, to see that 
all laws relating thereto are strictly observed, and see that they are 
properly ventilated and drained. They must make a report monthly 
to the Secretary of Internal Afiairs, covering all matters connected with 
their districts; and that they may be properly prepared to discharge 
their duties intelligently, they must provide themselves with proper 
instruments, books, and apparatus at the expense of the State. They 
may enter any mine at any time for inspection, and must notify the 
proper party of any violation of law, and the penalty therefor; and if 
the law is not then obe^'^ed. may enforce the same through the courts. 
Their annual salary is ¥2,000. The bituminous coal field of the State is 
divided into six districts, as follows, in each of which an inspector re- 
sides : 

9. First District. — That part of Allegheny and Beaver counties lying 
south and west of the Ohio, Monongahela, and Youghiogheny rivers, 
and that part of Westmoreland lying between the Monongahela and 
Youghiogheny rivers, and the counties of Greene and Washington. 

Second District. — That part of the county of Allegheny Lying east of 
the Allegheny'-, INIononaahela, and Youghiogheny rivers, and all that 
part of the county of Westmoreland lying east of the Youghitjgheny 
river. 

Third District. — That part of Beaver county lying north of the Ohio 
-river, and the counties of Butler, Cameron, Clarion, Crawford, Elk, 
Erie, Forest, Jefferson, Lawrence, McKeau, Mercer, Venango, and 
Warren. 

Fourth District. — The counties of Blair, Bradford, Centre, Clinton, 
Huntingdon, Lycoming, Sullivan, Potter, and Tioga. 

Fifth District. — The counties of Bedford, Fayette, and Somerset. 

Sixth District. — That part of Allegheny county lying north of the 
Ohio and Allegheny rivers, and the counties of Armstrong, Cambria, 
Clearfield, and Indiana. 



108 people's manual. 



CHAPTER XXIX. 
VAEIOUS BOARDS. 



I. Board of Revenue Commissioners. 

1. For the purpose of equalizing the assessment of State taxes in the 
several counties and cities, the Auditor General, State Treasurer, and 
Secretary of the Commonwealth are constituted a board of revenue 
commissioners, to meet at least once in every three years. 

2. That they may properly discharge this duty, commissioners of 
counties and cities must furnish them with a statement under oath at 
least ten days before their meeting, of all property assessed for State 
tax, distinguishing between real and personal estate, and all commis- 
sioners and assessors must answer under oath all questions asked 
them by the board. It is their duty to adjust the taxes so as to make 
them bear as equally as possible on alj property taxable for State pur- 
poses according to its actual value. 

3. For this purpose, after collecting all the evidence within their 
reach, and giving it due consideration, they shall assign to each city and 
county the quantity and value of taxable property therein, and the 
quota of tax to be raised thereon, and make a statement of the same. 

4. After thus making the allotment of State tax, they must make a 
duplicate statement thereof, filing one with the Auditor General and the 
other with the State Treasurer. When this is done, the State Treasurer 
must send to the county and city commissioners, or boards of revision 
of taxes, a copy of their valuation and allotment of taxes, directing them 
to collect the same. If the board at any time increase the valuation and 
tax of any city or county, as they may do, the State Treasurer must at 
once notify said city or county thereof. 

5. Cities or counties dissatisfied with their valuation may notify the 
State Treasurer within thirty days after receiving the record, specifying 
their objections, when the board may consider and adjust the same. 
Feeling themselves aggrieved by the final action of the board, they may 
appeal to the court of common pleas of Dauphin county, whose action 
is binding on the Auditor General and State Treasurer in collecting 
their tax and settling their accounts. 

6. Each member receives as compensation for his services $300 for 
each triennial meeting of the board, and they employ a cleric at the 
same compensation. 

II. Board of Property. 

7. The Secretary of Internal Affairs, Attorney General, and Secretary 
of the Commonwealth constitute the board of property, whose duty it is 
to determine all cases of controversy on caveats, in all matters of diflfl- 
culty or irregularity touching escheats, warrants on escheats, warrants 
to agree, rights of preemption, promises, imperfect titles, or other mat- 
ters touching the business of the land office ; but no action of this board 
shall effect the rights of either party at common law to recover posses- 
sion or damages for waste or trespass. 

8. The board has full and discretionary power as to suits for collection 
of liens against unpatented lands, and the Attorney General shall pro- 
ceed therein only when authorized by the board. They, or either of 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 109 

them, have authority to administer oaths in all cases necessary to the 
discharge of their duty. They appoint a clerk at a salary of §200 a 
year. 

III. State Board of Ag;riculture» 

9. This board is composed of the Governor, Secretary of the Common- 
wealtli, Secretary of Internal Affairs, Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion, Auditor General, the president of the Pennsylvania Agricultural 
College, one person appointed by each agricultural society in the State 
entitled to receive an annual bounty from the count}' in which it is 
located, and three other persons appointed by the Governor at large. 
One third of the appointed members retire annually, and all vacancies 
are tilled for the unexpired term. 

10. The board must meet at the State capital once in each year, and 
after this, meetings are held in different sections of the State as often as 
the amount of money appropriated for the expenses will permit. Mem- 
bers receive no compensation from the State other than necessary ex- 
penses when eng:'ged in the duties of the board. 

11. They investigate such subjects relating to improvements in agri- 
culture as they deem proper, prescribe forms for and regulate returns 
from local societies, and make an annual report to the Legislature, which 
is published under the title of "Agriculture of Pennsylvania." 

12. They appoint a secretary at an annual salary of $1,500, who has a 
permanent office at the State capital, under the control of the board, at 
the expense of the State. He conducts the correspondence of the board, 
attends all its meetings, prepares the proceedings for publication, sup- 
ervises the publication of the annual report, and receives and disburses 
all moneys apjiropriated for the expenses of the board. 

13. The purpose of the board is to assist all organizations laboring to 
promote agriculture and its kindred interests ; to have an oversight of 
the artificial manures used in the State ; and to collect the general agri- 
cultural statistics of the State, and publish them in such form as to be 
most useful to those interested. At the meetings of the board, provision 
is alwa3''s made for lectures, essaj^s, and discussions on topics of general 
interest to agriculturists and those engaged in kindred pursuits. 

14. The annual allowance for the incidental expenses of the board, 
for expenses of members in attending meetings, &c., is tixed by the 
Legislature from time to time, but has not yet exceeded |2,500. 

IV. Board of Public Charities. 

15. The board consists of seven commissioners, appointed by the Gov- 
ernor and confirmed by the Senate, for a term of tive years. They elect 
one of their own number president, and appoint outside a secretary and 
general agent. The commissioners take the oath prescribed in the Con- 
stitution, and must meet quarterly in the State capitol. They receive 
no compensation for their services other than their necessary traveling 
expenses. The secretary and general agent of the board holds his office 
for three years, and is a member thereof ex officio. 

16. The object of the board is to have a general supervision of all the 
charitable, reformator}^ and correctional institutions in the State, and 
for this purpose must visit them all once each j^ear. They must visit 
all such institutions receiving State aid at least once each year, to ascer- 
tain whether the moneys appropriated to them are properly used, tha 
objects of the institutions accomplished, and the laws of the State ob- 
served. To secure the end of their appointment, they can visit any such 
institution any time, and have free access to all their grounds, buildings, 
boolis, papers, &c. They examine the returns of the several cities, 
counties, boroughs, townships. <fec., in relation to the support of paupers 
therein, and prepare and furnish blanks for all charitable, correctional, 
and reformatory institutions to make returns upon. The general agent 



110 PEOPLE'S MANUAL,. 

must visit every jail, almsliouse, and poorhouse in tlie State at least 
once in two years, and report their condition to the Legislature. 

17. All institutions desiring State aid must notify the general agent 
of the board on or before the first of November preceding the meeting 
of the Legislature, giving amount to be asked for, and on what grounds. 
On these reports, the board makes such recommendations to the Legisla- 
ture as it deems proper. 

The board discharges many duties in relation to the unfortunate poor., 
under the laws of the State, and reports required to be made by in- 
spectors of prisons, sheriffs, prothoaotaries, clerks of criminal courts, 
and others, to the Secretary of the Commonwealth, must be made to it. 
Before any county prison or poorhouse can be erected, the plan thereof 
must be approved by this board. They make an annual report to the 
Legislature, stating their doings in full, which is published. 

18. The salary of the secretary and general agent is |3,000, and the 
board employs a clerk at $1,500 a year. The incidental expenses are 
limited by the regular appropriations made by the Legislature. 

V. Puhlic Grounds and Buildings. 

19. This board consists of the Governor, Auditor General, and. State 
Treasurer. All repairs, alterations, and improvements made, work done, 
or expense incurred in and about the public grounds and buildings, (ex- 
cept the Senate and House of Representatives,) shall be under their 
control and supervision, and accounts therefor, except what relate to 
the Senate and House of Representatives, sliall be passed on by them. 
The public grounds and buildings mean the capitol grounds and build- 
ings at Harrisburg. 

20. They appoint a superintendent and five watchmen to serve at their 
pleasure. The duties of the superintendent are to have general over- 
sight of the grounds and buildings, and of work and improvements on 
the grounds; to see that they are kept in proper repair; to see that im- 
provements ordered are made ; to employ such laborers as are required ; 
and receive and disburse, with.-.the approval of the commissioners, all 
moneys appropriated for keeping the grounds and buildings in repair. 
The duties of the watchmen are to see that the public property is pro- 
tected and cared for. They need not act as laborers. The salary of the 
superintendent is $1,400, and of the watchmen $900. The Legislature 
appropriates such sums from time to time for repairs and improvements 
as are necessary. 

VI. Port Wardens of Philadelphia. 

21. There is a board of wardens for the port of Philadelphia, consist- 
ing of a master warden, appointed by the Governor for three years, and 
sixteen assistants, elected by the councils of Philadelphia, one by the 
borough of Bristol, in Bucks county, and one by the city of Chester. 
Their duties relate exclusively to the port of Phiradelphia, and its ship- 
ping interests, and we will not enter into any details concerning them. 
The Governor also appoints a harbor master, who acts in conjunction 
with the master warden and assistants, and holds his office at the Gov- 
ernor's pleasure. The salary of the master warden and harbor master 
is $2,500 each ; and the Legislature appropriates from time to time such 
sum as it deems necessary for the proper discharge of the duties of their 
offices. 

VII. Board of Pardons. 

22. The Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of the Commonwealth, At- 
torney General, and Secretary of Internal Affairs, constitute the pardon 
board, and the Governor can grant no pardon, nor commute any sen- 
tence, save on the written recommendation of three of them, after a full 
hearing of the case in open session, after due public notice. These reo- 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. Ill 

ommondations, with the reiisous therefor, are tiled in the Secretary of 
the Coiumouwealtli's office. Tiie duty of the board is ouiy advisory, 
and the Governor is not bound to grant the clemency recommended, 
though he would, perhaps, scarcely refuse to follow their recomm^enda- 
tion. 

23, The board meets regularly on the third Tuesday of each month, 
in the office of the Secretarj^ of the Commonwealth. Each member of 
the board, and its recorder and clerk, receives |500 a year for tlieir ser- 
vices as such. The annual allowance for its incidental exjjeuses is |500. 



112- people's manual. 



CHAPTER XXX, 
STATE LIBRARY. 



1. A State Librarian is appointed by the Governor, and confirmed by 
tlie Senate, every three years, his term to commence on the first Monday 
of February next succeeding his confirmation. He may be removed by 
the Governor for cause. He must take the oath prescribed in the Con- 
stitution and give bond to the State in |2,000. 

2. He has charge of and is responsible for the safe-keeping of the li- 
brary, and receives and disburses ail moneys appropriated for library 
purposes, including the purchase of all books. Pie must report an- 
nually to the Legislature the number of volumes in the library, the 
number purchased, lost, or unreturned, and the amount of money re- 
ceived and expended. 

He receives and forwards all the public documents intended for ex- 
change with the several States and Territories, including the laws. 

3. He may sell, or exchange for new books, the surplus copies of 
■works of which in his judgment there are more copies than required, 
and may sell old editions of books, or exchange them, and sell odd vol- 
umes and broken sets, and replace them with others. 

4. He must reside at the State capital, and appoints an assistant to aid 
him in discharging his duties, (with the consent of the Governor.) 

5. The Supreme Court has the use of the law library during its sit- 
tings in the State capital. There is a law limiting the privilege of tak- 
ing books to the Governor and heads of departments, but by universal 
consent and long custom it has been so construed as to allow the privi- 
lege to clerks and employes of the government resident at the capital. 

6. There are in the library nearly forty thousand volumes, divided 
Into three general classes : Law books, statute laws and State papers, 
and miscellaneous books. 

7. The law books include elementary treatises on nearly every branch 
of law, commentaries, abridgments, digests, indices, essays, and re- 
ports of the several courts of the United States, Federal and State, and 
those of Great Britain. 

8. The statute, laws, and State papers embrace those of the United 
States, the several States and Territories, and Belgium, Canada, Eng- 
land, France, Ireland, Sweden, and Norway. 

9. The miscellaneous books embrace a vast variety of subjects, but 
are intended to include (1) books, pamphlets, naaps, &c., relating to 
the history and industries of Pennsylvania from the beginning under 
Penn; (2) publications relating to American history in general; (3) 
cyclopedias and other works of reference ; (4) general literature. 

10. The salary of the librarian is $1,800, and of the assistant $1,200. 
The annual allowance for expenses is as follows: For freight, postage, 
&c., $500 ; for marking books, $100 ; for reports of Supreme Court for 
exchange, $600 ; for law books and exchanges, |1,500 ; for miscellaneous 
books, $1,500. 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 113 



CHAPTER XXXI. 

HOW EXPE]SrSES OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT 
ARE PAID. 



Members, Officers, and Employees of the liCgislature. 

1. The members of the Legislature are paid their salary, mileage, and 
allowance for stationery by warrants drawn on the State Treasurer by 
the presiding officers of the respective Houses ; and the clerks and em- 
ployes by warrants drawn by the Auditor General, on accounts certified 
by the presiding officer and chief clerk of each House, and settled by 
the Auditor General and State Treasurer. 

State Officers and Judges ot the Courts. 

2. The salaries of all State officers and judges are paid by warrants 
drawn by the Auditor General on the State Treasurer, on accounts 
rendered either monthly or quarterly, and settled by the Auditor Gen- 
eral and State Treasurer. 

Clerks and Employees in the Several Departments. 

3. At the end of each month, a pay-roll is made up in each office or 
department, embracing the names of all clerks and employes therein, 
setting forth the sum due each one. This is certified by the head of the 
department or office and placed in the hands of the State Treasurer. 
At the close of the month, all are paid by the State Treasurer, signing 
the roll as a receipt. 

Incidental Expenses of Departments. 

4. At the beginning of each quarter, the head of each department or 
office makes a requisition on the Auditor General for a warrant for 
one fourth the sum allowed for expenses during the year, more or less, 
which is settled by the Auditor General and State Treasurer, and the 
Auditor General issues his warrant on the State Treasurer therefor, 
charging the officer with the amount. At the close of the quarter, the 
vouchers are tiled in the Auditor General's office, settled by him and 
the State Treasurer, and credited in the account of the office or depart- 
ment filing them. 

Incidental Expenses of the T^egislature. 

5. The incidental expenses of the Legislature, including labor done 
in the halls, committee-rooms, &c., such as sweeping, cleaning, and the 
like, and the allowance for postage, which is $100 to each member, in- 
cluding the Lieutenant Governor, $100 to the clerks of the Senate, and 
$200 to the clerks of the House, to be divided among them, is paid by 
the warrant of the Auditor General on accounts filed by the chief clerks 
of the respective Houses, and settled by the Auditor General and State 
Treasurer. 



114 pkople's manual. 

stationery. Fuel, &c. 

6. Stationery and fuel for the Legislature and for the several depart- 
ments and ofificesof the State government (members of the Legislature 
receive no stationery, but a stated allowance therefor) are furnished 
under contracts, let to the lowest bidders, after advertisement according 
to law, and are paid by warrant of the Auditor General on bills ren- 
dered to him, certitied by the ofiicers entitled under the law to receive 
the supples, which bills are settled by the Auditor General and State 
Treasurer in the same manner as other accounts. 

7. The halls of the two Houses of the Legislature are repaired and re- 
furnished under contracts given to the lowest biddeis after public ad- 
vertisement for proposals therefor, and all contracts for distributing 
public documents are awarded in the same manner, and all moneys due 
contractors therefor are paid by warrant of the Auditor General on the 
State Treasurer on bills rendered by contractors, and certitied as correct 
by the proper officers. 

8. All advertisements published by any officer in any newspaper 
must be published in the regular advertising columns thereof, without 
being leaded or displayed, on an order signed by the officer ordering 
the advertisement, stating the space it shall occupy, and the number of 
times to be inserted. Such advertisements are paid for by warrant of 
the Auditor General on accounts therefor, settled by the Auditor Gen- 
eral and State Treasurer, and cannot be paid for at any higher rates than 
those charged to other advertisers for same space and location. 

Common Schools. 

9. The amount appropriated by the Legislature for common-school 
purposes for each year is one million dollars, distributed as set forth in 
the chapter on " Department of Public instruction," and is paid by war- 
rants drawn by the Superintendent of Public Instruction on the State 
Treasurer in favor of the several school-districts. 

National Guard, 

10. Moneys appropriated for the ordinary expenses and maintenance 
of the National Guard are paid on warrants drawn by the Adjutant Gen- 
eral on the State Treasurer, under regulations j)rescribed by law. 

State Institutions, &c. 

11. Appropriations made by the Legislature to State institutions and 
to institutions receiving aid from the State, are paid by warrants of the 
Governor drawn on the State Treasurer. 

Soldiers' Orphans. 

12. The quarterly accounts of schools for education and maintenance 
of soldiers' orphans are examined and certified by the Superintendent 
of Soldiers' Orphan Schools, and, after being settled by the Auditor 
General and State Treasurer, are paid by the warrant of the Auditor 
General on the State Treasurer. 

Annuities and Gratuities. 

13. Annuities and gratuities granted to individuals by the Legislature 
are paid by warrants of the Auditor General on the State Treasurer, on 
applications in writing made to the Auditor General therefor, settled 
by the Auditor General and State Treasurer. 



EXEOUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 115 

Public Debt and Interest. 

14. The public debt as it matures, and the interest thereon, are paid 
by the Farmers' and Mechanics' National Bank of Philadelphia, which 
is made the fiscal agent of the State by act of assembly, in the manner 
set forth in the chapter on the State Treasury, under the sub-head 
"Sinking Fund," from the funds deposited in the bank for that pur- 
pose by the State Treasurer. 

Mileage ot Mercantile Appraisers. 

15. The mileage of the mercantile appraisers of the several counties is 
paid by the warrant of the Auditor General, on accounts rendered by 
them, and settled by the Auditor General and State Treasurer. 

All claims against the State, unless some other mode of payment 
is provided speciallj^ by law, must be made in regular form, and pre- 
sented to the Auditor General for settlement. After being examined 
and approved by him, they are submitted to the State Treasurer, and, 
if approved by him, they are returned to the Auditor General, who is- 
sues his warrant on the State Treasurer in payment thereof. 

All vouchers for the payment of money by the State Treasurer are 
filed in the Auditor General's office monthly, where they remain. 



116 PEOPLE'S MANUAT- 



CHAPTER XXXII. 
STATE I3SrSTITUTIONS. 



I. Penitentiaries, 

1. There are two penitentiary districts in the State, the eastern and 
western. The penitentiary for the eastern district is located in Phila- 
delphia, and the district comprises the counties of Adams, Berks, Brad- 
ford, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Columbia, Cumberland, Dauphin, Dela- 
ware, Franklin, Lackawanna, Lancaster, Lebanon, Lehigh, Luzerne, 
Lycoming, Monroe, Montgomery, Montour, Northampton, Northum- 
berland, Perry, Philadelphia, Pike, Schuylkill, Snyder, Sullivan, Sus- 
quehanna, Tioga, Union, Wayne, Wyoming, and York. The peniten- 
tiary for the western district is located in Allegheny countv, and the 
district comprises all the counties of the State not enumerated in the 
eastern district. They are both constructed on the principle of solitary 
confinement, and are for the accommodation of prisoners sentenced 
within the respective districts to imprisonment for any period, not less 
than one year, to solitary confinement at labor. 

2 All prisoners are kept separately, at labor, sustained on wholesome 
food of a coarse quality. No access is had to them except by inspectors, 
and officers of the institution, official visitors, or those admitted for 
highly urgent reasons. Prisoners are conveyed to and kept in the peni- 
tentiaries at the expense of the counties in which they are convicted. 
The salaries of the officers are paid by the State. 

3. Persons convicted by the United States courts within the State 
may be confined in these penitentiaries, to be subject to the same dis- 
cipline and treatment as other prisoners, the expense of their keeping 
to be paid by the Federal Government. 

4. The penitentiaries are severally managed by a board of five in- 
spectors, selected from the taxables of the State, to serve five years. 
They appoint a warden, a physician, and a clerk, and fix their salaries, 
as well as the salaries of all other employes. The inspectors serve 
without pay. They see that the accounts are accurately kept of all 
materials, provisions, and supplies furnished, and all sales of manu- 
factured articles ; visit the penitentiaries weekly, speak to every con- 
vict, listen to all complaints, and take action when necessary ; and 
make an annual report to the Board of Public Charities of the condi- 
tion of the institution, number of prisoners, and all things relating 
thereto. 

6. The warden of each penitentiary inust reside therein, and visit 
each cell and apartment, and see each prisoner, at least once every day. 
He keeps the records, showing the number of prisoners received, died, 
pardoned, discharged, escaped, complaints made, punishments inflicted, 
visits of inspectors and physicians, and all other matters that concern 
the State. Tie appoints and dismisses all employes, under the direc- 
tion of the inspectors ; sees that the rules are obeyed ; inflicts all pun- 
ishments under the rules, and must not be absent a night Vi^ithout per- 
mission in writing from two inspectors, and shall not be present when 
the inspectors make their stated visits, unless required by them. He 
furnishes to eacli county an account of the expense of their prisoners, 
and the labor done by them, and a similar account to the Legislature. 

6. The regulations concerning overseers and all employes are very 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 117 

Strict, and they must give the utmost atteution to convicts, and see that 
every rule concerning them is strictly eulorced. And they are forbidden, 
under severe penalties, to receive from anj'' prisoner, or any one in 
their behalf, any emolument or reward whatever, or promise thereof, 
for an3^ service rendered. The use of tobacco and intoxicating liquors 
is prohibited. 

7. The official visitors of the penitentiaries are the Governor, mem- 
bers of the Legislature, Secretary of the Commonwealth, Attorney 
General, judges of the supreme court, president and associate judges of 
all courts iu the State, mayor and recorder of the cities of Philadelphia, 
Pittsburgh, Allegheny, and Lancaster, and the sheriff and commis- 
sioner ofthe several counties of the State. 

8. Convicts must be discharged at the end of their term without any 
delay or expense whate%^er, under anj^ proceeding to compel payment 
of costs, fines, &.G., if they show under oath their inability to pay. For 
good conduct, prisoners may be allowed a deducLiou of one month on 
each of the first two years of their term, two months on each of the 
next three j^ears, three months on each of the next five j-ears, and four 
months on each remaining year, and be discharged so much the sooner. 
Each prisoner, at his discharge, whose residence is within fifty miles of 
the penitentiary, receives five dollars I'rom the State, and each one 
whose residence is fifty miles (or more) distant, receives ten dollars, to 
bear their expenses home. Courts are not permitted to sentence pris- 
oners so that their term will expire between November 15 and Feb- 
ruary 15 following. (This provision amounts to nothing.) Wardens 
of the penitentiaries receive an annual salary of $2,600. 

II. Industrial Retormatory. 

9. The industrial reformatory of the State is located in Huntingdon 
county. It is under the direction of a board of five managers, ap- 
pointed by the Governor, who have charge of its business affairs and 
make all needful regulations for its conduct. They receive no com- 
pensation other than necessary expenses. 

10. This institution is for the reception of all male criminals, between 
the ages of fifteen and twenty-five years, not known to have been pre- 
viously sentenced to any penitentiary or State prison in this or any 
other State, who shall be" legally sentenced thereto by any court of com- 
petent jurisdiction. 

The discipline is such as is best calculated to promote and encourage 
the reformation of the prisoners confined therein. 

III. Hospitals tor the Insane. 

11. There are five State hospitals for the insane, located as follows: 
One at Harrisburg, for the counties of Adams. Bedford, Bucks, Blair, 
Cumberland, Dauphin, Franklin, Fulton, Huntingdon, Juniata, Lan- 
caster, Lebanon, Mifflin, Northumberland, Perry, Schuylkill, Union, 
and York. 

12. One at Dixmont, in Allegheny county, for the counties of Arm- 
strong, Allegheny, Beaver, Butler, Cannbria, Fayette, Greene, Indiana, 
Jefferson, Lawrence, Somerset, Washington, and Westmoreland. 

L3. One at Danville, Montour county, for the counties of Bradford, 
Carbon, Centre, Clinton, Clearfield, Columbia, Lackawanna, Luzerne, 
Lycoming, Monroe, Montour, Pike, Potter, Sullivan, Susquehanna, 
Tioga, Wavne, and Wyoming. 

14. One at Warren, in Warren county, for the counties of Cameron, 
Clarion, Crawford, Elk, Erie, Forest, McKean, Mercer, Venango, and 
Warren. 

15. And one at Norristown, Montgomery county, for the counties of 
Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lehigh, Montgomery, Northampton, and 
Philadelphia. 

16. These hospitals are for the reception, maintenance, and treatment 



118 people's manual. 

of tliG criminal and indigent insane of the several counties of the dis- 
tricts in which they are located, who may be placed therein according 
to Jaw. 

17. The courts have power to commit to these institutions persons 
charged with any offense punishable with death or imprisonment, who 
are found to have been insane when the offense was committed, and 
who shall continue insane, the expense of maintaining them to be borne 
by the county sending them. They may also commit persons found by 
legal proceedings to be insane. Poor overseers have authority to send 
insane paupers to these hospitals. Prisoneis contined in the peniten- 
tiaries on becoming insane may be removed to these hospitals, at the 
cost of their respective counties. Private patients may also be received 
and treated. Patients are admitted from the several counties in each 
district according to the ratio of their insane population. 

18. The expense of maintaining indigent insane persons committed 
by the courts is borne by the poor district in which was their last legal 
settlement, or if they had no such settlement, then b^^ the county where 
found a lunatic. In the order of admission, the indigent insane always 
have precedence over the rich, and recent casesover those of longstand- 
ing. Indigent persons and paupers are charged for care and medical 
attendance actual cost ; paying patients, according to the terms directed 
by the trustees. 

19. On application to the proper courts, persons confined in any insane 
asylum may be restored to their friends or relatives, under such terms 
as the law directs. 

20. The hospital near Pittsburgh has a department in that city for the 
"sick" and "persons receiving accidental injuries." 

21. Superintending physicians of these hospitals must be married men, 
and reside with their families in the hospitals of which they have charge. 
They are appointed for a term of not less than ten years, but may be 
removed for cause. 

22. The hospitals at Harrisburg, Danville, and Warren are governed 
and managed by a board of nine trustees, appointed by the Governor; 
the one at Pittsburgh by a board of managers, twenty-one of whom are 
elected by the corporators, three are appointed by the Governor, and 
the rest are managers for life, made such by the payment of $1,000 to 
the institution ; and the one at Norristown by thirteen managers, five 
of whom are appointed by the Governor, two by the councils of Phila- 
delphia, and one by the county commissioners of each of the other coun- 
ties in the district. They receive no compensation but their necessary 
expenses. Tliey make all needed regulations for the government of 
their respeotive'institutions, appoint the superintending physicians, and 
all necessary officers. The superintending physician appoints all sub- 
ordinate officers and employes, and has direction of their duties. 

23. The salaries of the superintending physicians are as follows : Hos- 
pital at Harrisburg, $3,000; at Dixmont, |3,000 ; at Danville, f2,550; at 
Warren, $2,500; at Norristown, $3,000; all paid by the State. 

IV. Houses ot Refuge. 

24. The State has two houses of refuge, one located in Philadelphia 
and the other at Morganza, in Washington county. The one in Phila- 
delphia is called "The House of Refuge," and the one at Morganza the 
"Pennsylvania Reform School." They are for the reception, care, and 
reformation of infants under twenty-one years of age, (in case of " -touse 
of Refuge " females under eighteen,) committed in either of the follow- 
ing modes : 

First. — By magistrates, aldermen, or justices of the peace, on com- 
plaint and proof made by parents, guardians, or next friends, that by 
reason of incorrigible or vicious conduct they are beyond their power, 
and it is necessary for their future welfare that they be committed. 

Second. — By the same authority, on complaint and proof that they 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 119 

are proper subjec's for the house of refuge, in consequence of vagrancy, 
or incorrigible or vicious conduct, or wiiero, from the moral depravity 
or otherwise of those having cliarge of them, they are until or unwilling 
to exercise proper care and discipline over them. 

Third. — By the courts, when taken as vagrants, or upon any criminal 
charge, or duly convicted of criminal olfenses. 

25. The institution at Morganzix is for the countiesof Allegheny, Arm- 
strong, Beaver, Butler, Crawford, Cambria, Clarion, Erie, Elk, Fayette, 
Forest, Greene, Indiana, JeH'erson, Lawrence, Mercer, Venango, Wash- 
ington, and Westmoreland. The one at Philadelphia is for the balance 
of the State. 

26. The house of refuge is managed by a president, tvvo vice presi- 
dents, treasurer, secretary, and twenty-one managers, elected annually 
by the niembers of the association. The Pennsylvania Reform School 
is" managed by a president, vice president, treasurer, and secretarj^ 
elected by tlie members of the association ; twelve managers appointed 
by the Governor, and one manager appointed by each county subscri- 
bing to the institution under the act of ISol. These managers make such 
regulations for the government of the institution, and the instruction, 
discipline, employment, and disposition of the inmates, liot contrary to 
law, as they deem proper, and appoint all < fficers, agents, employes, 
and servants, and designate their duties. They must make an annual 
report to the Legislature, giving all necessary information, and an ac- 
count of the receipts and expenditures for all purposes. 

27. The managers have authority to place the inmates at such employ- 
ment, and cause them to be instructed in such knowledge, as may be 
suited to their yeais and capacity during their minority, and, with their 
consent, bind them out to some proper trade. The children committed 
to the Pennsylvania Reform School by legal process are maintained by 
the counties whence they come, and, in case of sickness, may have spirit- 
ual advice from any recognized clergymen. Infants convicted in any 
court of tlie LTnited States for the western district of Pennsylvania may 
be connnitted to the school at Morganza if residents of any county for 
which it was erected. 

The judges of the courts of common pleas and the recorder of Phila- 
delphia, and the judges of the courts (jf common pleas of Allegheny 
county are directed to visit the respective houses of refuge in such man- 
ner as they may arrange among themselves, at least once in every two 
weeks, and carefully examine into all commitments made, and if any 
are not in proper form, direct the infant's discharge forthwith. 

28. The superintendent of the House of Refuge, at Philadelphia, re- 
ceives an annual salary of $2,500, and the assistant superintendent, 
81,750. The superintendent of the Pennsj'lvania Reform School, at 
Morganza, receives §1,500 a year, and the assistant superintendent, $750, 
all paid by the State. The schools are erected and maintained by the 
State. 

V. Institutions for the Deat, Dumb, and Blind. 

29. Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb is located in 
Philadelphia, and is supported by the annual and life subscriptions of 
its members, donations and legacies of the charitable, by appropriations 
from the State from year to year, and hy money received lor the educa- 
tion of children whose parents are able to pay. It is governed by a 
board of directors chosen by the corporation, and by such officers as are 
chosen at the annual meeting of the members. 

30. Indigent children from all parts of the State are received into this 
institution, and maintained and educated, so far as its funds will ad- 
mit. If more apply than can be accommodated, they shall be fairly ap- 
portioned among the several counties. Preference shall always be given 
to the children of this State. No child can be educated at the expense 
of the State who is under ten or over twenty years of age, nor for a 



120 PEOPLE'S MANUAIi. 

longer time than six years. Tlie sum of $220 is allowed yearly by the 
State for each Indigent deaf mute in the institution educated and main- 
tained at tlie public expense. 

31. The Western Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the 
Deaf and Dumb is located at Pittsburgh, and maintains and iustructs 
deaf and dumb infants at the expense of the State, as well as others, 
on the same terms as the institution in Philadelphia. 

32, The indigent blind are supported and instructed at the Pennsyl- 
vania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, located in Philadel- 
phia, at the expense of the State, No pupil can remain in the institu- 
tion at the cost of the State more than eight years. The sum allowed by 
the State for the maintenance and Instruction of each indigent pupil ia 
1300 a year. 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 121 



CHAPTER XXXIII. 

SUBJECTS AND RATES OF TAXATION FOR STATE, 
COUNTY, TOWNSHIP, BOROUGH, AND SCHOOL 
PURPOSES. 



State Taxes. 

1. All corporations doing business in the State, or having money em- 
ployed therein, except foreign insurance companies, banks, and savings 
institutions, shalJ pay to the State Treasurer an annual tax, to be com- 
puted as follows : One half mill on each dollar of capital stock, for 
every one per cent, of dividend declared, wliere the dividend is six per 
cent, or more a year. Where the dividend is less than six per cent, a 
year, or where no dividend is declared, then the tax is three mills on 
each dollar of a valuation of the capital stock, made according to law. 
All limited partnerships doing business in the State, or engaged in any 
way in the transportation of freight or passengers therein, come under 
this law, except those organized for manufacturing or mercantile pur- 
poses. 

2. All transportation and telegraph companies, or limited partner- 
ships engaged in such business, whether incorporated or not, doing 
business in the State, shall jjay to the State Treasurer annually a tax of 
eight tenths of one per cent, on their gross receipts in the State. 

3. All insurance comj^anies organized under the laws of the State, 
and doing business for profit, shall pay to the State Treasurer semi- 
annually a tax of eight tenths of one per cent, on the gross amount of 
premiums received by them within the State. 

4. All private banks and bankers, and unincorporated banking and 
savings institutions, express companies, palace and sleeping car com- 
panies, and all corporations incorporated by or doing business in the 
State, except such as are liable to a tax on capital stock or gross receipts, 
and banks, trust companies, and savings institutions having capital 
stock, and foreign insurance companies, shall pay to the State Treasurer 
three per cent, on their net earnings or income, in addition to all other 
taxes ; but banks and savings institutions incorporated by the State, and 
National banks, may, in lieu of this tax, pay a tax of six tenths of one 
per cent, on the par value of their stock, which will exempt them from 
all other taxes, State or local, except on their real estate. 

5. All foreign insurance companies doing business in the State must 
pay to the State Treasurer annually three per cent, on all preuiiums re- 
ceived in the State. 

6. All foreign corporations, except insurance companies, having an 
office in this State, but not investing or using its capital therein, must 
obtain from the Auditor General an annual license therefor, for which 
they shall pay to the State Treasurer one fourthof a mill on each dollar 
of their authorized capital, save corporations paying tax in some other 
way. The accounts for the foregoing taxes are kept in the Auditor 
General's office, and collected by'the Auditor General and State Treas- 
urer. 

7. Notaries public pay to the State Treasurer S25 each for their com- 
missions; and in Philadelphia, five per cent, on their gross income addi- 
tional, and in the balance of the State fifty per cent- of their gross in- 
come in excess of ?1,500, after deducting actual office expenses. 

8. All mortgages, money owing by solvent debtors, whether by prom- 



122 people's manual. 

issory note, or penal or single bill, bond or judgment, all articles of 
agreement and accounts bearing interest, except notes or bills for work 
or labor done and obligations to banks for money loaned, also all shares 
of stock in any bank, banking or savings institution or company in- 
corporated by the State, and all public loans or stocks, whether county, 
city, borough, township, or whatever they may be, except of the State 
and the United Slates, and all money loaned or invested in another 
State, and all other moneyed capital in the hands of individual citizens 
of the State, and all money loaned by building associations, are taxable 
at the rate of four mills on the dollar annually. 

9. Household furniture (including gold and silver plate) in excess of 
$300, stage-coaches, hacks, cabs, omnibuses, annuities over $200 not paid 
by the State or United States, and all property held, owned, used or 
Invested for the use of another, are taxable at the rate of thr"ee mills on 
the dollar. 

Pleasure carriages are taxable at the rate of one per cent, on the 
assessed value. 

Gold lever watches and others of equal value are taxed one dollar 
each ; other gold watches, silver lever watches, and other silver watches 
of equal value, seventy-five cents each, and all other watches, worth 
twenty dollars or more, fifty cents each. 

10. All estates passing after the death of the grantor to any party other 
than the father, mother, husband, wife, children, and lineal descendants 
of the grantor, (born in lawful wedlock,) shall pay to the State a tax of 
five per cent, on their clear value. This is called the collateral inheri- 
tance tax. 

n. All dealers in merchandise whose annual sales exceed $1,000, and 
all feme sole dealers whose annual sales exceed $2,000, brewers and dis- 
tillers, keepers of billiard saloons and bowling alleys, licensed tavern 
keepers, restaurant and eating-house keepers, auctioneers, and whole- 
sale liquor dealers, pay such annual tax to the State as is assessed by 
the meicantile appraiser, who is appointed in December of each year 
by the county commissioners. (See mercantile appraisei-s.) 

12. Prothonotaries, registers, and recorders of the several counties col' 
lect the following taxes for the State : On every original writ, (except 
habeas corpus,) every amicable action, every certiora7'i, every entry or 
confession of judgment where suit has not been commenced, fifty cents ; 
on every transcript from a justice of the peace or alderman, including 
appeals, twenty-five cents ; every probate of a will and granting letters 
testamentary thereon, and every case of granting letters of administra- 
tion, fifty cents ; every deed or other instrument in writing offered for 
record, fifty cents; every commission recorded for health officer, laza- 
retto physician, port physician, superintendent of powder magazine, 
prothonotary, clerk of any court, register of wills, recorder of deeds, 
sheriff, and interpreter, $10 ; every magistrate, j ustice of the peace, and 
alderman, $13. 

13. Hawkers and peddlers are required to pay to the county treasurer 
for the use of the State the following licenses : To travel on foot in the 
county, $8 ; with one hor.se and vehicle in the county, $16 ; with two 
horses and vehicle in the county, $25. For a State license, to be paid to 
the treasurer of the county where the application is made, to travel with 
one horse and vehicle, $40 ; with two horses and vehicle, $50. 

14. Theaters, circuses, &c., must pay the following annual licenses : 
In Philadelphia, $500; in Allegheny county, $200; in all other counties, 
$50. Menagerie license in Philadelphia, $200; in Allegheny county, 
$100 ; and in all other counties, $80 : Provided, That a license may be 
granted to any theater, circus, menagerie, dramatic company, or eques- 
trian troupe for the whole State on payment of $1,000. In all cases, the 
license must be paid to the treasurer of the county where the license is 
applied for. 

15. Prothonotaries, clerks of courts, and recorders of deeds of all coun- 
ties having less than one hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants, shall 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 123 

pay to the State Treasurer, for the use of the State, fifty per cent, of all 
fees received by them yearlj^ in excess of $2,000, clerk hire, and station- 
ery, (in case of recorders, necessary clerk hire and office expenses;) 
sherifls, in all counties of over ten thousand and less than one hundred 
and fifty thousand inhabitants, shall paj' to the State fifty per cent, 
yearly of all fees received in excess of ?!5,0'00, clerk hire, and stationery. 
The taxes enumerated in paragraphs 8 to 15, inclusive, are all collected 
by the several county oflicers, and bj-^ them paid into the State Treasury. 

County Taxes. 

16. The following classes of property are taxable for county purposes : 
1, all houses, lands, lots of pjround, ground rents, mills and manufacto- 
ries, malt houses, furnaces, forges, bloomaries, distilleries, sugar houses, 
breweries, tan-j-ards, and ferries; 2, all horses, mules, and cattle above 
four years old ; 3, all offices and posts of profit, professions, trades, and 
occupations, and all single freemen over twenty-one years of age, not 
following any occupation or calling. 

17. The following classes of property are taxable for county as well as 
for State purposes : All shares of stock or weekly deposits in any unin- 
corporated savings fund institution, and all public loans and stocks 
whatsoever, except those of this State, and all money loaned or invested 
on interest in anj- other State ; all household furniture, (including gold 
and silver plate,) in excess of $300, at the rate of three mills on the dol- 
lar ; all pleasure carriages kept for use, at the rate of one cent on the 
dollar. 

18. The commissioners of each county, after the general election, 
yearly make an estimate of the probableexpenses of the county for the 
next year. After the assessors have made their return of assessments, 
and the valuation has been settled and adjusted, the commissioners fix 
the rate of taxation for county purposes for the coming year, by ascer- 
taining what rate per cent, the tax required to meet the county expenses 
is of theaggregate valuation of property in the county taxable for county 
purposes. Example: The valuation of all property taxable for county 
purposes is S-t.oOO.OOO; the estimated expenses of the county for the next 
3'ear are $45,000; the tax rate will be ten mills on the dollar of the val- 
uation of all propertv assessed for county purposes, because $45,000 is 
one per cent, of $4,500,000. 

Township Taxes. 

19. Road taxes in the several townships are levied on the same classes 
of property as county taxes, on the basis of the last adjusted valuation 
made for county purposes. The rate cannot exceed one cent on the 
dollar of the valuation in any year, but the supervisors may levy and 
collect a special tax to pay a debt due a former supervisor or overseer ; 
and, when so directed by the courts, may levy and collect a special tax 
for paying other special indebtedness. 

By an act passed in 1881, "all subjects and things made taxable for 
State or county purposes are made taxable for the support and mainte- 
nance of the poor," save that "all mortgages, judgments, and recogni- 
zances whatsoever, and all moneys due or owing upon articles of agree- 
ment for sale of real estate," are "exempt from all taxation except for 
State purposes." The rate to be levied by overseers cannot exceed one 
cent on the dollar of the valuation at any one time. The law relating 
to taxes for road and poor purposes is the same for boroughs as for town- 
ships. 

School Taxes. 

20. All property subject to State or county tax is taxable for school 
purposes, except " mortgages, judgments, and recognizances, and money 
due and owing on articles of agreement for sale of real estate," exempted. 



124 people's manual. 

by act of 1881. The directors of each district must levy and collect an- 
nually tax enough, with the State appropriation, to keep the schools 
thereof open not less than four nor more than ten months. They may 
also, once each year, levy and collect a special tax, not exceeding the 
amount of the regular annual tax for the same year, to be applied to 
purchasing grounds and erecting school-buildings. In levying taxes, 
school-boards are limited to the objects of taxation contained in the last 
adjusted valuation furnished them by the county commissioners. 

Borough Taxes, 

21. All property taxable for county purposes is liable to taxation for 
borough purposes, at a rate not exceeding five mills on each dollar of 
valuation, as assessed and adjusted for county purposes. But, in addi- 
tion to this, each borough can levy and collect a tax on dogs each year, 
as follows: From the owner of but one dog, one dollar ; from the owner 
of but one bitch, two dollars ; and such additional tax from the owners 
of more than one dog or bitch as they may deem proper. 

Property Exempt trom Taxation. 

22. The following property is exempt from all taxation : All churches, 
meeting-houses, or other regular places of stated worship, with the 
grounds thereto annexed, necessary for the occupancy and enjoyment 
of the same ; all hospitals, universities, colleges, seminaries, academies, 
associations and institutions of learning, benevolence, or charity, with 
the grounds thereto annexed, and necessary for the occupancy and en- 
joyment of the same, founded, endowed, and maintained by public or 
private charity; and all school-houses belonging to any county, bor- 
ough, or school-district, with the grounds thereto annexed, and neces- 
sary for the occupancy and enjoyment of the same ; and all court-houses 
and jails, with the grounds tlier'eto annexed : Provided, That all prop- 
erty, real or personal, other than that which is in actual use and occu- 
pation, for the purposes aforesaid, and from which any income or rev- 
enue is derived, shall be subject to taxation, except when exempted by 
law for State purposes. 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 125 



CHAPTER XXXIV. 
ELECTIONS. 



When Held, 

1. Two elections occur in the State in each year— the general election 
for State and county officers, members of Congress, and of the Legisla- 
ture, and judges of the courts, and the spring election for city, ward, 
borough, and township officers. The general election is held on the 
Tuesdaj' next following the first Monday of November, and the spring 
election on the third Tuesday of February. 

What Officers Blected. 

2. At the general election, a governor, lieutenant governor, auditor 
general. State treasurer, secretary of intern a^aflf'airs, and judges of the 
supreme court are elected by the voters of the State at large. Common 
pleas, orphans' court, and associate judges, senators and representa- 
tives, and members of congress are elected in districts formed by the 
Legislature. Sheriffs, prothonotaries, registers of wills, recorders of 
deeds, clerks of the courts, county treasurers, district attorneys, coro- 
ners, county commissioners, county auditors, county surveyors, county 
solicitors, county controllers, jury commissioners, and other county of- 
ficers, if any others are to be chosen, are elected in the several counties. 

All city, borough, ward, and township officers, and school-directors, 
and poor overseers are elected at the spring election by the voters of 
the respective cities, boroughs, wards, and townships. 

Who May Vote. 

3. Every male citizen, twenty-one years of age, possessing the follow- 
ing qualifications, shall be entitled to vote at all elections : 

First. He shall have been a citizen of the United States at least one 
month. 
Second. He shall have resided in the State one year (or, if having 

Ereviously been a qualified elector or native-born citizen of the State, 
e shall have removed therefrom and returned, then six months) im- 
mediately preceding the election. 

Third. He shall have resided in the election district where he shall 
ofifer to vote at least two months immediately preceding the election. 

Fourth. If twenty -two j'ears of age, or upwards, he shall have paid, 
within two years, a State or county tax, which shall have been assessed 
at least two months, and paid at least one month, before the election. 

Election Districts. 

4. Townships, boroughs, and wards of cities or boroughs, constitute 
the election districts. Courts of quarter sessions have jurisdiction in 
the matter of forming or dividing districts In cities of over a hundred 
thousand inhabitants, election districts shall be divided whenever at the 
next preceding election more than two hundred and fifty votes shall 
have been cast therein. Ail other districts may be divided whenever 



126 PEOPIiE'S MANUAL. 

the courts think it necessary for the public interest and the convenience 
of the electors. 

Election Officers. 

10. The officers for holding tlie elections in each district are a judge, 
two inspectors, and two clerlis. The judge and inspectors are elected 
annually by the voters, at the spring election. Each elector may vote 
for a candidate for judge and one candidate for inspector. Each in- 
spector appoints one clerk. Thus the leading political parties are nearly 
always represented on the election boards. Election expenses are paid 
out of the county treasury. 

Manner of Voting. 

11. All elections are by ballot. The clerks must keep a listof all elec- 
tors, in the order in which they vote, with the number of each written 
opposite his name. Every ballot must be numbered to correspond with 
the number written opposite the name of the elector casting it. Any 
elector may write his name on his ballot. Election officers are sworn 
not to disclose how any elector may vote, unless required to do so as a 
witness in a judicial proceeding. 

To Whom Returns are Made. 

12. Election officers make their returns of the general elections to the 
prothonotary of the proper county, by whom they are laid before the 
court of common pleas on the second day after the election is held, for 
computation. After such computation, the certitied result is forwarded 
to the Secretary of the Commonwealth by the prothonotary. Returns 
of the election of justices of the peace, aldermen, and magistrates are 
also made to the prothonotary. Returns of the election of township, 
ward, and borough officers, including school-directors and overseers, 
are made to the court of quarter sessions. 



JUDICIAL DErAKTMENT. 127 



JUDICIAL DEPARTMEiNT. 



CHAPTER XXXV. 
THE SUPREME COURT. 



1. The judicial power of the State is vested in a supreme court, 
courts of common pleas, 03 er and terminer and general jail delivery, 
quarter sessions of the peace, orphans' courts, magistrates' courts, and 
such others as the Legislature may establish, including aldermen and 
justices of the peace. 

2. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial tribunal in the State, 
and consists of seven judges, elected by the voters of the State at large 
for a term of twenty-one years, and cannot be leelected. The judge 
whose commission will first expire is chief justice. Its jurisdiction ex- 
tends over the whole State, and the judges are, by virtue of their offi- 
ces, justices of oj^er and terminer and general jail delivery in the several 
couiities. They have original jurisdiction in cases of injunction, where 
a corporation is a party defendant, of habeas corpus, of ynayidamus to 
courts of inferior jurisdiction, and of quo warranto as to all State 
officers whose jurisdiction extends over all the State. They have ap- 
pellate jurisdiction in all cases. In ail cases of felony, homicide, and 
in such other criminal cases as may be provided by law, the accused, 
after conviction, maj' remove the indictment, record, and all proceed- 
ings into the Supreme ("Jourt for review. 

B. No duties can be imposed by law upon the Supreme Court, or any 
judge thereof, which are not judicial, nor can any judtre thereof exer- 
cise any appointing power except as provided in the Constitution. 
When two judges are to be elected at the same time, ench voter shall 
vote for one only, and when three are to be elf cted, each voter may 
vote for two, and those receiving the highest vote shall be declared 
elected. If two or more are elected at the same time, they shall cast 
lots for priority of commission. 

4. They must reside within the State during their continuance in 
office, and they receive an annual salary of $8,000, with $500 additional 
to the chief justice. They can receive no other compensation, fees, or 
emoluments of office whatever, nor hold any other office or appoint- 
ment of profit under the United States, this State, or any other State, 
during their continuance in office. 

5. In case of any vacancy happening in the court by reason of death, 
resignation, or other cause,' it shall be filled by appointment of the Gov- 
ernor, until the first Monday of .January next succeeding the first gen- 
eral election which shall occur three months or more after the vacancy 
occurs. 

6. The judges shall render a written opinion in every case in which 
a judgment of reversal is rendered by them, and in such other cases as 
the majority of judges shall deem of sufficient importance. 



128 people's manual. 

7. For the purpose of holding the sessions of the court, and the better 
to accommodate all parties having causes to be heard tlierein, the State 
is divided into tliree districts, the Eastern, Middle, and Western. The 
judges have power to re-arrange these districts from time to time by- 
transferring counties from one to the other, to change the return days 
in the several districts, and to change, increase, or diminish the number 
of weeks in the respective terms. Tlais is done by rules adopted from 
time to time. The court may adopt such rules of practice in each dis- 
trict as it deems best, and the judges apjjoint a prothonotary lor each 
district, who acts as clerk of the court and issues all its writs, process, 
<fec., keeps its records, certifies records and papers, &c. He resides at 
the. place where the court holds its sittings, and has charge of the seal 
and records for that district. 

8. There is one term of the court held in each district yearly. The 
term for the Eastern district commences on the first Monday o'f Janu- 
ary, and continues until the commencement of the term for the Middle 
district. The term for the Western district commences on the first 
Monday of October, and continues seven weeks. The term for the 
Middle district commences on the first Monday of May, and continues 
two weeks. The sessions for the Eastern district are held in Phila- 
delphia ; for the Middle district, in Harrisburg, and for the Western 
district, in Pittsburgh. 

State Reporter, 

9. The Governor appoints, for a term of five years, a State Reporter, of 
known integrity and learning in the law, to be sworn to the faithful 
discharge of his duties, and who must give bond to the State in $2,000. 
He may be removed by the Governor for cause, or on address of the 
judges of the court in writing. He must attend all the sessions and 
consultations of the court, and under its direction report and prepare 
for publication its decisions; but. before publication, he must submit 
the syllabus of every case to the judge delivering the opinon, for cor- 
rection and approval. His salary is f3,000, and he must pay all fees 
received into the State Treasury. 



JUDICIAL, DEPAKTMENT. 129 



CHAPTER XXXYI. 
COMMON PLEAS AND OTHER COURTS. 



Constitutional Provisions. 

1. After the Supreme Court, the courts of cominon pleas come nest 
in dignity and importance. They are organized in every county in tJie 
State, and bring tiae administration of justice almost to the door of every 
citizen. The common pleas judges are also judges of, and hold the 
courts of oyer and terminer and general jail delivery, the courts of 
quarter sessions of the peace, and the orphans' courts where no sepa- 
rate orphans' courts are established by law. 

2. The State is divided into separate judicial districts, in each of which 
one judge is elected, learned in the law, for a term of ten years, and 
such additional law judges as the law provides. Every county contain- 
ing forty thousand inhabitants, or more, forms a separate judicial dis- 
trict. Counties containing less than forty thousand inhabitants are 
formed into convenient single districts, or attached to contiguous dis- 
tricts, as the Legislature may provide. No district can contain more 
than four counties. In every county which does not form a separate 
judicial district, two associate judges are elected for a term of five years, 
who need not be learned in the law. 

3. In Philadelphia county, there are four separate courts, of three 
judges each, with equal and coordinate powers, l^nown as courts of com- 
mon pleas. No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, and No. 4. Suits are brought without 
stating in which court, and tlie courts distribute the business as pro- 
vided in their rules, but atiy cause once assigned to a particular court 
shall remain there. The same is the case in Allegheny county, but 
there are only two courts of three judges each. The number of these 
courts may be increased from time to time by law, and shall be desig- 
nated by successive numbers. The number of judges in these or other 
courts may be increased from time to time, but whenever the increase 
shall amount to three, they shall form a separate court with a separate 
number. Each of these courts has a separate docket, but a common 
lien docket. They detail, from time to time, one of their judges to hold 
the courts of oyer and terminer and quarter sessions. 

4. Common pleas judges, required to be learned in the law, are 
elected by the voters of their respective districts, and hold their office 
for ten years from the first Monday of January succeeding their elec- 
tion ; but for any reasonable cause, not -sufficient for impeachment, 
may be removed by the Governor, on the address of two thirds of each 
House of the Legislature. Should any two or more judges in any dis- 
trict be elected at the same time, they shall cast lots for priority of com- 
mission, and certify the same to the Governor, and he will commission 
them accordingly. 

5. During their continuance in office, Ihey can receive no other com- 
pensation, fees, or emoluments tlian the salary allowed them by law, 
nor hold anj'- other office of profit under the United States, or this or 
any other State. They must reside within the district for which they 
are elected. Any v^acancy happening by death, resignation, or other- 
wise in any court of common pleas shall be filled Uy appointment of 
the Governor, to continue till the first Monday <'f January next suc- 
ceeding the first general election which shairoccur three months or 
more after the vacancy occurs. 

9 



130 PEOPLE'S MANUAL. 

6. Besides all other powers conferred on courts of common pleas, they 
Bhall have and exercise such chancery powers as are now or may here- 
after be conferred upon them by the Legislature. 

7. The j udge^ have power to issue writs of certiorari within their dis- 
tricts to justices of the peace, and other inferior courts not of record, 
and to cause their proceedings to be brought before them, and right 
and justice to be done. 

8. Parties to any civil case may dispense with trial by jury by agree- 
ment, and submit the same to the court for decision, with the same right 
to a writ of error as in other cases. 

9. Contested elections of presidential electors, members of the Legis- 
lature, and all State officers, judges, county, city, township, and bor- 
ough officers, are tried in the courts of common pleas, and they appoint 
overseers of elections. 

10. All laws relating to courts must be general and of uniform opera- 
tion, and the organization, jurisdiction, and powers of all courts of the 
same class or grade, so far as regulated by law, and the force and effect 
of the process and judgments of such courts, must be uniform ; and the 
liegislature cannot create other courts to exercise the powers vested in 
the courts of comDion pleas and orphans' courts. 

lieg^islative Provisions. 

11. The courts of common pleas have jurisdiction within their respect- 
ive districts in all pleas, actions, suits, and causes, civil, personal, real, 
and mixed ; and grant, under their seal, all lawful writs and process 
necessary for the exercise of such jurisdiction. Also, to award process 
to levy and collect sucli fines, forfeitures, and amercements as may be 
taxed, imposed, or adjudged by them. They can issue subpoenas into 
any county in the State for any witnesses, and have jurisdiction in the 
matter of granting divorces, and in all other cases provided by law. 
Indeed, the matters placed under the jurisdiction of the courts of com- 
mon pleas by the Legislature are almost numberless. 

12. The judges can fix the number of the terms of their courts, the 
time for holding them, the days on which writs and other process shall 
be returnable, and make rules regulating the practice in tlieir courts. 

13. Special courts may be held in any district in tlie following cases : 
Where the judge is interested in any cause ; where any title in litigation 
has been made to or by the judge ; where a near relative of the judge is 
a party to the cause ; where the judge has been concerned as counsel in 
the cause. Any law judge may hold such special court in any other 
district. 

14. Judges may direct that grand juries shall meet at a certain time 
before the regitlar meeting of court, and may detain them for an addi- 
tional weelc without issuing new venires. They may also issue such 
number of venires for traverse juries as they deem proper, and malie 
the venires for one or two weelis. 

Courts ot Oyer and Terminer. 

15. The courts of oyer and terminer, held in every county by the com- 
mon pleas judges, have power: 

I. To inquire by the oaths and affirmations of good and lawful 
men (grand jurors) in every county of all crimes committed or triable 
therein. 

II. To hear, determine, and punish the same, and to deliver the jails 
of such county of all prisoners therein, according to law. Hence they 
are also called courts of general jail delivery. 

III. To try indictments found in the quarter sessions and certified by 
said court according to law; and this court shall liave exclusive juris- 
diction to try and punish ail persons charged with the following crimes : 
1, murder or manslaughter, or other homicide, or being accessory 



JUDICIAL DETARTMRNT, 131 

thereto; 2, treason; 3, sodomj^, buggery, rape, or aiding, abetting, or 
counseling in the commission thereof; 4, voluntarily and maliciously 
burning any building or other thing, made punisliable as arson ; 5, 
ina3'hem, or cutting olJ" the tongue, putting out the eye, slitting the nose, 
cutting off the nose, cutting oti"a lip, cutting off' or disabling any limb, 
or member of a person, b}' lying in wait, or with malice aforethought, 
and with intent in so doing to maim or disfigure such person, or aiding, 
abetting, or counseling in the commission thereof; 6, burglary; 7, the 
endeavor of any woman privately, either by herself or the procurement 
of others, to conceal the death of any issue of her body, male or female, 
which, if born alive, would be a bastard, so that it might not be known 
whether such issue was born dead or alive, or whether it was murdered 
or not; 8, receiving, harboring, or concealing any robber, burglar, 
felon, or thief, or receiving or buying any goods or chattels feloniously 
taken or stolen, knowing them to be stolen. 

Courts ot Q,uarter Sessions. 

16. The courts of quarter sessions, held in every county by the com- 
mon pleas judges, have jurisdiction : 

I. To inquire by the oaths or affirmations of good and lawful men of 
the county, (the grand jury,) and to hear, determine, and punish in 
due form of law, all such crimes, misdemeanors, and offenses, whereof 
exclusive jurisdiction has not been given to the courts of oyer and 
terminer. 

II. To take, in the name of the Commonwealth, all manner of re- 
cognizances and obligations heretofore taken and allowed to be taken 
by any justice of the peace; and they shall certify to the next court of 
oyer and terminer all such as shall be taken in relation to any crime 
cognizable in that court. 

III. To continue or discharge the recognizances and obligations of 
persons bound to keep the peace, or to be of good behavior, taken by 
such court, or certified into it by any justice of the peace of the county, 
and to inquire of, hear, and determine all complaints founded thereon. 

IV. They have jurisdiction in all cases of tines, penalties, or pun- 
ishments imposed by act of Assembly for offenses, misdemeanors, or 
delinquencies, except where it is otherwise expressly provided. 

V. They have and exercise such other jurisdiction and powers as 
may have been heretofore given them by law, or which may hereafter 
be conferred upon them. The jurisdiction of this court is verj"- large. 
It is called the court of quarter sessions because its sessions were pro- 
vided to be held quarterly, or four times a year. 

Orphans' Courts. 

17. The orphans' courts, to be held by the judges of the courts of 
common pleas in the several counties, have jurisdiction and power as 
follows : 

I. In the appointment, removal, and discharge of the guardians of 
minors, and the settlement of their accounts. 

II. In the removal and discharge of executors and administrators 
deriving their authority from registers of wills, and in the settlement ot 
their accounts. 

III. In the distribution of (he assets and surplus of the estates of de- 
cedents, after settlement with creditors and others interested. 

IV. In the sale of real estate of decedents. 

V. In the Inanition of the real estate of intestates among the heirs. 

VI. In the specific execution of contracts made by decedents to sell 
and convey anj' real estate of which thej^ died seized. 

VII In proceedings for the recovery of legacies. 

VIII. In all cases where executors, administrators, guardians, or trus- 
tees may be possessed of, or in any way accountable for, any real or 



132 people's manuai,. 

personal estate of a decedent. And in all other cases where jurisdic- 
tion may be given them by law. 

18. In the counties of Allegheny, Berks, Luzerne, and Philadelphia, 
separate orphans' courts have been organized by the Legislature, with 
three judges in Pliiladelphia, two in Allegheny, and one each in Berks 
and Luzerne, These j udges are elected in the same manner as common 
pleas judges, and for the same term. The legister of wills in these 
counties is the clerk of the separate orphans' court ; and these courts 
have power to make all rules necessary for the exercise of the power 
conferred upon them, which is the same possessed by the orphans' 
courts of the several counties of the State. 

19. In counties where separate orphans' courts are established, all 
accounts liled in the oflQce of the register of wills, or in the orphans' 
court, shall be audited by the court without expense to the parties, un- 
less all parties in interest agree upon an auditor, whom the court may 
appoint in its discretion. 

20. When necessary, any orphans' court judge may call on any other 
orphans' court judge, or law judge of any common pleas court in the 
State, to preside in his court, with the same force and effect as if he 
presided himself. 

Salaries of Judges. 

21. By the act of 1883, the annual salaries of the common pleas judges 
of the Slate were fixed as follows: .Judges in Philadelphia, «j7,000 ; 
judges in Allegheny county, 86,000; all other law judges, $4,000, except 
the president judge of the Twelfth district, who receives |1, 000 additional 
for trying the Commonwealth civil cases : Provided, That in all districts 
having a population exceeding ninety thousand, and having but one 
judge, the salary shall be $5,000 a year, in addition to this, they receive 
fifteen cents a mile for all necessary travel within their districts in per- 
forming the duties of their otfice ; and no such judge appointed or 
commissioned after June 4, 1883, can receive any compensation or mile- 
age other than this. Payable quarterly, by warrant of the Auditor 
General on the State Treasurer. 

22. The salaries of orphans' court judges are the same as the salaries of 
the common pleas judges of the respective counties in which separate 
orphans' courts are established, and paid in the same manner. 

23. The pay of associate judges not learned in the law is $5 a day for 
every day spent in the discharge of their official duties, but the com- 
pensation of no such judge ean be less than |300 a year. Payable as the 
salaries of other judges. 

Common Pleas Districts. 

24. The State is divided into forty-nine common pleas districts, as fol- 
lows, each district having one law judge, except where otherwise stated ; 
1st, Philadelphia, nine judges; 2d, Lancaster, two judges; 3d, North- 
ampton, two judges; 4th, Tioga; 5th, Allegheny, six judges ; 6th, Erie; 
7th, Bucks; 8th, Northumberland; 9lh, Cumberland; 10th, Westmore- 
land; 11th, Luzerne, two judges; 12th, Dauphin and Lebanon, two 
judges; 13th, Bradford; 14lh, Fa3'ette and Greene; 15th, Chester; 16th, 
Bedford and Somerset; 17th, Butler and Lawrence, two judges; 18th, 
Clarionand Jefferson ; 19th,York; 20th Union, Snyder, and Mifflin ; 21st, 
Schuylkill, three ludges; 22d, Wayne and Pike; 23d, Berks, two judges; 
24th, Blair; 25th, Clinton, Cameron, and Elk ; 26th, Columbia and iVion- 
tour ; 27th, Washington ; 2Sth, Venango ; 29Lh, Lycoming; 30th, Crawford ; 
31st, I>ehigh; 32d, Delaware; 33d, Armstrong; 34th, Susquehanna; 35th, 
Mercer; 36th, Beaver; 37th, Warren and Forest; 38th, Montgomery; 
39th, Franklin; 40th, Indiana; 41st, Juniata and Perry; 42d, Adams 
and Fulton; 43d, Carbon and Monroe; 44th, Sullivan and Wyoming; 
45th. Lackawanna, two judges; 46th, Clearfield; 47th, Cambria; 48th, 
McKean and Potter; 49th, Centre and Huntingdon. 



JUDICIAL Di:rAuTJiK>-T. 13;^ 



CHAPTER XXXVII. 

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. ALDEHMEN. AND MAGIS- 

THATES. 



1. Justices of the peace, or aldermen, are elected in the several town- 
ships, wards, and boroughs of the State, at the spring elections, No 
township, ward, or borough shall elect uTore than two such officers, 
without the consent of a majority of the qualified electors thereof, given 
at an election for that purpose; and in cities cjntaining over fifty thou- 
sand inhabitants, but one alderman shall be elected in each ward. They 
must have resided in the district one yea,r immediately preceding their 
election. They are commissioned by the Governor, to serve for five 
years frona the first Monday of May next succeeding their election. 

2. Any vacancy occurring bj^ refusal or neglect of the person elected 
to qualify, by death, resignation, or otherwise, shall be tilled by the 
voters at the next election. 

3. Elections may be contested in the court of quarter sessions, on pe- 
tition of twenty-five citizens of the district, five of whom must swear 
that the facts set forth are true. In case of a contest, the old j ustice holds 
over till it is decided. 

i. Justices and aldermen-elect must notify the prothonotary of their 
county, within thirty days after their election, of their intention to ac- 
cept the office, when he immediately informs the Secretary of the Com- 
monwealth, so that commissions may is^sue according to law. The com- 
missions must be recorded in the office for recording deeds, in the 
proper count_v, and take effect from their date. 

5. In Philadelphia, there are elected, in lieu of aldermen, one magis- 
trate for every thirtj' thousand inhabitants, with police and civil juris- 
diction, and for the' same term as aldermen. Ttjey are elected on a 
general ticket, and each elector may vote for two thirds of the number 
to be elected at any one time. They receive a fixed salary, and all fees, 
fines, costs, &c., received by them are paid into the county treasury. 

6. All justices, aldermen, and magistrates must keep their office 
within the township, borough, ward, or distr-ict for which they are 
elected. They must give such bond to the State as the law requires, 
not less than ?500, (unless they are freeholders,) approved by the cnurt. 
An action may be maintained on this bond at any time within eight 
years. 

7. The duties of a justice of the peace are numerous and varied. He 
is placed as a peacemaker between his neighbors, and not to "give 
them law," stir up strife, or make business for himself. He should 
see to it that the law is so administered as to bring to those in his dis- 
trict all that is good, and to forbid all that is wong. He should be the 
man to whom the citizens Avould go for counsel and advice, and not as 
the avenger of the law. 

8. Justices and aldermen have jurisdiction, concurrent with the courts 
of common pleas, of all actions arising from contracts, either express or 
implied, and of all actions of trespass and trover and conversion, where 
the sum demanded does not exceed 5300, except in cases of real contract, 
where the title to lands or tenements mav come ia question, or action 
on promise of marriage. They have no j urisdiction on a contract for the 
balance of purchase money due on land. In actions for rent in arrear, 
their jurisdiction is limited to $100. 



134 PEOPLE'S MANUAL. 

9. In criminal matters, they have j arisdiction in all cases to take infor- 
mation, issue warrants of arrest, hear the prosecutor and his witnesses, 
and, if probable cavise appear against the defendant, to demand and 
take bail if the offense is bailable, or to commit to jail by warrant. 

10. They also have jurisdiction in cases of offenses and misdemeanors, 
made such by act of Assembly, where they must be governed strictly 
by the law in each case. They have jurisdiction in cases of attachment 
of wages of persons for board not exceeding four weeks, and also in at- 
tachments generally. 

11. Civil actions before a justice must begin by summons, except in 
cases of trespass or trover, or for recovery of money collected by a 
public officer, or for official misconduct. They must keep a docket, in 
which must appear the names of the parties to all actions, and a clear, 
brief minute of all the proceedings had, so as to be able to give a 
transcript when required. 

12. Within twenty days after the judgment rendered, either party 
may appeal to the court of common pleas if the judgment is over 
$5 33, exclusive of costs, by giving bail. In case the judgment be for 
15 33, or less, the case can be taken to the court on certiorari only, 
■wliich goes onlj'' to the form and jurisdiction of the action, and not to 
ils merfts. In case of judgment by default, the defendant may ask for 
a rehearing within thirty days, on the ground of absence when the sum- 
mons was served, or of sickness of himself, or that he was prevented 
from attending by some unavoidable cause. 

When the defendant is a freeholder, or gives bail within thirty days, 
if the i udgment is above |5 33 and not more than $20, execution shall 
be stayed three months; when it is above PO and not more than $60, 
six months ; when it is above |60 and not more than |300, nine months. 

13. If the judgment is for $5 33, or less, execution may issue at once. 
In cases of judgment on claims for work and labor done, execution may 
is'^ue at once, unless the defendant files an affidavit that he has a just 
defense, and that he does not ask for an appeal for the sake of delay. 
In such case, he may have an appeal by giving bail for debt and costs. 

14. In all cases of summary conviction before a justice, alderman, or 
magistrate, or of judgment in a suit for a penalty, either party m.ay 
appeal to the proper court, on allowance of such court, on proper cause 
shown. 



PART THIRD. 



County and Township Officers. 



(135) 




(136) 



COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 



CHAPTER XXXVIII. 
COUNTY OFFICERS. 



Some General Remarks. 

1. County officers in Pennsylvania are sheriffs, prothonotaries, clerks 
of the court of quarter sessions, clerks of the orphans' court, clerks of 
the court of oyer and terminer, registers of wills, recorders of deeds, 
treasurers, district attornej-s, commissioners, auditors, poor directors, 
jury commissioners, coroners, and county surveyors, and such others 
as the law creates. They are chosen by the qualified voters at the gen- 
eral election, and hold their offices for three years from the first Mon- 
dav of January next succeeding the date of their election. Vacancies 
are filled by election or appointment, as the case may be. No person 
is eligible to any county office unless he has been a citizen and inhab- 
itant'of the county one year. 

2. Prothonotaries, cieiks of the courts, registers, recorders, sheriffs, 
treasurers, and commissioners must keep their offices in the county 
seat. County officers receiving a salary must paj^ all fees received by 
them into the county or State treasury, as the law provides. In counties 
of over one hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants, all county officers 
are paid by salaries. 

3. Any county officer who shall take or demand excessive fees, or fees 
other than those provided for by law, shall be liable to pay the party 
injured ^50, to be recovered as other debts of the same amount, on suit 
brought within six months after the act is done. And if any judge 
allows any officer any compensatory fees not specified in some act of 
Assembly in force at the time, it shall be considered a misdemeanor in 
office. Any person may refuse to pay fees to an officer until he makes 
out a bill of particulars and signs a receipt. 

4. All officers whose fees are fixed by Jaw must have their fee bills 
posted in a conspicuous place in their office for the inspection of the 
public ; and any officer neglecting or refusing to do so is liable to a fine 
of $10, and double the amount of'any illegal fees charged, to be recov- 
ered as other debts. 

Any officer willfulW or fraudulently receiving or taking any reward 
or fee for executing his ofiicial duty n"ot allowed by law, or more than 
the law allows, is guilty of a misdemeanor in office, and on conviction 
shall be liable to a fine of §500, or imprisonment not exceeding one year, 
if indicted within two years after the commission of the oflense. 

5. The following is the oath required to be taken by all county officers: 
"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the Constitution 

of the United States and the Constitution of this Commonwealth and 
that I will discharge the duties of my office with fidelity; that I have 
not paid or contributed, or promised to pay or contribute, either directly 

(137) 



138 people's manual. 

or indirectly, any money or other valuable thing to procure my nomi- 
nation or election, (or appointment,) except for necessary and proper 
expenses expressly authorized by law; that I have not knowingly vio- 
lated any election law of this Commonwealth, or procured it to be done 
by others in my behalf; that I will not knowingly receive, directly or 
indirectly, any money or other valuable thing for the performance or 
non-performance of any act or duty pertaining to my office other than 
the compensation allowed by law." 

Any person refusing to take this oath shall forfeit the office to which 
he has been elected, and any one convicted of swearing or affirming 
falsely in taking the same, or of violating it, shall be guilty of perjury, 
and be forever disqualified from holding any office of trust or profit 
within the State. 

6. The "necessary and proper expenses" mentioned in the oath are 
declared by law to be, (1) printing and traveling expenses; (2) dissem- 
ination of information to the public; (3) political meetings, demonstra- 
tions, and conventions. The penalty for violating this law is a fine not 
exceeding $1,000, and imprisonment not exceeding one year, both or 
either, at the discretion of the court. 

Sheriffs. 

7. The sheriff is the chief officer of the county. His duties are very 
important, though altogether ministerial. Before entering on the duties 
of his office, he must give bond to the State, with at least two sureties, 
to be approved by the court of common pleas of the county. After 
being recorded in the office for recording deeds, it is forwarded to the 
Secretary of the Commonwealth, in whose office it remains. This bond 
is to protect the State and all persons against any loss or injury on ac- 
count of the sherifi"s official conduct. It remains in force for ten years 
from its date. In Philadelphia only five. 

The amount of the sheriff's bond throughout the State, except Alle- 
gheny and Philadelphia counties, is as follows: In counties having 50,- 
000 and less than 150,000 inhabitants, $25,000; in counties having 30,000 
and not more than 50,000 inhabitants, $15,000; in counties having 10,000 
and not more than 30,000 inhabitants, $10,000; in counties having less 
than 10,000 inhabitants, $8,000. 

8. In case of the death of any sheriff before the expiration of his term, 
or of his removal from office for any cause, the coroner of the county 
executes the duties of the office until he receives notice that another 
sheriff has been duly commissioned. 

A vacancy in the office of sheriff is filled by appointment of the Gov- 
ernor, to continue until the next general election or until a successor is 
commissioned. 

A sheriff cannot be reelected until three years from the expiration of 
his last term. Their accounts are settled annually by the county auditors. 

9. It is the duty of the sheriff to serve and execute all process issuing 
from the courts of the county, or their proper officers, directed to him, 
in the manner provided by law, making such return thereof as the law 
directs. It is not our purpose to go into the details of his duties in this 
respect. 

The sheriff of each county must give notice of the general election 
each year, either by advertisements posted in the most public places in 
every election district, or by advertisement in one or more newspapers 
in the county, to be published at least twenty days before the election. 
This advertisement is called the election proclamation, and must enu- 
merate the officers to be voted for, designate the place fixed by law for 
holding the election in each district, and give notice what classes of per- 
sons cannot serve as election officers. Paid by the county. 

10. Before selling personal property on an execution, the sheriff must 
give at least six days' notice, by not less than six hand-bills, posted at 
such places as he deems best suited to give notice of the sale. 



COUNTY OFFICERS, 139 

Before selling real estate on an execution, he must give notice of the 
sale by a reasonable number of hand-bills, one to be tixed on the pre- 
mises to be sold, and the others in the most public place in the count}', 
at least ten days before the sale ; these hand-bills must give notice of 
the sale, of the day and hour when, aud place where, it will be, and 
what real estate is to be sold, and where it is situated. He must also 
give notice of the sale in at least two newspapers of the county, setting 
forth the same facts as In the hand-bills, to be published during three 
successive weeks before the sale. 

The sherilf nuist execute a deed to the purchaser of all real estate sold 
by him, and deliver the same to him after it has been acknowledged in 
open court. 

11. All notices to jurors are served by the sheriff. His duties relating 
to the selection of jurors and the execution of criminals must be done 
by him in person. These acts cannot be done by a deputy. All, or 
nearly all, other duties of the sheriff may be performed by a deputj^, 
but the sheriff is responsible for the acts of his deputies in the line of 
his ofltice. 

12. Sheriffs and jailers have the custody of persons sentenced to im- 
prisonment in the county jails, see that they are kept safely, and over- 
see and direct the labors of such as are required to labor. Sheriffs and 
jailers are required by law to make annual reports to the Board of Pub- 
lic Charities, giving the number of prisoners, and such other informa- 
tion as the blanks fu'-nished them may require. In Philadelphia, there 
are many special laws relating to prisons and prisoners. Upon deliver- 
ing prisoners to the penitentiaries, sheriffs must take receipts from the 
wardens, and return the facts to the court where conviction and sentence 
Avere had. 

13. Persons sentenced to be hanged must be executed by the sheriff 
within the jail-yard of the county where convicted ; and the sheriff shall 
invite a phj'sician, the district attorney, and twelve reputable citizens, 
to be selected by him, to be present; and, at the request of the criminal, 
he shall permit not exceeding two ministers of the gospel, and anj^ of 
his near relatives, to witness the execution; also, such of the sheriff's 
dei^uties as he may deem proper may be present. These isersons, and 
no others, shall be allowed to witness the execution. After the execu- 
tion, the sheriff must make oath or affirmation, in writing, that he exe- 
cuted the criminal, within the walls of the jail-yard, at the time desig- 
nated by the death-warrant of the Governor, which paper shall be filed 
in the office of the clerk of the court of oyer and terminer of the county, 
and a copy thereof to be publislied in two or more newspapers of the 
State, one of which must be xjublishedin the county where the criminal 
was executed. 

14. It is a misdemeanor for any sheriff to voluntarily allow any pris- 
oner to escape, punishable by a fine not exceeding |500, and imprison- 
ment not exceeding five years, and to be dismissed from office. For 
gro^s negligence, Avhereby a prisoner escapes, asheriff is guilty of a mis- 
demeanor, and liable to a fine of $500, and imprisonment not exceeding 
one year. 

Anj'^ sheriff who shall willfullj'' and without reasonable cause refuse 
to execute any lawful process directed to him requiring the arrest or 
confinement of any person charged with or convicted of a criminal 
offense, or shall willfully or without reasonable excuse omit to execuie 
such process, whereby such person shall escajje, shall be guilty of a 
misdemeanor, and, on conviction, be sentenced to an imprisonment of 
not exceeding two years, and a fine not exceeding $500. 

15. A fine not exceeding $100, and imprisonment not exceeding one 
year, is the penalty for obstructing legal process, or assaulting an officer, 
or refusing to assist a sheriff in executing his office in any criminal case, 
or in preserving the peace when called upon, or for assisting in the res- 
cue of a prisoner. For a statement of the salaries and fees received by 
sheriffs, see appendix. 



140 /PEOPLE'S MANUAL. 

Protlionotaries. 

16. The prothonotary is the chief nainisterial officer of the court of 
common pleas, and may be reelected. In many counties, (the less 
populous ones,) he is also clerk of the court of oj^er and terminer and 
quarter sessions, and of the orphans' court, as well as register of wills 
and recorder of deeds. In case of a vacancy in the office, it is tilled by 
the voters of the county at the next general election, for a term of three 
years. In the meantime the Governor appoints. 

Before assuming the duties of his office, he must give bond with one 
or more sureties, to be approved by the court of common pleas and the 
Governor, in such sum as the Governor shall determine, for the faithful 
performance of his duties, the proper disposition of all moneys coming 
into his hands, and the delivery of the books, seals, records, writings, 
and papers belonging to his office to his successor in proper condition. 

17. Prothonotaries and clerks of the courts exercise in their several 
courts, in term time and vacation, the following pawers : 

I. Assign and affix the seal of the proper court to all writs and pro- 
cess, and to the exemplifications of all records and j^rocess therein. 
LI. Take bail in civil actions depending in the proper court. 

III. Enter judgments, at the instance of plaintiffs, upon the confes- 
sion of defendants. 

IV. Sign all j udgments. 

V. Take the acknowledgment of satisfaction of judgments or decrees 
entered on the records of the court. 

VI. Administer all necessary oaths and affirmations in conducting the 
business of their respective offices. 

18. The prothonotary must keep an appearance docket, containing a 
concise statement, in proper order, of every action, amicable or other- 
wise, and a minute of every paper filed, motion, order, rule, or decree 
made in each case, in due sequence, and have the same ready for public 
inspection at all times. All judgments must be briefly entered by him 
in a separate docket for judgments only, indexed and adsected, with 
the names of plaintiffs and defendants alphabetically arranged, and the 
number and term written opposite each one. 

All actions of ejectment must be entered in separate dockets, contain- 
ing the proceedings in each case. 

All writs of execution, with the proceedings returned thereon, must 
be recorded in a series of dockets kept for that purpose alone, arranged 
in proper order, and with references to the original number of the case, 
term, and year, and previous writs in the same case. All judgments 
satisfied must be so marked on the appearance and judgment dockets, 
and, if by execution, on the execution docket also. 

The prothonotary must keep a separate docket for mechanics' liens, 
in which all proceedings relative thereto are entered. And he must 
keep such other books and dockets as the business of the court may re- 
quire, including minute books, issue list, argument list, equity docket, 
etc. 

19. All entries of judgments and a,wards, by the prothonotary, must 
he so made that one shall followthe other in the order of time in which 
they were rendered, entered, or filed, giving the names of the parties, 
term and number of the case, date, and amount of the judgment. 

20. Prothonotaries may enter judgment on a note, bond, or instru- 
ment of writing contain"^ing a Avarrant for confession of judgment, for 
the sum stated on its face (during the life of the defendant) with such 
conditions as it sets forth, without the agency of an attorney, or declara- 
tion filed. 

21. Each prothonotary must record, in a book kept for that purpose, 
all accounts of assignees, trustees, sequestrators, and comnnttees, and 
all reports of auditors, and all accounts of distributions or appropria- 
tions by the sheriff. 

22. They keep a partition docket, for the entry of all proceedings 



COUNTY OFFICERS. 141 

relative to a proceeding for the partition of real estate. In short, they 
must keep, in proper form, in books or dockets prepared therefor, a 
full and accurate record of all the business transacced in their office, or 
by the court, necessary to be kept. 

2'i. The prothonotary must enter, in a book kept for that purpose, 
the returns of general" elections held in the county, and lay before the 
courts, at the time lixed by law, the returns to be computed by them ; 
and after computation b}'^ the court, forward to the Secretary of the 
Commonwealtii such returns as the law requires. 

24. In cotuities with less tlian one hundred and tii'ty thousand and more 
than ten thousand inhabitants, they retain all fees allowed them by law 
to the amount of §2,000, and necessary clerk-hire and stationery, and 
one half of all fees in excess of tliis amount ; the other half of the excess 
fees is paid into the State Treasury. In counties with less than 10,000 
inhabitants, they retain all the fees allowed them by law. For further 
information as to fees, see chapter XXXIII, and appendix. 

25. A i:)rothonotary has no right to receive payment of the debt and 
interest on a judgment. Such payment can only be made to the piain- 
tifl", his attorney, or agent. 

Clerks of Courts of Quarter Sessions and Oyer and Ter- 
miner. 

26. Clerks of quarter sessions and oyer and terinhier courts, when 
separate from the office of prothonotary, must have the same qualifica- 
tions as other county officers, and are commissioned by the Governor. 
In case of a vacancy, it is filled by the voters at the next general elec- 
tion for three years, until Avhich time it is filled by the Governor by ap- 
pointment. They must give bond to the State in the same manner as 
prolhonotaries. 

27. Their general powers and duties are similar to those of the pro- 
thonotary, the difference being that while the prothonotaty is the ser- 
vant of the civil courts, they are the servants of the criminal courts. 
Thej^ keep the minutes and records of these courts, and muse be pres- 
ent at the trial of cases therein, to administer oaths to jurors and wit- 
nesses, swear constables, take recognizances, etc. For list of crimes 
triable in the court of oyer and terminer, see chapter XXXVII. 

When both offices are held by the same person, he must keep the 
records of the quarter sessions and oyer and terminer courts in separate 
and distinct dockets. The clerk of the quarter sessions must keep a 
road docket, wherein all proceedings relative to roads in the county 
must be entered, together with copies of the drafts of such roads. 

28. When fines are imposed by the court for the use of the poor, the 
clerk of the quarter sessions must at once give written notice of the 
same to the constable of the township or borough interested, to be de- 
livered by the constable to the poor overseers. 

29. In case of application for license to sell liquor, the clerk of the 
court of quarter sessions, in whose office the applications are filed, must 
give three weeks' notice thereof, in two newspapers of the proper 
county or city, in a list containing the names of the applicants, their 
place of residence, and the kind of license applied for. On pre.'enta- 
t ion to the clerk, by the applicant, of the treasurer's receipt for the 
license fee, the clerk shall issue to him his license certificate, and place 
the receipt on record. 

30. Tbe clerk of quarter sessions must file in his office the annual re- 
ports or statements of all township auditors placed in his hands; and 
he is required, within fifteen days after the returns of township elec- 
tions are filed in his office, to certify to the county connnissioners a list 
of all assessors elected in the county. Ho records all returns of town- 
ship and borough elections. 

.31, The clerk of every criminal ourt is required by law to send to 
the Secretary of the Commonwealth, on or before the first day of Feb- 



142 people's manual. 

ruary in each year, a full statement in detail of the criminal business of 
his court for the year ending on the 31st day of December next preced- 
ing, showing the number of bills laid before the several grand juries 
during the year, the number of "true bills" found, the number "ig- 
nored," the number of "presentments" made, the number of cases 
tried, the number of convictions and acquittals, the number of nonpros, 
entered, the nature of the ofienses charged in the indictments, the 
number and amount of the recognizances forfeited, and such other in- 
formation as they may think useful and proper to give. 

Clerks of courts in all counties of less than one hundred and fifty 
thousand inhabitants retain all fees received by them to the amount of 
$2,000 and necessary clerk-hire and stationery, and one half of all in ex- 
cess of that amount, paying the other half into the State treasury. 

Clerks of the Orphans' Courts and Registers of Wills. 

32. Clerks of orphans' courts and registers of wills are really the same 
officers, are elected in the same manner as other county officers, are 
commissioned by the Governor, and give bond to the State in the same 
manner as prothonotaries. They keep the records and dockets of the 
orphans' court, in which are entered all its transactions pertaining to 
the appointment, accounting, and discharge of guardians, administra- 
tors, and executors, and all other matters relating to the settlement, 
sale, or partition of the estates of decedents. 

33. They issue letters testamentary to executors, letters of adminis- 
tration, and certificates to guardians appointed by the court. Before 
granting letters of administration, they must require proof of the day 
and hour of the decedent's d eath, and take bond with sureties in double 
the value of his personal property from the applicant. 

The following is the order of preference of persons entitled to admin- 
ister on the estate of a decedent : First, the widow, if any; second, the 
next of kin entitled to the residue of his estate. The mother is entitled 
before a sister of the half blood. Among children, the right does not 
belong to the eldest, but the register may choose between them. A 
brother of the half blood precedes a sister of the whole blood. A son 
who is a litigant against the estate is not entitled, nor any one else hav- 
ing an adverse interest. Any one having a preference may renounce in 
favor of the next. If no one of kin desires to administer, a stranger 
may. Those nearest in consanquinity witli the decedent have the pref- 
erence, and males over females. The register may revoke letters im- 
providently granted. If decedent was a married women, her husband 
is entitled to letters before all others. In all cases of administration 
with a will annexed, if there is a general residue of the estate bequeathed, 
the right to administer belongs to those entitled to the residue, and the 
register shall grant letters to such of them as he deems best qualified. 

If the executors named in a will, or the persons entitled to letters of 
administration, are all under twenty-one years of age, the register may 
grant administration to any other fit person, to be terminated at the in- 
stance of any one of them on arriving at full age. 

34. A will must be proved by the oaths of two or more persons who 
were present at its execution, or, iu the absence or death of the sub- 
scribing witnesses, by proof of their handwriting. Witnesses need not 
always be subscribing witnesses. Any one who saw it executed is com- 
petent. 

At the instance of any one interested, the r.egister may issue a cita- 
tion to any one having possession or control of a will to produce it for 
probate, and if tliey withhold it more than fifteen days after service of 
the citation, they may be indicted for a misdemeanor. He may likewise 
issue a citation to any person alleged to be competent to prove a will, 
and if he neglects or refuses to appear for more than five days, the reg- 
ister may issue an attachment to compel his appearance. 



COUNTY OFFICERS. 143 

No nuncupative will can be proved, or letters testamentary issued 
thereon, till fourteen da^'s after the testator's death, nor can such will be 
probated until process has been issued to call in the widow, if any, and 
others entitled to administer in case of intestacy, to contest the same if 
they wish. No^testimony to prove such will can be received after six 
niontlis from the time the will was made, unless such testimony, or its 
substance, was committed to writing within six days after the making 
of the will. 

35. Copies of wills and testaments proved in any other State or county, 
according to the laws thereof, duly authenticated, may be probated be- 
fore any register, in the manner prescribed by law. 

36. In case of a contest about the legality of a will, if a caveat is en- 
tered in writing against the register granting letters testamentary, he 
must enter a precept to the court of common pleas of the county where 
the legality of the will Avill be tried. 

37. Letters testamentary and letters of administration are grantable 
only by the register of the county in which was the family or principal 
residence of the decedent at the time of his decease, or if he had no 
such residence, then by the register of the county where the principal 
part of his goods and estate are. When the executors named in a will 
renounce or refuse to act, tlie register may grant letters with it annexed, 
to the persons legally entitled if no will had been made, taking suffi- 
cient security. 

There are many other things connected with the granting of letters 
testamentary and letters of administration which we have not room to 
mention. 

38. The register must give notice by advertisement in two newspapers 
of the county of all accounts of executors, administrators, and guardi- 
ans, filed in his office for settlement, giving the names of the account- 
ants and the capacity in which they are acting, and stating that their 
accounts will be presented to the orphans' court at a certain date for 
confirmation. This notice must be given at least once each week for 
four weeks before the session of the court at which tlie accounts are to 
be presented for confirmation. After being confirmed, these accounts 
and the proceedings had on them, with auditors' reports, are recorded 
by the register in a book kept for that purpose. 

39. He nuist keep a minute-book, properly indexed, showing what 
papers are filed in his office, what collateral inheritance tax has been 
paid, and on what estates. He collects all collateral inheritance tax due 
the State from estates settled through his office, retaining five per cent, 
for his services, and making report to the Auditor General. All estates 
of over $250 in value, passing by will or under the intestate laws to any 
person other than the father, mother, husband, wife, son's wife or widow, 
or lineal descendants of the deceased, born in lawful wedlock, are sub- 
ject to a collateral inheritance tax of five per cent., to be paid to the 
State. 

40. Registers are required to make and certify, under the seal of their 
office, true copies of all papers and proceedings in their office relating 
to any estate, when required by any person having an interest therein, 
and for the fees allowed by law; and for a neglect or refusal to do so, 
after tender of the legal fee, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor 
in office. 

41. When a will is probated before a register, containing a bequest or 
legacy to a public corporate body, he must notify such body, within six 
months, of the amount and nature of the bequest, giving the names of 
the executors. 

42. Registers of wills and clerks of the several orphans' courts must 
render an annual account to the Auditor General, and pay all money 
received by them and belonging to the State into the State Treasury. 

In all counties having less than 15150,000 inhabitants, they retain all 
fees received by them to the amount of ^2,000 and necessary clerk-hire 
and stationery, and one half of all in excess of that amount, paying the 
other half into the State Treasurv. 



144 PEOPLE'S MANUAL. 

Kecorders of Deeds. 

43. Recorders of deeds are qualified in the same manner, with the 
same remedies against them as against sheriffs, and before assuming the 
duties of the office, must give bond to the State in the same naanner 
and with the same conditions as prothonotaries. 

44. After they have recorded any deed, or other instrument of writ- 
ing, wiiich, by the laws of the State, are allowed to be recorded in their 
office, tliey shall certify on the back thereof, under their hand and the 
seal of their office, the day on which it was entered, and the name or 
number of the book or roll in which it is entered. 

Deeds brought in for record must be entered in the order of presenta- 
tion, and the recorder must note, in a booli kept for that purpose, a 
description of every such deed, or other instrument, as soon as it is 
handed to him, with the date when presented. He must also give to 
the person leaving it for record a receipt containing this minute, with- 
out fee. For every neglect or refusal to comply with this requirement, 
he is liable to a fine of one hundred pounds, half to the Commonwealth 
and half to the person aggrieved. Pound, $2 66. 

45. Every recorder appointing a deputy makes himself and his sure- 
ties accountable for the acts of such deputy. 

46. All recorders have authority to take acknowledgments of deeds 
and all other writing required to be acknowledged before an officer. 

47. In all counties having less than one hundred and fifty thousand 
inhabitants, they retain all fees received by them to the amount of $2,000 
and necessary clerk-hire and office expenses, and one half of all in ex- 
cess of that amount, paying the other half into the State Treasury. 

County Treasurers. 

48. Before entering upon the duties of his office, the county treasurer 
must give bond, witii one or more sureties, to be approved by the court 
of quarter sessions of the county, in such sum as the court shall deem 
sufficient, for the faithful discharge of his official duties and the proper 
disposition of all moneys coming into his hands. This bond is acknowl- 
edged and recorded by the i-ecorder of deeds of the county, and the 
original is transmitted to the Auditor General. The treasurer cannot 
be reelected until three years after the expiration of his last term of 
service. No Judge, clerk or prothonotary of any court, register of wills, 
recorder of deeds, county commissioner, or county auditor, is eligible 
to the office of county treasurer during their continuance in office, nor 
is any person who has been county commissioner eligible until one 
year after his term has expired ip said office. 

49. When a vacancy occurs in the office of county treasitrer, the 
county commissioners till it by appointment, and the appointee must 
give like bond, and be subject to the same duties and penalties, as if he 
had been elected by the people. If the commissioners appoint a per- 
son incapable of holding the office, they are guilty of a misdemeanor, 
and liable to a tine of not less than $30 nor more than foOO. 

Every treasurer must give bonds to the State and to the county com- 
missioners, with satisfactory sureties, in such sum as the law requires, 
for the proper discharge of his duties and faithfully accounting for all 
moneys, etc., to be recorded in the office for recording deeds. A failure 
to transmit the proper bond to the Auditor General within one month 
after assuming his office will forfeit the same. If any of his sureties ber 
come insolvent, or are in failing circumstances, or die, or abscond, new 
bonds and sureties naay be required by the State Treasurer and county 
commissioners. 

50. He receives and has the custody of all moneys paid to the county, 
and pays out the same on warrants or orders dravvn by the county com- 
missioners. He must keep a just and true account of all moneys re- 
ceived and disbursed by him, which is at all times open to the inspec- 



COUNTY OFPICEBS. 145 

tion of the board of county commissioners, or any one of tliem. At the 
end of every three months, and oftener if required, he must furnish the 
county coumiissioners Avith a statement of all moneys received and dis- 
bursed since the date of his last statement, exhibitinj^ the balance re- 
maining in his hands, and giving the names of ail collectors in whose 
hands any arrearages of taxes remain, Avith the amount in each case. 
At the close of each j'ear, he must lay his whole account before the 
county commissioners for examination, to be laid by them before the 
county auditors for settlement according to law. 

51. County treasurers are required to keep separate accounts of all 
moneys received for the use of the State, and on the tirsc of January, 
April^ July, and October, they must paj^ to the State Treasurer all 
mone^'S in their hands belonging to the State. (This also applies to ail 
other'county officers.) On failure to make such quarterly accounts 
and pay over all moneys in his hands, for a period of ten days after the 
first Monday of each quarter, li6-4nay be proceeded against as a de- 
faulter, and be removed by the court. 

52. On complaint of the county commissioners that the county treas- 
urer is embezzling or improperly using the public funds, or that his 
sureties are insufficient, he may be required by the ourt to give addi- 
tional security or be removed from office. If convicted of misusing the 
public moneys, he is liable to the penalties attached to embezzlement- 
fine and imprisonment. 

53. Their compensation, when not regulated by any special act of As- 
sembly, is a certain rate per cent, on all moneys received and paid out 
by them for the county, to be fixed from time to time (not oftener than 
once in each term) by the county commissioners, with the approbation 
of the county auditors. 

Their compensation for moneys received by them and paid to the 
State is as follows, on each separate account they are required to keep 
and settle : Five per cent, on the first thousand dollars, one per cent. 
on the second thousand dollars, and one half of one per cent, on all 
sums over two thousand dollars. 

54. Any county treasurer neglecting or refusing to perform any duty 
required of him by law, shall, on conviction, be forthwith removed 
from office, and fined not exceeding $300. For making profit out of 
public money, they are liable to indictment as for embezzlement, and, 
on conviction, may be fined equal to the sum of money embezzled, and 
be imjDrisoned not exceeding five years, and shall be dismissed from 
office. 

55. On the first of June in each year, they must make a list of all per- 
sons who have not paid their mercantile or other license assessed by the 
mercantile appraiser, and if the same be not paid on or before the first 
of July, they must bring action therefor before a justice of the peace, 
and press the same to judgment and execution as soon as practicable. 
On the last day of December of each year, they must make an account 
to the Auditor General, under oath, of all moneys received by them for 
the use of the State, and a failure to do so subjects them to indictment 
for a misdemeanor in office and a fine of 8100. 

56. It is their dutj' to collect the taxes assessed on all unseated lands 
in the county, when tlie same are not paid to the several tax collectors, 
as well as on seated lands on which the tax cannot be collected by the 
tax collectors. This is done by exposing such lands to sale every second 
3^ear, after first giving public notice of the same by advertising in two 
newspapers of the county'. Such advertisements jnust be published at 
least four times, and the first publication must be sixty da3's before the 
day of sale. The advertisements must give notice of the time and place 
of sale, and must state where each tract is located, the number of acres 
it contains, the names of the warrantees or owners, and the amount of 
taxes due on each tract. 

57. This sale commences on the second Mondav of June, and is con- 
tinued from day to day until all the lands have been sold for enough to 

10 



146 people'^s manual. 

pay the taxes du.e and the expenses of sale. Any tracts that will not sell 
for enough to pay taxes and expenses are usually bid in by the county 
commissioners. To each purchaser the treasurer executes a deed in fee 
simple. If at any time within two years after such sale, the owners of 
such lands shall pay to the county treasurer the amount of taxes for 
which they were sold and expenses of sale, with twenty-five per cent, 
added thereto, the lands shall be returned to them. The twenty-live 
per cent, to be paid by the owners of the lands goes to the purchaser 
at the treasurer's sale for the use of his money; the taxes go to the 
county and the townships where the lands are located ; and clie expenses 
go to the treasurer as fees. If the tracts purchased by the county com- 
missioners are not redeemed within the time fixed bylaw, they are sold 
by them, after being again advertised, and the purchaser takes an ab- 
solute title. Unseated lands of minors may be redeemed at any time 
within two years after they come of age. 

In a few counties, this general law, relative to the sale of lands by 
county treasurers for taxes, is modified by special acts of Assembly. 
There are many questions connected with the subject that we do not 
touch, giving only the general outline of the treasurer's duty. 

By an act approved June 6, 1879, certain duties are imposed on county 
treasurers relative to receiving and disbursing military funds. When 
no military organization exists in the county, this money is to be dis- 
tributed to the school-districts, in proportion to the number of taxables 
therein for school purposes. 

The treasurer must pay to the State all taxes due for bonds issued by 
the county. 

County Commissioners. 

58. The most important county oflicers in Pennsylvania, to the people 
of the county at large, are the county commissioners. They have charge 
of the general finances and business affairs of the county, and their ad- 
ministration directly affects every citizen and taxpayer, as well as the 
credit and prosperity of the county at large. The greatest care should 
alwaj's be taken to place in this office men of good judgment and good 
business qualifications, as well as men of the highest integrity. 

In electing county commissioners, each elector may vote for two, and 
the three receiving the highest number of votes are chosen. In case of 
a failure to elect, by reason of a tie vote or otherwise, or of a vacancy 
occurring at any time, the vacancy is filled by the court of common 
pleas, until the end of the term, by the appointment of an elector who 
voted for the commissioner whose place is to be filled. They are not 
commissioned by the Governor. They must give bonds for the use of 
the county, to be approved by the court of quarter sessions, in a sum 
not less than $2,000 each, to be recorded in the office for recording deeds, 
and the originals filed in the quarter sessions c6urt. Two of them shall 
form a board to transact business. A single commissioner can only act 
by authority of the board. 

59. They appoint a suitable person as clerk, who keeps the books and 
accounts of the board, records or files their proceedings and papers, at- 
tests all orders and warrants issued by them, and discharges all other 
duties required of hiin. For these duties he receives such salary as the 
commissioners shall fix at their first meeting in each 3'ear. Copies of 
their proceedings, certified by the clerk, are evidence in any court in 
the State. The commissioners, as well as the clerk, have authority to 
administer oaths and affirmations in all matters pertaining to their offi- 
cial business. 

60. At their first meeting in each year, they appoint an attorney for 
the board, a janitor for the court-house, and a physician for the jail, 
and fix their compensation. And just before the close of December of 
each year, they appoint a mercantile appraiser for the county. 

61. At their first meeting after the general election in each year, they 
make an estimate of the probable expenses of the county.for the next 



COUNTY OFFICERS. 147 

year, and as soon as practicable after the election of assessors in the 
various districts, issue to tliein their precept for the assessment. 

After assessors iiave returneti their assessments, the counnissioners 
have power to revise and correct them, by raisinj^ the valuation where 
it is too low, or lowering it where it is too hifi;ii. On these adjusted 
valuations, the counnissioners assess the county tax, apportioning to 
eacli district its share, according to its assessed valuation, but no tax 
can exceed one cent on the dollar on such valuation in any one year. 

The commissioners must assess and have collected all State taxes ap- 
portioned to the county b3' the board of revenue commissioners, and if 
the whole sum thereof is not collected and paid into the State Treasury 
before the second Tuesday of January of each year, the balance must 
be paid out of the county treasury. The commissioners must mal^e a 
return of all taxable property in the county to the Auditor General in 
each 3'ear of the triennial assessment. 

62. After the valuation has been made and each person notified of 
his assessment, the commissioners fix a time for holding appeals, and 
give notice thereof by advertisement in one or more newspapers of the 
count^'^, for at least three weeks before the lime fixed therelbr, of the 
time and place for holding the same. In the triennial assessment year, 
these appeals are held in the various districts of the county, for the' con- 
venience of the taxpayers ; but in other years they are held in the com- 
missioner's ofiice. The assessors must attend" the appeals. At these 
appeals, any mistakes, irregularities, or injustice in any assessment 
may be corrected by the commissioners, but no abatement can be made 
in the valuation of real estate in any year but that of the triennial 
assessment, except when buildings or other improvements have since 
been destro3'ed. Corrections may be m.ade in assessments by the com- 
missioners at any time when they are in session previous to the pay- 
ment of the tax. 

63. After the appeals are over and the corrections made in the assess- 
ments, the commi?sioneis make out the tax duplicates for the several 
districts, and place them in the hands of collectors, appointed bj'^ them- 
selves from the persons returned by the several assessors for that pur- 
pose, but they are not confined to these names. The collectors give 
bail in such amounts as the commissioners fix. Collectors receive from 
the commissioners a warrant authorizing them to collect the tax, and 
empowering them to collect the .same by distress, if necessary. Any 
per.sou refusing or neglecting to serve when appointed tax collector is 
liable to a tine of $50, unless he has served as such within ten years. 
The names of all collectors, and the amount of each duplicate, must be 
furnished to the county treasurer. 

64. The connni.-sioners shall at all times make abatements and exon- 
erations to collectors for mistakes, indigent persons, misi^ated lands, 
(fee, keep a record of the sams, and give the collectors certificates 
thereof, to enable them to settle with the county treasurer. 

65. All taxes are a first lien on the real estate on which levied, and 
collectors must return to the county commissioners, on or before Jan- 
uary 1 of each year, a list of all delinquents in their district, with a de- 
scription bj^ bounds of the property against which they are assessed, to 
be entered by the commissioners in a tax-lien book kept by them, after 
which taxes so entered shall be a lien for two years. 

66. The county commissioners constitute a board of revision of assess- 
ments for the county. As soon as the several assessors have made their 
returns, they must make out, and publish in not less than two news- 
papers, for two weeks, a statement showing the aggregate value and 
assessments made by each assessor in the county, upon all property 

"taxable by law for county purposes, specif^'ing each class; and also 
showing the whole amount of taxes assessed on each district. And at 
the same time they must give notice of a da}', not later than thirty days 
from this notice, for finally determining whether any of the valuations 
of the assessors have been made below a just rate. (This applies to the 
triennial assessment.) 



148 people's manual. 

This board of revision must examine and inquire Avhether the assess- 
ments have been made according to law, whether all property has been 
valued at a sum not less than it would bring, after full public notice, 
at a public sale, supposing it were to be soJd. They shall receive and 
consider any written communication of any taxable of the county, rela- 
tive to any property alleged to be valued too low. If they cannot con- 
clude this duty on the day appointed, they adjourn from day to day 
until it is discharged. For the proper discharge of this duty they must 
be sworn by the prothonotary. 

67. The erection of all public buildings of the county, as coiirt-houses 
and jails, is under the direction of the county commissioners, as regu- 
lated by law. But no public building can be erected, nor any altera- 
tion, enlargement, or addition be made thereto without the consent of 
the grand jury being flfst obtained. When necessary for the erection 
of public buildings, they may borrow money under the restrictions im- 
posed by law, and issue bonds therefor, at a rate of interest not exceed- 
ing six per cent. 

They have charge of all matters relating to the erection and main- 
tenance of county bridges, giving contracts therelbr, and issuing orders 
on the county treasurer to pay for the same. In some counties, there 
are special provisions of law relative to keeping county bridges in re- 
pair. Commissioners cannot give contracts for the erection of public 
buildings, bridges, etc., without tirst advertising for sealed proposals 
for the same. No commissioner can be concerned either directly or in- 
directly in any public contract. 

68. The commissioners must publish once a week for four successive 
weeks in February of each year, a full and accurate statement of the 
receipts and expenditures of the county for the preceding year, ending 
with December 31, in one or more newspapers of the county. This 
statement must show the sums paid by each district into the county 
treasury, and specify tliesums paid for support of prisoners, the insane, 
the pay of the commissioners and their clerk, erection and repair of 
bridges, interest on the county debt, election expenses, and all other 
classes of expenditures, giving each class separately. 

69. The commissioners must send to the Secretary of Internal Affairs, 
on the first of June of each year, a tabular statement of all property in 
the county taxable for county purposes, showing the real and personal 
in separate columns, and showing the tax assessed for county purposes, 
and the debt of the county. 

70. If they neglect or refuse to perform any official duty, they are 
each liable to a fine of |100 ; and a neglect or refusal to perform the 
duties required of them in the assessment or collection of any tax im- 
posed by laAV makes them liable, on conviction, to a fine of not less 
than 150 nor more than |200. 

It is tbeir duty to guard well the county treasury, and see that not a 
cent is paid out that is not authorized by law. To this end they should 
employ as their counsel an experienced attorney, and consult him in 
all cases where any doubt arises in their minds as to the liability of the 
county. Caution should be observed in the payment of costs in Com- 
ni )n wealth cases. 

71. The commissioners must furnish to the election officers of every 
district in the county a sufficient and properly-arranged ballot-box, to 
receive and hold the ballots cast at any election therein, as well as all 
necessary papers and blanks for Jiolding the election and making the 
proper return thereof. This for both general and township elections. 
They must also furnish to the court of common pleas of the county the 
blanks required by law for making the returns of the county for State, 
judicial, and county officers. 

The expenses of all elections are borne by the county, and it is the 
duty of the commissioners to furnish to every election hoard all neces- 
s-iry stationery, Idanks, and instructions to election officers, and they 
should see that every board is furnished with a copy of a full and cona- 



COUNTY OFFICERS. 149 

plete digest of the election laws of the State. They fix the amount to 
be jniid for room-rent, light, fuel, and incidental expenses of tlie differ- 
ent boards, and issue orders tiierefor on the countj^ treasury. 

72. When any person is convicted of wantonly and willfully setting 
fire to any woodlands, the county commissioners shall pay to the pros- 
ecutor ?50 out of the county treasury, for the arrest and conviction of 
the offender, to be collected from the defendant as other costs. 

73. On the recommendation of two thirds of the poor overseers of any 
county presented to the court of qua'ter ses-^ions, the question of pur- 
chasing lands and erecting a county poorhouse shall be submitted to 
the voters of the county, and if a majority of votes shall be cast there- 
for, the county commis>sio7iers shall (proceed to purchase the necessary 
lands, and erect suitable buildings for the proper accommodation of the 
paupers of the county. When a county is thus erected into a "poor- 
district," the office of poor overseer in the several districts thereof shall 
cease, the poor shall be cared for and supported in the county poorhouse, 
and the county connnissioners sliall have the care, management, and di- 
rection thereof. The treasurer of the countj^ shall be the treasurer of 
the poor-district, and shall receive and keep all moneys belonging to 
the district, and pay out the same on orders drawn by the commissTon- 
ers. His accounts therefor shall be audited by the county auditors, as 
his other accounts. 

The compensation of county commissioners was tixed, in 1834, by act 
of Assembly, at $1 50 per day. Since tlien special laws liave been passed, 
fixing their pay in every countj^ in the State, except perhaps one or two. 
Where they do not receive an annual salary, their average pay is about 
$3 00 a day, paid by orders drawn on the county treasurer by themselves. 
As to their pay in the several counties, see appendix. 

County Auditors. 

74. Three county auditors are elected In each county every third year, 
in the same manner as county commissioners, and auy vacancy in the 
office is filled in the same manner, nntil the end of the term. 

No person holding the office of poor overseer, prison inspector, con- 
troller of public schools, member of the board of health, or who is em- 
ploj^ed in the Sheriff's office, county commissioner's office, county treas- 
urer's office, and no county treasurer, during his term of office or within 
two years after, is eligible to the office of county auditor. The penalty 
for neglecting or refusing to serve when elected or appointed is |100. 
Their pay was fixed at $1 50 a day by a law passed in 1834, but since that 
time special laws have been passed for most of the counties, increasing 
their pay to an average of about $2 50 a da3^ Their pay, and all ex- 
penses incident to their duty, including the clerk employed by them in 
making the annual settlement with the county officers and of the county 
finances, is paid by orders drawn on the county treasury by the com- 
missioners. As to their pay in the several counties, see appendix. 

75. They are required to meet on the first Monday of January in each 
year, and at such other times as they may deem it necessary, to audit, 
settle, and adjus" the accounts of the commissioners, treasurer, sheriff, 
and coroner of the county. Any two, duly convened, shall constitute 
a quorum for the performance of their official duty. After having aud- 
ited these accounts, they must make report thereof in proper form to 
the court of common pleas, together with a statement of the balance 
due from or to each officer. They must also audit and adjust the ac- 
counts of the county treasurer with the State Treasurer, for all mone3's 
received for the use of the State, and make a report thereof (separate 
from the county report) to the court of common pleas, showing the bal- 
ances owing by or to the treasurer; and within ten days after preparing 
such report, send a certified copy thereof to the Auditor General. 

76. That they may properly discharge this duty, they have power to 
issue subpoenas to these officers, their executors and administrators, and 



150 people's manual. 

ail other persons needed as witnesses, and to compel their attendance 
by attachment ; and in like manner to compel the production of books, 
papers, and vouchers relating to such accounts. These subpoenas and 
attachments are served by the sheriff or coroner. 

They have authority to administer oaths and afiarmations in all mat- 
ters before them, and witnesses swearing falsely are guilty of perjury. 
They have authority to commit any person to jail who appears before 
them and refuses to be sworn or affirmed when required. 

It seems to be customary in most counties to include the accounts of 
the prothonotary, clerks of the courts, and district attorney in the an- 
nual settlement. By act of 1879, they are required to audit the accounts 
of directors of the poor, and treasurers and stewards of poorhouses. 

District Attorneys 

77. A district attorney is elected for each county every three years. 
He is qualified like other county officers, and is ineligible to any other 
office during his term, except in the militia. In case of a temporary 
vacancy, the court appoints for the time of the vacancy, but in the event 
of death or removal the court appoints until the end of the term. 

The duties of district attorneys relate almost entirely to prosecutions 
under indictments. They represent the Commonwealth in all trials of 
persons for crimes and niisdemeauors. They are compensated by fees 
fixed by law. See appendix. 

Coroners. 

78. A coroner is elected in each county for three years. Before he can 
be commissioned or enter upon his duties, he must give bond in one 
fourth the sum required of the sheriff, to be approved by the court of 
common pleas, to -'well and truly perform all and singular the duties 
to the said office of coroner appertaining." Th? bond must be recorded 
in the county, and then be sent to the Secretary of the Commonwealth. 
On the death or removal of the sheriff, the coroner shall fill the vacancy. 
If any person elected coroner nezlects to assume the dutiesof the office, 
it shall be treated as vacant, and filled by appointment of the Governor. 

79. It is his duty to inquire into the cause and manner of the death of 
any person who is slain or dies suddenly in prison. To aid him in the 
inquest, he shall summon a jury of six good citizens of the county, to be 
sworn by him, to make inquisition, and finding according to the evi- 
dence adduced before them. The inquest must be held over the body. 
If the body cannot be found, no inquest can be held. The coroner must 
hear evidence on all hands, under oath, if offered. If the body be in- 
terred before the coroner comes, he must have it raised, which can be 
done within fourteen days or any convenient time. He must execute 
his office in person, and not bv deputy. In case of an unnatural death, 
it is the duty of the district authorities to notify the coroner, under pen- 
alty of indictment for neglect. The inquest must be held at the place 
where the death happened. 

80. If any one be found guilty of homicide by this inquest, the 
coroner shall commit him to prison for trial. The whole of the inquisi- 
tion shall be certified under the hands and seals of the coroner and the 
.jurors, together with the evidence thereon, to the next court of oyer 
and terminer and quarter sessions of the peace. 

In Philadelphia, the coroner need not hold an inquest except in case 
of violent death, or of less than twenty-four hours' illness, wiaen no 
physician has attended. 

In a few counties in the State, coroners are authorized by law to ap- 
point deputies. Their compensation is by fees. In the absence of the 
coroner, an inquest may be held by a justice of the peace. For salaries 
and fees, see appendix. 



COUNTV OFFICERS. 151 

County Surveyors. 

81. A county surveyor is elected in each county every third year, in 
the same manner as slieriffs. A duplicate return of their election, as 
well as a certilied copy of their oath of office, must be filed in the office 
of the Secretary of Internal Affairs. The court of quarter sessions, on 
cause shown, has power to remove a county surveyor for neglect, re- 
fusal, incompetenc3', or inability to perform the duties of his office, or 
on conviction of an infamous crime or misdemeanor. They serve until 
their successors are qualified, but in case of a vacancy in the office, the 
court of quarter sessions fills it by appointment until the end of the 
term. Their duties lelate mainly to the survey and location of lands 
in the county claimed or owned under warrants from the State, and 
they are compensated bj^ fees. As to salary and fees, see appendix. 

Jury Commissioners. 

82. Two jury commissioners are elected in each county every three 
years, each elector voting for but one. Their duties relate entirely to 
the selection of persons to serve as jurors in the several courts. 

83. At least thirty days before the first term of court in each j^ear, the 
jurj^ commissioners of each county and the president judge,' or addi- 
tional law judge of the district, or a majority of them, meet at the 
county seat and select, alternately, from the list of qualified electors of 
the county a sufficient number of sober, intelligent, and judicious per- 
sons to serve as jurors during that year. 

These names are written on slips of paper, with the occupation and 
residence of the persons, folded and placed in the jury wheel which is 
then locked by the sheriff' and secured with sealing-wax, on which is 
placed the impression of the seals of the c>nnmissioners and the sheriff. 
The wheel is then placed in the custody of the county commissioners 
and the Sheriff retains the key. 

84. When the sheriff' receives from the proper court a writ of venire, 
directing him to sunmion a certain number of jurors lor the next term 
of court, he notifies the jury commissioners, and they, without delay, 
draw from the wheel, after turning it so as to thoroughly intermix the 
names, as many names as the writ requires, destroying the slips drawn 
containing the names of persons known to be dead or absent. Neither 
the commissioners in the absence of the sheriff, nor the sheriff in the 
absence of the commissioners, shall open the wheel at any time ; nor 
shall any or all of them open it at any time except to deposit names 
therein, or draw a panel or panels of jurors therefrom, under a penalty 
of §500. 

85. If the array has been quashed by the court for any irregularity, 
or on account of an unwarranted interference with the wheel, the jury 
commissioners and the judge, before mentioned, or a majority of them, 
shall meet at the county seat at least thirty days before the next term 
of court, and take out of the wheel all the names found therein, and 
make a new selection and put them in it for the balance of the current 
year. 

86. The jury commissioners and the judge filling the jury wheel, must 
make and certify a list of the names placed in it bj' them, giving the 
name, residence, and occupation of each person, to be filed of record in 
the office of the prothonotary. 

87. The names of privileged or exempted persons shall not be placed 
in tiie wheel, and the names of defaulting or excused jurors shall be 
returned thereto. Persons are liable to serve as jurors but once in each 
year, and the penalty for putting them in and drawing them more than 
once in a year is from $10 to $30. 

88. The first twenty-three names drawn from the wheel each court 
constitute the grand jury, and the remaining names form the traverse 
jury. 



152 people's manual. 

89. The jury commissioners must furnisli two lists of names of jurors 
drawn, in alphabetical order, one for the sheriff and one for the pro- 
thonotary. The sheriff must summon the persons on the list at least 
ten days before the return day of the venire, and both lists must be 
posted in the respective ofifices of the sheriff and prothonotary for the 
inspection of the public. 

90. Jury commissioners must serve, under a penalty of $100. A va- 
cancy in the office is filled by the president judge of the court. The pay 
of jury commissioners is f2 50 a day, and mileage of four cents a mile cir- 
cular. Their oath of oflSce, after being signed by them, is filed in the 
ofiice of the prothonotary. 

Directors of the Poor. 

91. In several counties of the State, there are jDOorhouses, called homes 
for the destitute, managed by three officers called "directors of the 
home for the destitute," one to be elected each year by the voters of the 
county, at the general election. They have power "to make and ordain 
such ordinances, rules, and regulations as they shall think proper, con- 
venient, and necessary for the government, control, and support of 
these homes, and of the revenues thereto belonging, and all such per- 
sons as shall become inmates thereof, not contrary to law;" the rules 
to go into effect after being approved by the courts of quarter sessions 
of the respective counties. 

These directors receive and hold all the real estate belonging to these 
homes, and manage tliem in all respects as directed by law, receiving 
and caring for such indigent poor as may be committed to the homes 
from time to time by any two justices of the peace, in tine manner pre- 
scribed by the act of Assembly. They cannot be interested in any con- 
tract for furnishing supplies for the maintenance of the poor, or for the 
construction or improvement of the property under their control, 
under penalty of a fine not exceeding |500 and removal from office. 
They receive an annual salary of |100, and must each give a bond for 
the proper discharge of their duties, to be approved by the court of 
quarter sessions. 

Mercantile Appraisers. 

92. On or before the 30th day of December of each year, the county 
commissioners of each county appoint a mercantile appraiser for the 
county for the next year. In Northampton and Philadelphia counties, 
they are appointed "^by the court of common pleas, and in Allegheny 
and Philadelphia counties tlie appointment is made in January. 

93. It is the duty of the mercantile appraiser, after being duly sworn, 
to ascertain and assess all dealers in merchandise whose sales exceed 
$1,000, (and/eme sole dealers whose sales exceed $2,500,) brewers, dis- 
tillers, keepers of billiard saloons, bowling alleys or pool-rooms, 
brokers, auctioneers, wholesale liquor dealers, tavern keepers, restaur- 
ant or eating-house keepers, as directed by law. This appraisement 
is made during the first three months of the year. The appraiser must 
personally visit the place of business of every person assessed, and 
prepare and arrange his list according to the several classes, separating 
all the classes, and stating the township, borough, or ward where each 
one is located. When the appraisement is made, he must furnish to 
each person or firm assessed a written or printed notice of their clas"iti- 
cation, which must also state the time and place of holding the appeal. 
He receives for his services fiftv cents for each license granted in the 
county, to be collected and paid to him by the countv treasurer, and 
mileage at the rate of six cents for every mile traveled by him neces- 
sarily in making the appraisment. The mileaire is paid by the warrant 
of the Auditor General on the State Treasurer, issued on sworn accounts 
made to the Auditor General. 



COUNTY OFFICERS. 153 

9i. After the appraisement has been completed, and the classitication 

made according to law, the mercantile appraiser nnist cause it to be 
published in two newspapers of the count}', representing different 
politic.'. 1 interests, selecting one of each party liaving the most general 
circulation. If a German paper is published in the county, tlien tlio 
publication sliall be in three papers, one of which must be German. 

95. Retailers of merchandise are classitied and pay licenses as follows : 

Class. Sales not exceeding Tax. 

14, $5,000 00 ?7 00 

13, . . ; 10,000 00 10 00 

12 15,000 00 12 50 

11 20,000 00 15 00 

10, 80,000 00 20 00 

9, 40,000 00 25 00 

8, 50,000 00 30 00 

7, 60,000 00 40 00 

6, 75,000 00 50 00 

5, 85,000 00 60 00 

4, 100,000 00 80 00 

3, 200,000 00 100 00 

2, 300,000 00 150 00 

1, 500,000 00 200 00 

A, 1,000,000 00 350 00 

B 2,000,000 00 450 00 

C, \ . . 3,000,000 00 600 00 

D 4,000,000 00 800 00 

E, 5,000,000 00 900 00 

F, exceeding 5,000,000 00 1,000 00 

Brewers and distillers are classified and taxed as folloAvs : 

Class. /Sales not exceeding Tax. 

9, $1,000 00 $15 00 

8, 5,000 00 25 00 

7, 10,000 00 40 00 

6, 15,000 00 50 00 

5, 20,00a 00 60 00 

4, 80,000 00 80 00 

3, 50,000 00 100 00 

2, 75,000 00 150 00 

1, 100,000 00 200 00 

Tavern-keepers are classified and taxed as follows : 

Class. Sales not exceeding ' Tax. 

5, $4,000 00 $50 00 

4, 6,000 00 100 00 

3, 8,000 00 200 00 

2, 10,000 00 400 00 

1, exceeding 10,000 00 700 00 

Restaurants and eating-houses are classified and taxed as follows : 

Class. Sales not exceeding Tax. 

5, $3,000 00 $20 00 

4, 5,000 00 30 00 

3, 10,000 00 75 00 

2, 15,000 00 125 00 

1, 20,000 00 and upwards, 200 00 

Wholesale liquor dealers are classified and taxed as follows : 

Class. Sales not exeeeding Tax. 

13, $5,000 00 $25 00 

12, 10,000 00 80 00 

11, 15,000 00 ....... . 36 00 



154 PEOPLE'S MANUAL. 

Class. Sales not exceeding Tax. 

10, . 20,000 00 48 00 

9, 30.000 00 60 00 

8, 40,000 00 72 00 

7 50,000 00 96 00 

6, 60,000 00 120 00 

5, 75,000 00 144 00 

4, 85,000 00 192 00 

3, 100,000 00 240 00 

2, . 200,000 00 360 00 

1, 300,000 00 and upwards, 480 00 

96. Keepers of billiard-rooms, pool-rooms, and bowling-alleys, (nine 
or ten-pin alleys,) are taxed as lollows : For the first billiard-table, pool- 
table, or bowling-alley, |30 ; for each additional table or alley, ?10. 

Brokers and auctioneers pay a license fee at the rate of three per cent, 
on the amount of their annual busniess. 

Dealers in patent medicines are rated as retailers of merchandise. 

We omit further details relative to the duties of mercantile appraisers, 
and the law relating to this class of taxes. Each appraiser receives fulj 
instructions every year from the Auditor Geiieral. 

Auditors of Accounts of County Officers. 

97. It is the duty of the court of common pleas of each county to ap- 
point at its last term in each year a competent person to examine and 
audit the accounts of all county officers who have received during the 
year any money belonging to the vState, except county treasurers. This 
auditor will carefully examine all the dockets, records, books, papers, 
and vouchers of these officers, and make a full and detailed statement 
of the amount of money each one has received during the year for the 
use of the State. The object of this auditor's appointment is to secure 
to the State ttie tax on deeds, wills, writs, appeals, &c., as well as col- 
lateral inheritance tax, and excess of fees of otiice. The report is made 
to the Auditor General, to assist him in his annual settlement of the ac- 
counts of county officers. In case of a failure of the court to appoint 
such an auditor, the Auditor General makes the appointment. 

Notaries Public. 

98. Notaries public are appointed by the Governor for a term of three 
years, and confirmed by the Senate. In case of a vacancy, an appoint- 
ment may be made for the unexpired term. 

No stockholder, director, cashier, teller, clerk, or other officer in any 
banker banking institution, or in the employment thereof, or person 
holding or exercising any judicial office or appointment under the State, 
except in certain counties, or office or appointment of trust or profit 
under the United States, can be a notary public; nor can he hold the 
office in any city or county until he has resided therein one year, and in 
the State two j^ears. 

Before entering on the duties of their office, they must be sworn or 
affirmed to well and faithfully perform the duties thereof, and that they 
will support the Constitution of the State; and also give bond, them- 
selves in a sum not exceeding 600 pounds, with two sureties irra sum not 
exceeding 300 pounds each, to be fixed by the Governor, and recorded 
in the office for recording deeds. Each notary has a seal, with which 
he attests all his official acts. 

Their duties are, generally, to attest deeds, agreements, and other in- 
struments, tn give them authenticity ; to protest notes, bills of exchange, 
etc. ; to certify copies of agreements and other instruments ; to take ac- 
knowledgment of deeds and other instruments proper to be recorded ; 
to take acknowledgment of instruments of writing relating to com- 



COUNTY OFFICERS. 155 

meree or navigation, snch as bills of sale, bottomries, etc. ; to administer 
oaths in all matters coming before them, and to take depositions, affi- 
davits, and the like. The fees authorized to be charged by them, to be 
found in the appendix, will largely indicate their duties. 

Tlie act of 1791 limited the number of notaries to six in Philadelphia, 
and three in eacli of the other counties of the State; but this number 
has been largely increased from time to time, and now one or more may 
be appointed in every town or place where there is a bank or savings in- 
stitution. 

Notaries are of very ancient origin. They were well known among 
the Romans, and exist now in everj^ European nation. Their acts have 
long been respected by the custom of merchants and by the courts of 
all nations. Their apjioiutment is a source of considerable revenue to 
the State, as each one ximst pay $25 to the State Treasurer before he can 
receive his commission. 

For amount of tax paid to the State by them, see Chapter XXXIII, 
"Subjects and Rates of Taxation ; " and for amount of fees allowed to 
be charged by them, see "appendix."' 



156 people's manual. 



CHAPTER XXXIX. 
TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 



Soxne General Hemarks. 

' 1. A township is a corporate body, with power to sue and be sued ; 
and the word "township" is a general term, including boroughs and 
all municipal divisions, where general reference is made to township 
officers. 

The rights and duties of township officers are the same, substantially, 
in all districts, whether townships, boroughs, wards, or cities. They all 
bear the same relation to the county. Where there is any exception to 
this rule, it is caused by some act of Assembly. The supervisors (or 
road commissioners) represent the township in its corporate capacity 
for all except school purposes. 

2. New townships may be erected and old ones divided by the court 
of quarter sessions, on petition of the citizens thereof, after an election 
by tlie citizens of tlie territory proposed to be embraced in the new town- 
ship and the one from which the greatest number of inhabitants is to be 
taken. 

After the division of an old township and tlie erection of a new one, 
or the alteration of any township lines, the indebtedness of tlie townships 
affected may be adjusted by the court of common pleas of the county, 
sitting in equity, and the new township, or township receiving territory 
by such alteration of the boundary lines, shall pay such part of the in- 
debtedness as the court shall direct, to be levied on the taxables of the 
new township (or township receiving the territory) which belonged to 
the old township. 

Where townships are consolidated, the court has power to adjust the 
indebtedne&s incurred prior to the consolidation, in such a manner that 
only the property within the old territorial limits of each township shall 
be liable therefor. 

On the petition of twenty or more freeholders of a township to the 
court of quarter sessions, the court shall appoint three impartial com- 
missioners to view the districts pToposed to be annexed or consolidated, 
and if a majority of them report in favor of annexation or consolidation, 
the court will conflrm their report nisi, and order a special election to 
be held within sixty days of the date of such confirmation; and if a 
majority of the electors of all the districts vote in favor of the report, it 
shall be confirmed absolutely, and the place of election be fixed in the 
most populous of the townships thus consolidated. 

3. The officers elected in each township are two supervisors, two 
overseers of the poor, three auditors, one constable, two justices of the 
peace, one assessor, (two assistant assessors every third year, ) one judge 
of election, two inspectors of election, one town clerk, six school-direc- 
tors. All tax-payers having a legal residence in the township, and the 
constitutional qualifications of electors, may vote for and hold these 
offices ; but females may be elected school-directors. 

All persons elected or appointed to anv township office, before enter- 
ing on their duties, must take and subscribe an oath or affirmation before 
some person havins: authority to administer oaths, to support the Con- 
stitution of the United States, and the State of Pennsylvania, and to 
perform their duties with fidelity. 



TOWIs'^SHir OFFICKRS. 157 

The terms of all township officers (except school-directors, justices 
of the ])eace, and constables) begin on the tirst Monday in March. 
Township officers are elected on the third Tuesday of February. 

Assessors. 

4. An assessor is elected in each township, borough, and ward every 
year, and, in the j'ear of the triennial assessment, two assistant assessors 
are elected. Within twenty days after their election or appointment, 
they must furnish to the county commissioners certified copies of the 
oaths or affirmations taken by them, to be filed in the commissioners' 
office. Persons elected or appointed to this office and refusing or neg- 
lecting to serve are liable to a fine of |50 for the use of the county. 
Vacancies in the office are tilled b}^ the appointment of the county com- 
missioners. They are paid for making the assessments such sum per 
day, and mileage, as the county commissioners think Just, for which 
the commissioners issue them orders on the county treasurer. 

5. Having received the last adjusted valuation of their district, full 
instrvictions from the county commissioners, and being duly sworn, it 
is their duty to go from house to house, and assess all male i^ersons 
above the age of twenty-one years, and all others having assessable 
property' in the district. 

CFor a full list of property to be assessed, see Chapter XXXIII, 
" Rates and Subjects of Taxation. ") 

For purposes of taxation, the title to lands is in the person who has 
the deed or articles of agreement for purchase. When seated lands are 
partly in one township and jjartly in another, they must be assessed in 
the township where the mansion-house is situated. This does not apply 
where the mansion-house is in an incorporated city or borough, and the 
farm outside. When the township or borough line passes through the 
mansion-house, the owner may elect in writing in w^hich district his 
residence siiall be designated, to be filed in the commissioners' office, 
and shall be final. 

6. All property is required to be assessed at its hona fide salable 
value. If the assessor has reason to suspect a false return of property 
in any case, he may make the assessment from the best means of in- 
formation within his reach, and persons feeling aggrieved may appeal 
to the county commissioners. Any assessor knowingly or intentionally 
omitting or refusing to assess any taxable property, or assessingthe same 
above or below its value, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on con- 
viction be liable to a fine of not less than $100 nor more than $200, and 
imprisonment not less than three nor more than twelve months. Be- 
tween the triennial assessments, they siiall re-assess estates improved by 
buildings or otherwise; allowance or abatement for buildings or im- 
provements destroyed since the last triennial assessment can only be 
made by the commissioners. 

7. W^hen the transcript is received from the commissioners' clerk, 
the assessors must give written or printed notice, at least five days be- 
fore the day of appeal, to every taxable inhabitant of their respective 
districts, of the sum or amount with which they stand rated, and the 
rate of tax, and the time and place of the appeal, which the assessor 
shall attend. And when they make anj^ alterations in their assess- 
ments by reason of improvements, or where new names are added, 
they must notily the assessed, so they can attend the appeal. They 
must assist the supervisors and overseers in la3-ing township rates, and 
furnish them with a corrected copy of the last adjus-ted valuation. 
They must return to the county commissioners, in a separate list, all 
property within their districts exempted by law from taxation. (For 
statement of property exempt from taxation, see Chapter XXXIII.) 

8. The assessors of the various districts are the offices tinder the law to 
make the registration of voters for election purposes. On the first Mon- 
day of June in each year, they must take up the transcript of the last 



158 people's manual. 

preceding assessment, and proceed to add thereto the names of such 
voters as have moved into their districts, and erase the names of such 
as have moved out. To this end they must visit every dwelling, mak- 
ing careful inquiry, ascertaining on what ground newly assessed per- 
sons claim the right to vote. 

When this is done, they make up a list, in alphabetical order, of the 
male citizens thus registered, giving place of residence, (in cities and 
towns, street and number,) occupation, place of boarding, with whom 
living or working, and write " voter " opposite the name. Naturalized 
persons must show their certificates, unless they have voted in the dis- 
trict two years, and opposite their names is written the letter "N." 
When the person has declared his intention to be naturalized, and ex- 
pects to get his final papers before the next election, the letters " D. I." 
are written opposite his name. Where the person intends to be natur- 
alized one month before the next election, the declaration not being 
necessary, the letters "I. N." are written opposite his name. Persons 
voting on age are marked " age," and when they have come in since the 
last election they are marked " R." A separate list must be made of .all 
new assessments, and the list must be returned to the county commis- 
sioners forthwith. 

As soon as the duplicate list is returned to the assessor by the com- 
missioners, and before the first Monday of August, he must place one 
copy on the door of the election-house, and keep the other for free m- 
spection ; and he must add, from time to time, on application, the names 
of such as claim the right to vote, marking opposite every such name 
the letters " C. V. " He must be present at the election-house the sixty- 
third and sixty-second days before the general election, from ten, a. m., 
to three, p. M., and six to nine, p. M., to hear and act on all applications 
for registry, erasures, or corrections ; and on the following day he must 
make a return to the county commissioners of all the additions and cor- 
rections he has made to the list since his last return ; and from this re- 
turn the commissioners furnish the list of voters to the election officers. 
No one whose name is not on this list can vote without proving his right 
according to law. 

Assessors must attend all elections, to give information to the election 
board touching the right of persons to vote. 

9. If any qualified elector complains to a law judge, before the elec- 
tion, of any illegal act of the assessor in registering, such assessor may 
be cited to appear before the judge, and, on hearing, the judge may 
order names to be added or stricken off, as j ustice requires, and may 
proceed by attachment, as in case of contempt. 

For any neglect or refusal to perform their duty in registering voters, 
the tine, on conviction, is $100. For knowingly assisting unqualified 
voters, or refusing to assess qualified ones, they are guilty of a misde- 
meanor, and, on conviction, may be fined not exceeding |1,000, and im- 
prisoned not exceeding two years, besides being liable in damages to 
the party aggrieved. 

Supervisors. 

10. Within one month after their election, supervisors must give bond 
to the township, to be approved by the auditors, or the office shall be 
declared vacant, to be filled by the court of quarter sessions till the next 
election. If one alone qualifies, he may act till the vacancy is filled, but 
if both fail to qualify, the old supervisors hold over till their successors 
are duly qualified. Each supervisor may enter into a separate bond, 
when he shall be liable for hisown acts only. Bonds are collectible by 
law, if supervisors fail to pay over any balance found due within thirty 
da3'S. If any supervisor, who can do so, neglects or refuses to give the 
required bond, he is liable to a penalty of $20. 

11. They must keep the roads and bridges in their townships in good 
repair, and open and build new ones, on orders from the court of quarter 



TOWNSniP OFFICERS. 159 

sessions. For neglect or refusal to do this, they may be indicted. They 
must keep accounts, in a book provided tor that purpose, of all moneys 
received and expended bj' theni on behalf of the township, to be sworn 
to, and settled by the t(nvnslii|) auditors. 

They may lay a tax not exceeding one cent on the dollar (see Chapter 
XXXII 1) for the ordinarj^ purposes allowed by law, and an additional 
rate to pay a just debt due a former supervisor or overseer. Where 
other debts are to be paid, the creditors may secure an order from the 
court of quarter sessions, commanding tlie supervisors to levy a special 
tax for the purpose. In all cases, the assessment must be ou the last ad- 
justed valuation. 

12. In districts where the del^t is more than two per cent, of the as- 
sessed valuation, or it is intended to increase it above that rate, super- 
visors, or poor-overseers, must publish in at least two newspapers of the 
county, most convenient thereto, annual statements of the funded and 
floating debt, the valuation of property, the assets of the district, and 
the date of the maturity of the funded debt, under a penalty of $1,000. 

13. Supervisors and poor-overseers may jointly appoint a collector, 
who shall give bond to their satisfaction, but this shall not interfere with 
the right of the citizens to work out their road taxes— a right which can 
not be taken from tliem. Exonerations for road taxes may be made by 
supervisors where they deem it just and equitable. Exonerations for 
road taxes on unsealed lands must be claimed. of the county commis- 
sioners on or before February 1 of each year. 

When there is no township treasurer, supervisors collect and disburse 
the road tax. Our space will not permit us to give all the details of the 
law relating to supervisors and their duties. Suffice it to say that it is 
their duty to do all things necessary and proper to be done to open, re- 
pair, and maintain in good condition the public highways in their dis- 
tricts, and must levy, collect, and disburse the taxes allowed by law for 
this purpose, and are jiunishable by law for any neglect to do so. 

14. They may allow persons not exceeding $5 annually for erecting 
and maintaining in good order a watering-trough by the side of the high- 
way ; and may allow persons, on account of their road tax, one dollar 
for every four shade trees set out along the highway, according to law, 
not to exceed one fourth of their annual tax. 

Supervisors discharge the duties of constable when that officer cannot 
serve. 

In a few counties of the State, there are three "road commissioners" 
in each township, who have charge of all matters pertaining to the 
public highways. Under different names, and in a little difl'erent man- 
ner, they discharge substantially the same duties as supervisors. 

Overseers of the Poor. 

15. Overseers of the poor must give bond, and be sworn or affirmed, 
and have power to levy and collect liaxes for the support of the poor of 
their districts annually, nor exceeding one cent on each dollar of valu- 
ation. They nmst provide for every poor person having a legal settle- 
ment in the district applying to them for relief; and if any pauper not 
having a legal settlement therein applies for relief, they must care for 
him till his legal settlement is ascertained. If any pauper is able to 
work, they shall furnish him work according to his ability, such as 
working on the roads, or the like. If unable to work, they must sup- 
port them comfortably while they live, and bury them decently after 
their death, all at the expense of the district. 

The overseers are a corporation, and may receive, hold, and disburse 
property, both real and personal, coming by gift, grant, bequest, or 
otherwise, for the benefit of the poor of their district. They are elected, 
one each year, to serve two years. 

16. If any poor-overseer shall neglect or refuse to perform any duty 
of his office, he may be convicted of a misdemeanor and fined not ex- 
ceeding $100. 



160 people's manual. 

It is made the duty of overseers and directors of the poor to recover, 
for the use of their poor-districts, moneys bet on elections, and failing 
to do so, knowing the fact, they are guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on 
conviction, are liable to pay a sum not less than the amount of the bet, 
nor more than double the amount. 

Auditors. 

17. Township and borough auditors are required to meet annually on 
the second Monday of March, to examine and audit the accounts of su- 
pervisors, poor-overseers, and other township officers, except school- 
directors. For the purpose of auditing the accounts of school-directors, 
they meet on the first Monday of June, and oftener if necessary. 

18. Their reports, when completed, must be filed with the town clerk, 
if there be one, otherwise with the senior auditor, for inspection by all 
who may be concerned. A copy thereof shall be filed in the court of 
quarter sessions, and an itemized statement of the accounts of the town- 
ship officers must be published in one of the newspapers of the county 
having the largest circulation in the district, or by at least five written 
or printed handbills, posted in the most public places in the township 
within ten days after the settlement. 

19. They have the same power and authority to obtain the attendance 
before them of parties and witnesses, and as to the production of books 
and papers, and to administer oaths aud affirmations, and to commit 
persons who refuse to testify, and admit other evidence when parties 
withhold books, papers, &g., as county auditors have. They cannot 
issue orders on township officers. 

20. In addition to auditing the accounts of township olHcers, they are 
sworn as fence viewers. On receiving notice, they must, within five 
days, view and examine any line fence between disagreeing owners, 
and make out a certificate in writing, setting forth whether in their 
opinion the fence already built by one is sufficient, and, if not, what 
proportion of the expense of building a new fence, or repairing the old 
one, should be borne by each party; and in each case they must set 
forth the sum which, in their judgment, each party ought to pay to the 
other, in case he shall not repair or build his proportion of the fence. 
A copy of this certificate shall be delivered to each of the parties, and 
there is no appeal from their decision. For this service, they receive the 
same pay as for their services as auditors, to be paid by the delinquent, 
or in equal sums from both parties, as they shall decide to be just. 

If any party shall be delinquent in making or repairing his fence for 
ten days after a copy of the viewers' certificate is handed to him, those 
aggrieved may make or repair the fence, and bring suit before any jus- 
tice, and recover for work and labor done and materials furnished ; and 
either party may appeal as in other cases. 

The law of 1700 requires all corn-fields and grounds kept for inclo- 
sures to be well fenced with fences at least five feet high, of sufficient 
rails or logs, and close at the bottom. The owners of adjacent unim- 
proved lands cannot call upon each other to contribute to the cost of a 
division fence between them. Either one msLy, in such a case, erect a 
fence on his own land. The viewers have nothing to do with the line, 
or questions concerning the location of the fence. They cannot be called 
to view a fence between the first of November and the first of April 
next ensuing. Any viewer refusing to perform this duty forfeits $3 for 
every refusal to the party aggrieved, to be recovered as a common debt. 

21. It is also the duty of township auditors to appraise the damage 
done by dogs to sheep-owners, in counties where sheep, torn or de- 
stroyed by dogs, are to be appraised ; and for this purpose they are re- 
quired to take the following oath before a justice of the peace : ' "I, 

. . . , do swear that I will, when called on for that purpose, faith- 
fully and impartially perform all and every of the duties enjoined on 
me by an act, entitled 'An act laying a tax on dogs in certain counties, 



TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 161 

and for other purposes,' passed March 23, 1809, audits supplements." 
This oath the justice shall administer without lee, and give a certificate 
of it gratis. 

An}- two of them are autliorized to assess the damage to sheep, and 
certify the amount to the county commissioners, under their hands and 
seals, and the commissioners shall draw an order on tlie county treas- 
urer in favor of the person sustaining the damage, to be paid out of the 
fund in his hands for this purpose. 

They have a right, and it is their dut}'-, to inquire whether the owner 
of the sheep has a dog, or dogs, and report the fact to the commissioners, 
and if the owner has not made a true return to the assessor of his dogs, 
he sliall not be entitled to the valuation of his sheep made by the aud- 
itors. For their services in discharging this duty, tliey are entitled to 
the pay allowed by law for other duties. 

The paj^ of township auditors was fixed by law at |1 a day, to be paid 
out of the township funds, but in many counties it has been increased 
by special acts of Assembly, the increase being generally to $1 50 per 
day, but in some cases to a larger sum. See appendix. 

Town Clerk. 

22. The town clerk serves the supervisors of the township as their 
clerk, and receives such compensation as they determine from time to 
time. He must provide suitable books for records, to be paid for out of 
the township funds, to be kept open by him at all times for public in- 
spection. For every search of this record, he is entitled to ten cents. 

When the finder of a stray shall deliver to him a particular descrip- 
tion of the color and marks, natural or artificial, of such stray or strays, 
in writing or other satisfactory way, he must enter the same in his 
record, for which he is entitled to receive the following fees: For every 
horse, fifty cents ; cattle, twenty-five cents ; sheep, six cents. For every 
neglect or refusal to do this, he forfeits |5. 

In districts where the road commissioners are controllers of the high- 
ways, and hold views, the town clerk must enter the reports of these 
views iu his record, with all the proceedings in each case. 

Township Treasurer. 

23. When a township treasurer is elected, he must give such bond as 
will be satisfactory to the supervisors, for the faithful performance of 
his duties, properly accounting for all township moneys coming into 
his hands, and for the delivery to his successor of all books, papers, 
etc., belonging to the oflice, and paying over any balance in his hands 
to his successor. 

It is their duty to receive and keep safely all moneys coming to the 
township, from whatever source ; keep distinct accounts of moneys re- 
ceived from taxes and other sources, and payout moneys only on orders 
drawn by the supervisors. They must keep their accounts open at all 
times for inspection, and lay them before the township auditors each 
year for settlement, with the proper vouchers. 

For neglecting or refusing to perform any of the duties of their office, 
they are liable to a fine of $100 on conviction, and to be dismissed there- 
from. Their compensation is fixed by the supervisors, with the con- 
sent of the auditors, at a certain percentage on all township funds com- 
ing into their hands. 

Constables. 

24. The constable is not strictly a township officer, yet most of his du 
ties belong thereto. His duties and relation to the township and the 
justices of the peace therein, are in many respects similar to those of 

11 



1G2 PEOPLE'S MANUAL. 

the sheriff to the county and its courts. He is elected to serve one year. 
Any freeholder elected or appointed to this office and refusing to serve 
is liable to aline of $10. Hemustappearat the next court of quarter ses- 
isions and accept or decline the office. If he has served in the ofiQce as 
a principal or deputy within fifteen years, or paid the penalty within 
that time, he shall be excused. 

He must give a bond of not less than $500 nor more than $3,000, as the 
court shall direct, for like purposes as the sheriff's bond, to be filed in 
the court of quarter sessions. Suits thereon must be brought within 
three years from the date of its approval. He can appoint no deputy 
without the approval of the court of quarter sessions, except in a civil 
suit, at the request and risk of the plaintiff. 

In case of intemperance or misconduct, on complaint made to the 
quarter sessions by affidavit, he may be made to give special bond, or 
be removed from office. 

25. All writs, notices, warrants, and legal process generally, directed 
to him by a justice of the peace or a party to the proceeding, must be 
promptly served, according to law, and return made in writing, under 
oath. A warrant must be executed fortliwith and the defendant's body 
brought before the justice issuing it, unless the offense charged is bail- 
able, and defendant requests to be taken before a nearer justice to give 
bail for court. Writs and other process and papers may be given to any 
constable in the county, and served by him anywhere in the county, or, 
if a warrant, out of the county, by first having it indorsed by a justice 
in the county where executed. 

26. He may levy on and sell personal property to satisfy any execu- 
tion from a justice, directed to him or placed in his hands,' first giving 
proper notice by at least three hand-bills, put up six days before the 
sale in the most public places in the township or district, stating time, 
place, and articles to be sold. He executes all landlords' warrants com- 
ing into his hands, following the directions of the law strictly, and, in 
case of sale, proceeding as on execution. After plaintift''s claim is sat- 
isfied, with the costs, he must return the surplus, if any, to the de- 
fendant. 

27. If the defendant in an execution is entitled to the exemption of 
1300, and demands it before the sale, the constable must summon three 
disinterested and competent persons to make the appraisement accord- 
ing to law. And in all cases of sale if a legal claim for taxes, rent, or 
labor is made, he must see that they are first paid out of the proceeds of 
the sale. Special proceedings may be had against a constable for negli- 
gence or making a false return ; and severe penalties are imposed on 
him for failing to pay over moneys made on execution, or otherwise. 
Neither they nor their deputies can buy at their own sales, directly or 
indirectly, under a severe penalty. 

28. Constables must give at least ten days' notice of all township elec- 
tions, by ten or more handbills, either written or printed, posted in the 
most public places in the district. If this duty is neglected or refused 
by the constable, it must be performed by the supervisor or assessor, 
but the latter need give but five days' notice. The fee for giving this 
notice is $2. The constable must be in attendance at all elections to pre- 
serve the peace, and see that the polls are kept clear and free from dis- 
turbance. They must see that all public bars are kept closed during 
election day. For neglecting to keep the approach to the polls open on 
election day, they are liable, on conviction, to a tine of not less than 
$100, nor more than $1,000. They must report any disturbance at an 
election to the next court of quarter sessions, with the names of the wit- 
nesses to prove it, and for neglecting to do so may be fined not exceed- 
$100. They are entitled to $2 for attending at the general election, and 
$3 for attending at all other elections. 

29. A constable as a peace officer has a right to arrest persons without 
warrant who are engaged in a riot or other breach of the peace, if delay 
would be dangerous. In the discharge of his duty as a peace officer, his 



TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 163 

person is protecied by the law, and any assault made upon hiai then 
would be a serious offense, and severely punishable. He may call on ■ 
the citizens to assist hiui in suppressing a riot, and they are bound to do 

BO. 

Constables have authority to arrest vagrants and take them before a 
committing magistrate for examination and disjiosition. 

30. Each constable must make a return to tlie court of quarter sessions 
of his county four times each year, under oath, in such form as the 
president judge of the district sliall prescribe. The return is made on 
a printed form, each item to be filled in by the constable. These re- 
turns vary some in the different counties, but usually embrace the fol- 
lowing heads : Names of retailers of liquors ; names of retailers of mer- 
cliandise ; condition of roads and bridges ; index boards, up or not; 
bastard children born ; game killed out of season ; fish caught or sold 
against law; bawdy or disorderly liouses ; gambling houses; disturb- 
ances at elections ; liquors sold without license ; liquors sold on election 
day ; liquors sold to persons forbidden by law. The return must be 
signed by the constable and sworn to before the clerk of the court. The 
penalty for neglecting to make this return is ?50 tine, and imprisonment 
not less tlian ten nor more than thirty days. 

The judges of the courts appoint constables, from time to time, to at- 
tend court and wait on the juries, their compensation to be fixed by 
law. 

Tax Collectors. 

31. Collectors of county, and State taxes are appointed for each dis- 
trict in the county by tlie county commissioners, who are required to 
give bond unless they are freeholders to a sufficient amount. For 
refusing to serve, unless excused by reason of having served once in 
ten j^ears, or not being able to give bail, the penalty is $50. A collector 
who has proven a defaulter cannot be re-appointed. 

32. Attached to their duplicate is a warrant signed by the county 
commissioners, so that if any one refuses to pay their tax within thirty 
days after it is demanded, the collecror may proceed by distress and 
sale to collect it, giving ten days' notice by at least three handbills. 
The levy should be made on goods enougli to pay the tax. and no more, 
for a grievous excess would make the collector a tresspasser. If goods 
enough cannot be found, the body of the delinquent may be taken to 
the county jail, unless a female, infant, or lunatic. The warrant is 
effective for two years from the date of signing. A warrant is a lien on 
the property only from the time the levy is made. 

33. The goods and chattels of any person occupying any real estate 
are liable to distress and sale for taxes due and unpaid thereon, during 
his occupancy, the same as if they belonged to the owner of such real 
estate. The distress need not be made on tlie premises. And such 
goods are liable for taxes assessed before the tenant took possession. 
An owner's goods, or those of his tenant, are liable for distress for taxes 
assessed before he purchased. 

3i. Collectors may appoint deputies, with the approbation of the 
county treasurer, the collectors and their sureties to be responsible. 
They must, within six weeks from the date of their warrant, pay all 
moneys then collected to the county treasurer, and make final settle- 
ment within three months from the time the duplicate is placed in their 
hands, on pain of being chargeable with the whole balance, except 
such exonerations as the commissioners may allow. 

3^1. Collectors cannot take payment of taxes not assessed, nor where 
parties have been exonerated^ unless they voluntarily appear and 
tender payment, nor can they add names to the duplicate. A violation 
of this law subjects them to a fine of not more than $100, and removal 
from office. A collector cannot sue for taxes till after the expiration 
of his warrant, and then the statute of limitations will run against him. 



164 PKOriiE'S MANUAL. 

When. property is sold by the sheriff, collectors should give notice of 
their claim for taxes before the sale. Their compensation is five per 
cent, on all taxes collected by them. 

It is often customary to make the constable of the district tax col- 
lector, but he has no more claim upon the position than any other citi- 
zen. 

Sohool-Directors. 

36. Each township, borough, and city in the State constitutes a sep- 
arate school-district, but a borough may be connected with a township 
in such a way that the two shall form but one district. Each school- 
district is a corporation, known as the " school-district of . . . town- 
ship," or borough, as the case may be, with power to sue and be sued, 
&c. 

Each district has a board of six school-directors, except in cities, and 
in districts where the number is fixed by special law. They are elected 
to serve three years, two being elected each year. All citizens, women 
as well as men, are eligible to the office of school-director, and women 
may hold any office under the school laws of the State. 

37. School-directors serve without compensation, and need not be 
sworn. They enter on their duties as soon as notified after their elec- 
tion by the constable. Their election may be contested on the petition 
of not less than ten qualified electors of the district, presented to the 
court of quarter sessions, which may confirm their election, or set it 
aside and order a new one. When there is a tie vote between candi- 
dates, they appear at the next meeting of the board and draw as many 
papers as there are candidates, and the one drawing the paper with the 
word "director" written on it shall be declared elected. 

38. Any vacancy happening in the board shall be filled by the re- 
maining directors until the next spring election, Avhen it shall be filled 
by election for the unexpired term. If a director regularly elected re- 
fuses to attend a regular'meeting of the board, after being notified by 
the secretary in writing to appear and enter upon his duties, or after 
entering on the duties of his office shall neglect to attend two successive 
meetings of the board, unless prevented by absence from the district or 
sickness, or to act in his official capacity. when present at a meeting, the 
directors present may declare his seat vacant, and appoint another in 
his place until the next election. 

39. If all the members of any board shall refuse to discharge their 
dutv, by levying the tax Yequired by law, and to open and keep open 
the schools, as far as the means of the district will permit, or neglect or 
refuse to perform any other duty required by law, their seats may be de- 
clared vacant and others be appointed by the court of quarter sessions, 
on complaint and petition, and due proof made by six citizens of the 
district. The only remedy against directors is by removal. All direct- 
ors are exempt from serving in any other township, city, or borough 
office, and from serving in the militia. 

The board must organize within ten days after the first of June of 
each year by electing a president, secretary, and treasurer. The treas- 
urer need not be a member of the board. The president and secretary 
have many duties to perform relative to levying the tax for the district, 
issuing orders, preparing dunlicates, making reports to the county and 
State superintendents, &c. 'if the president and secretary draw an 
order without authority, they are indictable, and if the board direct an 
order to be drawn for an unlawful purpose, they are indictable. 

40. The board must hold at least one stated meeting in every three 
months. Four membeT-s are necessary to the transaction of all business, 
except to adjourn or fill vacancies. It requires four affirmative votes to 
levy the school-tax, to locate a school-house, or change or abandon a lo- 
cation, to appoint or dismiss a teacher, to fix the school-term, to adopt 
a course of study or select text-books, or to pass a resolution to pay for 
or sell any real estate. 



TO-WXSniP OFFICERS. 165 

41. Boards of directors may borrow money at a rate of interest not 
exceeding six per cent., and issue bonds therefor in sums not less than 
$100; but tlie debt thus incurred must not exceed one half per cent, of 
the assessed valuation of the real estate of the district. A larger debt 
may be incurred by borrowing moue^^, on api)lication to the court of 
common pleas. 

42. The board of directors of eacli district must establisli sufficient 
schools therein, i^roperly located, to accommodate every person in the 
district between six and twenty-one j^ears of age applying for admis- 
sion, and supply each building with all necessary accummodations. 

43. They have a general supervision over the schools of the district 
when in session, and at least one director must visit each school once 
every mouth, and have the result of his visit entered on the minutes of 
the board. 

They employ all teachers for their district, fix their salaries, and may 
dismiss a teacher for incompetency, cruelty, negligence, or immorality. 
They direct what branches shall be taught in each school, grade the 
schools when necessarj"^, direct what text-books shall be used, and may 
suspend or expel pupils for bad conduct. They cannot change text- 
books oftener than once in three v^ears. 

44. Collectors of school-taxes are api^ointed by the school-boards, and 
receive as compensation a sum not exceeding five per cent, on the 
amount collected by them. 

At the close of each school-year, the board of directors must furnish 
to the township or borough auditors a full certified statement, itemized, 
of all the receipts and expenditures of the district, with its assets and 
liabilities, with all books, papers, and vouchers relating thereto. After 
the same has been approved by the auditors, it must be entered in full 
on the minutes of the board, and be published in a condensed form by 
not less than ten written or printed handbills in the district, or in two 
newspapers of the county having the largest circulation among the cit- 
izens'interested. A fine of $300 is the penalty for neglecting these 
duties. 

For further information relative to schools and the common-school 
system of the State, see Chapter XXIV, "Department of Public In- 
struction," and Chajiter XXXIII, under the sub-head " School-Taxes." 

Justices of the Peace. 

45. Justices of the peace are, in a certain sense, township officers, and 
are in nearly all cases classed as such, yet they form a part of the re- 
gular judicial system of the State, just as much as the judges of the 
courts. For this reason, and to make our treatment of the judicial de- 
partment of the State government complete, according to our plan, we 
devoted a chapter under that general head, (Chapter XXXVIII,) to 
j ustices of the peace, aldermen, and magistrates, to which the reader is 
here referred. 

Election Officers. 

46. The election officers of each district consist of a judge and two in- 
spectors, and two clerks. The judge is voted for by all the electors of 
the district, and the candidate receiving the most votes shall be declared 
elected. Each elector can vote for but one candidate for inspector, and 
the two receiving the highest number of votes shall be declared elected. 
Each inspector may appoint one clerk. Where there is a tie vote for 
judge, the person receiving the highest vote for inspector shall appoint 
a judge. 

No person who holds, or lias held within two months preceding, any 
office of trust or profit under the United States, State, or municipal 
government, except a justice of the peace, alderman, or notary, or in 
the militia, can sit on the election board. No election officer is eligible 



166 people's manual. 

to any office voted, for while he is on the board, except township offices. 
Vacancies existing by reason of disqualiti cation, or otherwise, may be 
filled by the court of common pleas, but inspectors thus appointed must 
be of opposite political parties. 

Two overseers of election may be appointed by the court of common 
pleas in certain contingencies, but must belong to different political 
parties. 

47. Elections must be opened at seven o'clock in the morning and be 
closed at seven o'clock in the evening. At the time for opening the 
polls, if a vacancy exist in the office of minority inspector, the person 
who received the second highest number of votes for judge at the last 
election for judge shall act as such, and if the majority inspector is ab- 
sent, the judge shall appoint one in his place. If the judge is absent, 
the inspector who received the highest number of votes shall appoint a 
judge. If a vacancy exist one hour after the time to open the polls, 
the electors present shall elect one of their number to fill it. If a clerk 
be absent, the inspector who appointed him shall fill the vacancy. 
When any vacancy on the board is filled, the appointee shall serve till 
the end of the term. Election officers serve but one year. 

48. Before opening the polls, the election officers must all be sworn, 
either by a justice of the peace, alderman, or judge, or the minority in- 
spector may swear the judge of election, and he shall swear the rest. 
A copy of the oath to be taken by each is furnished with the election, 
papers by the county commissioners, and, after being properly filled 
up and subscribed by the respective officers, in duplicate, one of each 
shall be placed in the ballot-box with the tickets when the election is 
concluded, and the others shall be inclosed with the election returns. 

49. If any j udge or minority inspector refuses or fails to swear the elec- 
tion officer's in the presence of each other, if any officer shall act without 
being duly sworn, or shall sign the oath without being sworn, or if any 
judge or minority inspector shall certify that any officer was sworn when 
he was not, the same shall, in each case, be deemed a misdemeanor, and, 
on conviction, the officer so offending shall be fined not exceeding ^1,000 
and be imprisoned one year, or both at the discretion of the court. 

50. When the election is concluded, the votes counted, and the returns 
made out and signed, the names of the candidates voted for, with the 
number of votes received by each, shall be written out in full, signed 
by the election officers, and placed on the outside of the door of the 
election-house; and when the tickets are placed in the ballot-box, with 
the oaths, it shall be securely closed, as directed by law, and the judge 
and minority ins]3ector shall deliver it to the person designated as its 
custodian. 

51. The compensation of election officers in most counties is |1 50 per 
day, to be paid out of the county treasury on the order of the county 
commissioners. In a few counties the pay is higher. 

For a full and detailed statement of the law relating to elections, see 
Digest of Election Laws of Pennsylvania, published by Lane S. Hart, 
Harrisburg. Price, fifteen cents. A copy of this little book should be 
in the hands of every election officer in the State. 

General Borough. Laws. 

52. With the following summary of the law relating to the incorpora- 
tion of boroughs, and the apiaointment, election, duties, and powers of 
borough officers, we conclude what we have to say relative to township 
officers : 

The several courts of quarter sessions have power to incorporate bor- 
oughs whose applications shall have been laid before the grand jury 
and approved three months before, and been advertised at least thirty 
days in one newspaper of the county before the petition shall have been 
presented. The same course must be pursued in case of change of 
limits. 



TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 167 

The application must be signed bj"- a majority of the freeholders re- 
siding iu the district applying, and must sen forth the name of the pro- 
posed borough, with a particular description of tlie boundaries tliereof, 
exhibiting the courses and distances in words at length, and be accom- 
panied with a plot or draft. 

53. All borough charters mu«t contain: (1) the corporate style and 
title of the borough; (2) the boundaries; (3) the time and place of 
holding the election. 

54. The courts, with the concurrence of the grand jury, may alter or 
annul any borougli charter on petition of two thirds of the taxable in- 
habitants' thereof, after like proceedings as in case of chartering. 

55. Boroughs shall be limited to hold real and personal estate not ex- 
ceeding the yearly value of $3,000. 

56. The burgess and town council have power and are required, on 
petition of twenty or more freehold owners of lots or out-lots, or other 
tracts of land lying adjacent to their borough, to declare by ordinance 
the admission of the section on which said petitioners and others reside, 
and it shall thereafter be a part of the borough, and subject to its juris- 
diction and laws. The conditions must be carried out strictly. 

57. The court of quarter sessions, on complaint of persons owning 
farming lands adjacent to a borough, but projaosed to be embraced 
therein, may exclude the same, and for this purpose modify or change 
such boundaries. 

Where borough authorities propose to extend the borougli limits, they 
shall file a plan of the extension in the court of quarter sessions, and 
publish notice of their intention in at least two newspapers of the county. 

Any citizen of the borough orof the territory proposed to be annexed 
may appeal from the ordinance of extension, within thirty days of the 
tiling of the plan, and the court will then use its discretion in the 
matter. 

58. When territory is taken into a borough, the same remains liable 
for its proportion of tlie debt of the township from which it was taken, 
to be levied by the borough authorities and paid to the township. 

69. The corporate powers of a borough are as follows: 

To have succession by its corporate name perpetually. 

To sue and be sued in all courts. 

To make and use a common seal, and alter it at pleasure. 

To hold, purchase, and convey real and personal estate for borough 
purposes within the charter limits. 

60i The following jjowers shall be vested in the officers designated in 
' the charter : 

To make ordinances and regulations not inconsistent with the laws of 
the State, as they shall deem necessary for the government of the bor- 
ough. 

To survey, lay out, and establish such roads, streets, alleys, lanes, and 
sewers as aVe necessary, and to provide for and ordain the straightening 
and widening of the same, and to prohibit the erection or construction 
ofam^ building or work, excavation, or other obstruction to the open- 
ing, widening, and convenient use thereof. 

To regulate the foregoing, and all courts, public squares, common 
grounds, foot-walks, pavements, gutters, culverts, drains, and all per- 
taining thereto. 

To require and direct the grading, curbing, paving, and guttering of 
the side and foot-walks by the owners of the lots of ground on which 
they front, or to cause the same to be done at the expense of the owners 
failing to do it within the time specified by the regulations, and to col- 
lect the cost of the work and materials, Avith twenty per cent, penalty, 
the debt to be recovered as mechanics' liens are recoverable. 

To make regulations respecting the foundations of party walls of 
buildinos, vaults, cess-pools, sinks, drains, and partition fences. 

To enter upon premises for the performance of their duties. 



168 people's manual. 

To regulate and prohibit the running at large of cattle, horses, swine, 
and other animals, and to seize them for the benefit of the borough. 

To authorize the killing of dogs running at large contrary to the regu- 
lations. 

To make all needful regulations concernine the markets, peddling, 
and the inspection and mtasurement or weight of cord-wood, hay, coal, 
and otiier articles offered for sale. 

To regulate annually the scales, weights, and measures within the 
borough, according to the standard of the State. 

To prohibit and remove all obstructions of the highways, or nuisances 
■within the borough, or cause it to be done at the expense of the owners, 
with twenty per cent, penalty, as in the case of sidewalks. 

To prohibit any noxious trade within the borough, or any manufac- 
ture, sale, or exposure of fire-works, or other inflammable and danger- 
ous articles, and to fix limits of quantities that may be kept in one place. 

To make regulations relative to the accumulation of manure, com- 
post and the like in stable-yards, and prevent the keeping of hogs within 
the borougli or such limits as they may prescribe. 

To prohibit within the borough the burial of deceased persons, or fix 
limits for the same, and regulate the depth of graves. 

To make regulations necessary for the healtli and cleanliness of the 
borough. 

To prescribe fire rules and limits, and authorize the purchase of fire- 
engines and the payment of fire companies. 

To regulate and prohibit the exhibition of shows, plays, jugglerSj 
mountebanks, and all others of the same sort. 

To establish a night-watch, to light the streets, to provide a supply of 
water for the use of the inhabitants, to make all needful regulatioiis for 
the protection of the pipes, lamps, reservoirs, and other apparatus. 

To impose fines and penalties, to remit the same, to provide or erect 
a lock-up house for the temporary detention of persons committed by 
the proper corporate oflicers or by justices within the borough: Pro- 
vided, No person shall be confined therein longer than forty-eight 
hours at a time. 

To appoint and remove such officers, prescribe their duties and pay, 
as may be necessary for the peace, order, and well-being of the inhab- 
itants, and to enforce the regulations. 

To levy and collect annually, for borough purposes, any tax not ex- 
ceeding one half cent on the dollar of valuation for county purposes, 
all property, offices, professions, and persons taxable for county rates 
and levies, to be taxable for borough purposes. 

To levy and collect annually a tax on dogs and bitches, %l on the 
former and |2 on the latter, for the first one, and in such ratio as they 
deem proper for any additional number. 

To borrow money for the use of the borough, not exceeding one per 
cent, on the dollar of the whole valuation, real and personal, of the 
property in the borough, and issue certificates of indebtedness at no 
higher rate of interest than six per cent., and sell them at not less than 
par, the loan to be liable to no tax except by the State. 

61. The officers of a borough are a burgess, (with the general powers 
of a justice of the peace,) six town-councilmen, two overseers of the 
poor, three auditors, one constable, one high constable, and such others 
as the charter may specially provide. Each borough forms a separate 
election district, and, of course, elects the same election officers as a 
township ; and when divided into wards, each ward forms a separate 
election district, with its election officers, and corresponds in all respects 
to the townshii3, with its separate township oflicers. A city is only a 
large borough, with some modifications as to officers and their duties. 

62. Every male citizen wdio has resided in the borough six months 
preceding an election for borough olflcers, and has paid a borough tax 
within one year, can vote at such election, if he has the qualifications 



TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 169 

required by the Constitution. All electors of the borough are eligible 
to any borough office. 

63. "Tlie burgess and town council may submit to a vote of the elec- 
tors whether they will have a "gas tax," "water tax," or " kerosene 
tax," or not. 

64. The borough authorities cannot take private property for public 
purposes without the consent of the owners, or untU just compensa- 
tion has been made for the same, according to law. 




(170) 



PAET FOURTH. 
[APPENDIX.] 



Salaries and Fees of Officers. 



fl71) 




(172) 



SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 

[APPENDIX.] 



CHAPTER XL. 



SALARIES AND FEES OF COUNTY, TOWNSHIP, AND 
BOROUGH OFFICERS, AND NOTARIES PUBLIC. 



Section 1. The fifth section of the fourteenth article of the Constitu- 
tion reads as follows: "The compensation of county officers shall be 
regulated by law, and all county officers who are, or may be, salaried, 
shall pa3' all fees which they are, or may be, authorized to receive into 
the county or State, as may be directed by law. In counties containing 
over one hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants, all county officers 
shall be paid by salary, and the salary of any such officer and his 
clerks, heretofore paid by fees, shall not exceed the aggregate amount 
of fees earned during his term and collected by or for him." 

In pursuance of this provision of the Constitution, an act was passed 
June 13, 1883, P. L., p. 113, fixing the salaries of county officers in coun- 
ties containing over five hundred thousand inhabitants, as follows : 

District attorney, . . .$10,000 

First assistant district attorney, 5,000 

Second assistant district attorney, 4,000 

Third assistant district attorney, 3,000 

Sheriff, 15,000 

Coroner, 5,000 

Deputy coroner, 2,500 

Prothonotary, 10,000 

Clerk of quarter sessions and oyer and terminer, 5,000 

Recorder of deeds, 10,000 

Register of wills, 5,000 

Treasurer, 10,000 

Commissioners, each 5,000 

Controller, 8,000 

This act applies to Philadelphia county alone. 

Section 2. By act of May 11, 1881, (P. L., page 21,) the salaries of 
county officers in counties having less than five hundred thousand and 
more than three hundred thousand inhabitants, are fixed as follows: 

District attorney, |5,000 

Assistant district attorney, 2,000 

Sherifi; 6,500 

Coroner, 2,500 

Prothonotary, 6,000 

Clerk of the courts, 4,500 

Register of wills 4,000 

Recorder of deeds, 5,000 

County controller, 4,000 

County engineer, 2,500 

County surveyor 2,000 

(When the offices of engineer and surveyor are held by the 
same person, he receives $2,500 only.) 

(173) 



174 people's manual. 

Treasurer, 5,000 

Commissioners, each 2,500' 

Auditors, each 500 

County solicitor, 800 

County jailer, 2,500 

County detective, 1,200 

And these salaries shall not be affected by increase or decrease of pop- 
ulation. 

This act applies to Allegheny county alone. 

Section 3. By act of June 22, 1883, (P. L., page 143,) the salaries of 
county officers in counties having over one hundred thousand and not 
exceeding one hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants, are fixed as fol- 
lows: 

District attorney, $3,000 

Sheriff, 4,000 

Prothonotary, 3,000 

Clerk of the orphans' court, 2,000 

Clerk of quarter sessions and oyer and terminer, 2,000 

Register of wills, 2,500 

Recorder of deeds, 3,000 

Treasurer, ' 3,000 

County surveyor, 150 

Commissioners, each 1,000 

Auditors, each 250 

County solicitor, . 500 

Directors of the poor, each 800 

But when amount expended for out-door relief is $25, 000 a year 
or less, then only |500 each; and where there are more than 
three directors, only $250 each. 

Jury commissioners, each 250 

County jailer, 1,200 

Coroner, 1,000 

Where the office of register and clerk of the orphans' court are held 
by the same person, his salary shall be $3,000 only ; and where the office 
of clerk of the quarter sessions and oyer and terminer are held by the 
same person, his salary shall be $2,500 only. 

This act applies to Berks, Lancaster, Luzerne, and Schuylkill counties. 

In the remaining counties of ttie State, not affected by the foregoing 
acts fixing the salaries of county officers, all county officers are com- 
pensated by fees, as set forth in the following pages. 

In each county where the county officers are paid by fixed salaries, 
the deputies, clerks, etc., are also paid fixed salaries, and the number 
of such deputies, clerks, etc., and the amount of their salaries, are fixed 
in each county by a board constituted as prescribed by the several acts 
of Assembly relating thereto. 

Note.— This chapter on " Salaries and Fees of Officers," from the be- 
ginning of section 4 to the end, was prepared about January, 1879, with 
great care. Since then the salaries of county officers in Allegheny and 
Philadelphia counties have been changed, and the act has been passed 
fixing the salaries of county officers in Berks, Lancaster, Luzerne, and 
Schuylkill counties. Wherever, therefore, in sections 5 and following, 
the salaries of officers in these six counties differ from those given in 
sections 1, 2, and 3. the salaries in sections 1, 2, and 3 are to be taken. 

The act of 1883, fixing the salaries of county officers in counties con- 
taining more than one hundred thousand, and not exceeding one hunr 
dred and fifty thousand inhabitants, does not change the law requiring 
fifty per cent, of the fees received by sheriffs, prothonotaries, clerks of 
courts, registers of wills, and recorders of deeds in these counties, after 
paying certain expenses, to be paid to the State. 

We do not give the fees allowed to be charged by county officers in 
Philadelphia, as they concern no portion of the State but that county. 



SAIiABIES AND FKES OF OFFICERS. 175 

With the exceptions above noted, the following fee-bill will be found 
to be correct and lull for every county in the State. 

]\otaries Public. 

Section 4. The fees to be received by notaries public are as follows : 

Protest of a bill of exchange, registering seal and other services, $1. 

Attesting letter of attorney and seal, 50 cents. 

Notarial affidavit to an account, under seal, 25 cents. 

Registering foreign sea protest, $1. 

Registering copy of each protest, 12i cents. 

Registering foreign bill protested, w'ith certificate, 50 cents. 

Registermg protest of a bill of exchange or promissory note for non- 
acceptance or non-payment, 25 cents. 

Entering or noting sea protest, to be deducted from the legal charge 
for the protest, if extended, ?!1. 

Noting a bill of exchange, note, or thing properly protestable, either 
for non-acceptance or non- paj'nient, 374 cents. 

Drawing and taking proof of the acknowledgment of a bill of sale, 
bottomry, mortgage, or hyiDothecation of a vessel or charter party, $1. 

Certifying power of attorney for transferring and selling stock or other 
securities, 25 cents. 

Drawing and certifying affidavit, $1. 

Each oath or affirmation, 12^ cents. 

Notarial procuration, under'seal, 75 cents. 

Letter of attorney for transferring stock or other securities, and cer- 
tifj'ing the same, 50 cents. 

Drawing and taking acknowledgment or proof of substitution to a 
letter of attorney, §1. 

Being present' at demand, tender, or deposit, and noting the same, 50 
cents. 

Certificate of copies ready made, 50 cents. 

Comparing the same for every one hundred words, 7 cents. 

Certificates of stales at auction, 30 cents. 

Taldng proof of debts to be sent abroad, proof and acknowledgment 
of letters of attorney for receiving and transferring public securities, 
eacli(c) 50 cents. 

Taldng depositions and affidavits, taking and receiving acknowledg- 
ment or proof of all deeds, conveyances, mortgages, or other instruments 
of w^riting touching or concerning any lands, tenements, or heredita- 
ments situate, lying, and being in any part of this State, the same fees 
allowed at date of joassage of act, to aldermen and justices of the peace 
for similar service, (d) which fees are as follows, to wit : 

Administering oath or affirmation, 10 cents. 

Every acknowledgment or larobate of deed or other instrument of 
writing, 20 cents. 

Taking deposition every ten words, (e) 1 cent, except in the following 
counties, where their fees for administering an oath or affirmation is 20 
cents, and for every acknowledgment or probate of a deed or other in- 
strument of writing, '/o cents, viz : 

Berks, (.17) Bucks, (g) Cambria, (h) Chester, (/«) Cumberland, (/) 
Franklin, (/) Fulton, (/) Jefferson, (,(/) Lancaster, (/) Montgomery, (i) 
Philadelptiia, (A) and Warren, (j) also, Washington countj^ where their 
fees for administering an oath or affirmation is 6 cents. 

For taking acknowledgment or probate of deed or other instrument 
of writing, 25 cents. 

(a) Act of 1853, § 9, P. I^. p. 167. (g) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 365, and act 
(6) Act of 1S72, § 4, P. L. p. 122. of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 539. 

(C) Act of 1SI4, § 16, P. L. p. 362. (70 Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 539. 

(d) Act of 18S4, § 2, P. L. p. 962 (I) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 347, and act of 

(e) Act of 1857, § 1, P. L. p. 229. 1864, P. I., p. 365. 

(/) Act of 1834, § 1, P. I., p. 823. (J) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 322. 



176 people's manual. 

For taking depositions, every ten words, (a) 1 cent. 

In Alleglien3'' county, the fees of notaries public are as follows, viz : 

Making- demand for payment or acceptance of a promissory note, bill 
of exchange, draft, or check, 50 cents. 

Protesting the same, 50 cents. 

Registering protest of the same, 50 cents. 

Each notice of protest, exceeding two, 10 cents. 

Administering oaths or affidavit, writing out and certifying the same, 
with seal, ^1. 

Probate to bill or account, and certifying the same, with seal, 50 cents. 

Acknowledgment or probate of deed or other instrument of writing, 
for first name, 50 cents. 

Eacli additional name after the first, 25 cents. 

Taking depositions, (first page, folio cap,) $1. 

Taking deposition each additional page, 75 cents. 

Marine protests, including affidavits, certificate, seal, et cetera, (b) ?10. 

In the following counties, their fees for all services, except the taking 
of acloiowledgments, are increased fifty per centum, viz: Bedford, (c) 
Berks, (cZ) Blair, (e) Cameron, (/) Centre, (<;) Clinton, (A) Columbia, (t) 
Daui3hin,(j) Delaware, (c) Fulton, (c) Lackawanna, (^-) Lancaster, (A) 
Lebanon, ( j) Luzerne, (/c) Lycoming, (,(7) Montour, (Z) Nortliampton. (?/i) 
Philadelijhia, (tc) Snyder, (o) Somerset, (c) Westmoreland, (^>) and 
Wj^oming ; (q) and in the following counties tlieir fees are increased 
twenty-five per centum, viz : Erie, (r) Northumberland, (s) Schuyl- 
kill, («) and York.(M) 

County Officers. 

Treasurers.— General Provisions. 

Seotion 5. The compensation of each county treasurer, for services 
on behalf of the county, is fixed by the county commissioners, with the 
approbation of the county auditors ;(?;) and where they fail to fix the 
same, an appeal may be taken to the court of common pleas, which is 
empowered to fix the compensation, (w)* 

For moneys received on behalf of the Commonwealth, he is entitled 
to commissions, as follows : Five per cent, on the first thousand dollars 
accounted for, and paid over ; one per cent, on the second thousand ; 
and one half per cent, on all in excess of two thousand; (a;) the com- 
missions to be computed on the gross amount annually received on each 
separate account ;(2/) and he forfeits his commissions unless he pays 
over quarterly the moneys received by him. (2) 

He is allowed five per cent, on all moneys received from the sale of 
pamiDhlet laws, and cost of publication, (aa) and to retain, for his own 
use, from the State, personal and bank tax, after deducting the percent- 
age allowed for collection, a commission of one per cent., for paying 
over the same to the Commonwealth. (66) He is allowed for his services 

* This covers taxes received by county treasurers for use of township and school 
districts, from the sale of unseated lands, 

(a) Act of 185S, § 1, P. L. p. 136, and act (w) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 846. 

of 1814, § 14, P. L. p. 359. (o) Act of 1888, § 1, P. L. p. 706. 

(6) ActoflSoV. §1, P. L. p. 892; actofl868, {p) Act of 1872, § 1. P. L. p. 285. 

§ 1, P. L. p. 482; act of 1865, § 1, P. (q) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 183. 

L. p. 467; act of 1805, P. L. p. 92. (?•) Act of 1887, § 1, P. L. p. 471. 

(c) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 375. (*) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 517. 

(d) Il)id, p. 668. (t) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1101. 

(e) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 183. (u) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. lOliS. 
(/) Ibid. p. 167. (V) Act of 1834, § 41, P. L. p. 544. 
(ff) Act of 18G7, § 1, P. L. p. 994. (w) Act of 1S75, § 1, P. L. p. 54. 
(/i) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 557. (x) Act of 1834, § 42, P. L. p. 544. 
(i) Act of 1871, () 1, P. L. p. 1115. (y) Act of 1850, § 7, P. L. p. 472. 
(.;■) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 489. (z) Act of 1857, § 79, P. L. p. 570. 
(&) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 630. (aa) Act of 1827, 9 Sm., p. 2S5. 

(I) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 1298. (6&) Nead's Guide to County Officers, p.42. 

(ni) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 1217 



SALARIES AND FEES OP OFFICEES. 177 

in making out, registering, and delivering eacti license, 25 cents, to be 
paid by the person to whom tlie license is delivered, (a) 

He is allowed §1 lor each broker's commission granted, or indorsement 
made thereon, according to the act. (6) 

HLs fees on the sale of seated and miseated lands for taxes, are as fol- 
lows :(c) 

Advertising each tract, including printer's charge, ^50 

Selling each tract or part thereof, 37| 

Writing and signing every deed, 1 50 

AcJinowledging every deed, , . . . 25 

Writing and filing every bond to secure purcliase monej^, .... 25 

He is entitled to no fee for advertising sale of lands, when the owners 
pay the taxes on the same on or before March 1, previous to the day on 
which the lands are to be sold.(d) 

Special Acts for the Several Counties. 

Section 6. In Allegheny county, he receives, in full compensation for 
his services, an annual salarj^ of §o,000. (e) 

In Armstrong county, ?2",500 per annum, including clerk hire, ex- 
penses of advertising, stationery, and traveling, in the collection of State, 
county, and dog tax. (/ ) 

In iieaver countj'', four per cent, on the amount of State taxes col- 
lected and paid over by him ;((7) and for collecting county tax, two per 
cent, on the aggregate of annual receipts, exclusive of balances on for- 
mer settlements or compensation for disbursements ; (A) and $1 for ad- 
vertisiiig the sale of each tract or lot of ground for taxes, (i) 

In Bedford county, an annual salary of ^300, for services on behalf of 
the countj'.C j) and six per cent, of the amount of State taxes accounted 
for, and paid over to the State Treasui'er, four per cent, of which goes to 
the credit of the county, (/j) and the same fees on the sale of unseated 
lands for taxes, as are allowed the treasurer of Clearfield county. (?) 

For each license granted to a huckster, imder the act of May' 18, 1866, 
$2.(0 

In Berks county, one half per cent on all moneys received for county 
purposes, and one half per cent, for all moneys disbursed during the 
official 5'ear, the compensation not to exceed $3,000 per annum. (??i) 

In Bucks county, six per cent of amount of State taxes accounted for 
and paid over, four per cent, of which goes to the credit of the county ; (n) 
and for collecting county taxes, five per cent, on all monej's collected, 
to the amount of $50,000, and one per cent, on all monevs collected 
above $50,000.(0) 

In Cambria county, five per cent, on all State and county taxes col- 
lected and paid out by him. (p) 

In Carbon county, an annual salary of $1,000, in addition to compen- 
sation for collecting moneys due the Commonwealth, and his fees on the 
sale of unseated lands are as follows, viz :(q) Advertising each tract, or 
part thereof, including the printer's charge, $1 ; selling each tract, or 
part thereof, 75 cents ; Avriting and signing every deed, $2 ; acknowl- 
edging every deed, 50 cents; writing and filing every bond to secure 
purchjise money, 50 cents. 

In Centre county, an annual salary of $2,000 for services oji behalf of 



(a) Act oflSSO, § 9, P. L. p. 391. (j) Act of 1862, § 1, P. L. p, 315. 

(6) Act of 1841, § 7, P. L. p. 399. (k) Act of 1868, § 10, P. L. p. 1019. 

(c) Act of 1814, § 24, G Sm., p. 234, and act (I) Act of 1863, tj 1, P. L. p. 375, and act of 

of 1844, § 41, P. L,. p. 501. 18G6, § 1, P. L. p. 1097. 

(d) Act of 1850, § 4, P. L. p. 477. (m) Act of 1867, ij 1, P. L. p. 1126. 

(e) Act of 1876, § 13, P. L,. p. 17. (?i) Act of 1S59, § 10, P. L. p. 296. 
(/) Act of 1873, § 14, P. L. p. 359. (o) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 604. 
(,ff) Actof ISo3, § 11 P. L. p. 5. (p) A.ctoflS72, § 9, P. L. p. 997. 
(h) Act of 1863, § 2, P. L. p. 23. (g) Act of 1871, P. L. p. 1341. 

(i) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 798. 
12 



178 people's manual. 

the county, (a) and $1, including printer's charge, for advertising sale 
of each tract of unseated land. (&) 

In Chester county, $1,000 out of the county fund, in addition to the 
salary previously paid hini.(c) 

In Clarion county, four per cent, on the amount of State tax accounted 
for and paid over.(d) 

In Clearfield county, the following fees:(e) Advertising each tract, 
including printer's charge, $1 ; selling each tract, or part thereof, 50 
cents ; writing and signmg every deed, $2 ; acknowledging every deed, 
50 cents ; writing and filing every bond to secure purchase money, 50 
cents; mercantile licenses, $1 50; restaurant licenses, $1 ; brokers' li- 
censes, 60 cents; brewers' licenses, 50 cents; distillers' licenses, 50 
cents ; billiard saloon licenses, 50 cents ; ten-pin alley licenses, 50 cents ; 
patent medicine licenses, 50 cents. ' 

In Clinton county, an annual salary of $600, in addition to the com- 
pensation allowed for collecting mone3''s for the use of the Common- 
wealth, (/) and his fees on the sale of unseated lands for taxes and for 
licenses are the same as the treasurer of Clearfield county, {g) 

In Cumberland couuty, an annual salary of $2,200 in lieu of all fees 
and percentage, (/i) and six per cent, on the amount of State tax ac- 
counted for and paid over, four per cent, of which goes to the credit of 
the county, (i) For each license granted to a huckster, under the act 
of May 18, 1866, %2.{j) 

In Dauphin county, an annual salary of $2,500, in full" for all duties 
rendered, (/i;) 

In Delaware county, an annual salary of $1,200, in lieu of all other 
compensation. (^) 

In Elk county, the same fees on the sale of unseated lands, for taxes 
and for licences as are received by the treasurer of Clearfield countJ^ (m) 

In Forest county, four per cent, on the amount of State taxes ac- 
counted for and paid over, (n) and the same fees on the sale of unseated 
lands for taxes and for licenses as are received by the treasurer of Clear- 
field county, (o) 

In Franklin county, six per cent, on the amount of State taxes ac- 
counted for and paid over, four per cent, of which goes to the credit of 
the county, (p) For each license granted to a huckster, under the act of 
May IS, 1866, $2. {q) 

In Fulton county, six per cent, on the amount of State taxes accounted 
for and paid over, four per cent, of which goes to the credit of the 
county, (r) For each license granted to a huckster, under the act of 
May 18, 1866, $2.(5) 

In Greene county, upon county taxes, the amount fixed by the county 
commissioners at the connnencement of his official term, (i5) five per 
cent, on the whole amount of State taxes received and paid over, (m) and 
out of the proceeds of sale of property for delinquent taxes, after first 
deducting the taxes, the same fees as allowed to constables for levy and 
sale upon a writ of execution, his mileage to be computed from the 
place of holding the elections in the township of the delinquent to his 
place of residence, or to the premises against which the taxes are assess- 
ed ; but where the taxes are paid without distress and sale, he only re- 
ceives from the delinquent the same fees as allowed constables for col- 
lection upon an execution without levy and sale, (v) 



(«) Act of 1868, § 1, p. L. p. 639. (I) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 587. 

(&) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 491. (m) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 283. 

(c) Act of 18G8, § 10, P. L. p, 597. {n) Act of 1862, § 1, P. L. p. 495. 

(d) Act of 1852, § 6, r. L. p. 568. (0) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 283. 

(e) Act of 1866, § 1, 3, P. L. p. 711. (p) Act of 1853, § 16, P. L. p. 131, 
(/) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 358. (g) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 1097. 
(g) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 832. (r) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 1050. 
(h) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 920. (s) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 1097. 

(f ) Act of 1873, § 9, P. L. p. 663. (i) Act of 1855, § 2, P. L. p. 528. 
{j) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 1097. (u) Act of 1856, § 1, P. L. p. 14. 
(fc) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1559. {v) Act of 1869, § 2, P. L. p. 809. 



SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 179 

In Huntingdon county, a compensation of $700 for duties in connection 

with tetate and county tax. (a) 

In Indiana count}-, §:2,100 for every year of his services, including 
clerk hire, expenses of advertising, stationery, and traveling. (6) 

In Jeli'crson county, four per cent, on the whole amount of State taxes 
accounted for and paid over, (c) 

In Lancaster county, a salary of $3,000 per annum, and twenty-tive 
cents for registering and delivering each and every tavern license, (d) 

In Lackawanna county, the same fees on sale of unseated lands and on 
licenses iis are received by the treasurer of Clearfield county, (e) 

In Lawrence couiUy, fbui* per cent, on all moneys accounted for and 
paid over to the State. (/ ) 

In Lehigh counts", an annual salary of $1,000, in addition to the com- 
pensation allowed'by law for collecting and paying over money due the 
State, {g) 

In Luzerne county, the same fees on sale of vmseated lands and on 
licenses as are received by the treasurer of Clearfield county. (A) 

In Lj'coming county, the same fees on sale of unseated lands and on 
licenses as are received by the treasurer of Clearfield county, (i) and 
three per cent, on all county money received and paid out by him, the 
same not to exceed $1,000 iser annum, (j;') 

In Mercer county, four per cent, on tiie whole amount of moneys ac- 
counted for and paid over to the State, {k) 

In Monroe county, six per cent, on the amount accounted for and paid 
over to the State, four per cent, of which goes to the credit of the coun- 
ty- (0 

In Montgomery county, for his services on behalf of the county, a sum 
not exceeding ?o,000 per annum, to he fixed by the county commissioners, 
with the approbation of the county auditors, (m) and the additional sum 
of $1,500. (n) 

In Northumberland county, the same fees on the sale of unseated 
lands for taxes, and for licenses, as are received by the treasm*er of 
Clearfield county, (o) 

In the city and coimty of Philadelphia, $10,000 per annum, (p) 

In Pike county, his fees on the sale of seated lands for taxes are the 
same as on the sale of imseated lands. (5) 

In Schuylkill county, one per cent, for all moneys received for use of 
the county, and one fourth of one per cent, for all moneys paid out by 
him as treasurer of the county, in full compensation for his services, 
except legal fees allowed for sale of unseated lands for taxes, (r) 

In Union county, he is allowed for his services in collecting State 
and county taxes, $2 00 per day for each day he sits at places apijointed 
to receive taxes, and for every day necessarily spent in going to and re- 
turning from the same. (6) 

In Venaugo county, four per cent, on the amount accounted for and 
paid over to the State, (f) 

In Washington county, he is allowed to retain out of the county tax 
such amount as is fixed by the county commissioners at the commence- 
ment of his term of office, (tt) and five per cent, on the whole amount 
of State tax received and paid over by him, (u) and he is also allowed 
to add ten per cent, to the amount of State and county taxes remaining 
mipaid on the first day of September of each year, which is to be his 

(a) Act of 1872, § 1, 1'. L. p. 179. (I) Act of 1867, § 10, P. L. p. 1324. 

(b) Act of 1872, § 14, P. L. p. 956. (m) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 634. 
((-•) Act of 1857, § 1, P. L. p. 53. (?i) Act of 18G8, § 12, P. L. p. MA. 

(d) Act of 1852, § 12, P. L. p. 267, and act (o) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 226. 

of 1868, § 3, P. L. p. 480. (p) Act of 1876, § 12, P. L. p. 16. 

(e) Act of 1860, P. L. p. 711. (g) Act of 1871, ij 4, P. L. p. 413. 
(/) Act of ia52, P. Ij. p. 197. (r) Act of 1844, § 2, P. L. p. 411. 
(fir) Act of 18G7, P. L. p. 485. (S) Act of 1872, § 3, P. L. p. 1035. 
(ID Act of 1866, P. L. p. 711. (t) Act of 1851, § 9, P. L. p. 319. 
(I) Act of 1872, P. L. p. 571. (M) Act of 1855, § 2, P. L. p. 528. 

d U) Act of 1866, P. L. p. 839. (D) Act of 1856, § 1, P. L. p. 14. 

(ft) Act of 1853, § 1, P. L. D. 5. 



180 people's manual. 

compensation for collecting the same ; but when a levy and sale be- 
come necessary ; then he is entitled to the same fees, in addition, as are 
allowed by law to constables. (a) 

In York county, he is allowed for each license granted to a huckster, 
under the act of May 18, 1866, |2.(6) 

Prothonotaries of Courts of Common Pleas. 

Section 7. The fees to be received by the several prothonotaries of 
the courts of common p] eas, except in counties having more than one hun- 
dred and fifty thousand inhabitants or less than ten'thousand, are as fol- 
lows, to wit : 

Every writ of summons, capias or certiorari, and docketing the same, 
including stationery, filing papers, entering return and services, at first 
court, $1 25. 

Every alias summons or capias, 50 cents. 
• Every other writ, and filing papers, stationery and services, at first 
court, %1 50. 

'EiVerj alias scire facias, 50 cents. 

Every subsequent court, where cause is put down for trial, including 
issue list, 20 cents. 

All services during trial of cause, including swearing of jury, witnesses, 
and constables, 75 cents. 

Taking a recognizance, 15 cents. 

Entering motions and filing reasons in arrest of judgment or for a new 
trial, 20 cents. 

Entering satisfaction of judgment or discontinuance of suit, 15 cents. 

Issuing subpoena and seal, 25 cents. 

Issuing attachment and motion therefor, 40 cents. 

Copy of paper or record filed, for every ten words or part thereof, 1 
cent. 

Certificate and seal, 25 cents. 

Drawing special jury, striking the same, and copies for parties, 50 cents. 

Every search, where no other service is performed to which any feels 
attached, 15 cents. 

Fi.fa. or ca. sa., and entering return; 50 cents. 

Venditioni exponas, levari facias, or other writ in nature of an execu- 
tion and entering return, 75 cents. 

Entering judgment on bond, on warrant of attorney, upon confession 
by defendant, on motion in open court, for want of an appearance, plea, 
or affidavit of defense, on verdict of jury, from transcripts of justices of 
the peace, and amounts or balances due from collectors, including judg- 
ment docket entry and statement to plaintiff, 75 cents. 

Entering amicable action, filing papers, stationery, and services at first 
court, $1. 

Taxing bill of costs other than prothonotary's, 20 cents. 

Re-taxing bill of costs and report thereon, 40 cents. 

Taxing testimony in same, for every ten words, 1 cent. 

Making return to writ of error, 75 cents. 

Entering proceedings of Supreme Court, 40 cents. 

Entering appeal from justice of the peace, including stationery, filing 
papers and services at first court, 50 cents. 

Citation, and seal and motion therefor, 40 cents. 

Suggesting death of a party, diminution of record or substituting a 
party, each 10 cents. 

Administering oath other than on trial of cause, 5 cents. 

Amending record on motion, 15 cents. 

Entering appointment of guardian ad litem, 15 cents. 

General certificate of jurors or constable's pay, 50 cents, to be paid by 
the count5^ 

Filing petition and all papers relating to application of insolvent 
debtors, recording order, et cetera, 75 cents. 

(a) Act of 1861, § 3, P. L. p. 447. (6) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 1097. 



SALARIES AND FEES OF OPFICEKS. 181 

Subpoena in divorce or alias subpoena, 75 cents. 

All other proceedings in divorce, except subpoenas for witnesses or com- 
mission to take testiuionj', 52. 

Reading and lilingbilfto perpetuate testimony, order of court thereon, 
and recording the same, §L 10. 

Commission to take testimony and return, 90 cents. 

Certified cop3^ of rale to take'depositions, 25 cents. 

Certified copj^ uf any other rule, 25 cents. 

All proceedings on application to enforce contract, 75 cents. 

All proceedings on petition of administrator to make deed, 75 cents. 

All proceedings on petition lor sheriff to make deeds for land sold by 
former sheriff, 50 cents. 

Entering acknowledgment of sheriff's or treasurer's deed, including 
certificate of the same, 75 cents. 

All jDroceedings in acknowledging a deed barring estates tail, 75 cents. 

Filing all election returns, at each general election, $1. 

Filmg and entering county auditor's reports, each case, 30 cents, to be 
paid hy the county. 

Filing any paper not relating to any suit pending, not hereinbefore 
provided for, 15 cents. 

Every docket entry not relating to any suit pending or judgment en- 
tered, for which no provision is made in this fee bill, and filing papers 
in same, 75 cents. 

Entering rule of reference and copy under seal, 50 cents. 

Appomtment of arbitrators and docketing the same, including proof 
of service of rule, 50 cents. 

Each copy of rule or notice to arbitrators, 20 cents. 

Filing and entering report of arbitrators, including judgment docket 
entry, 50 cents. 

Receiving and entering appeal from award of arbitrators, taking recog- 
nizance and affidavit, receiving and paying costs, 50 cents. 

Filing ijetitions in lunacy or habitual drunkard cases, and entering 
order of court thereon, 50 cents. 

Issuing commission and entering return, 75 cents. 

Writ of sheriff', 50 cents. 

Entering contu-matiou of inquisition and appointment of committee, 
75 cents. 

Taking and tiling bond of committee, 40 cents. 

All services on sale of lunatic's estate or habitual drunkard, including 
filing of committee's accounts, §2. 

Transmitting to Secretary of the Commonwealth copies of election re- 
tui-ns, for each person returned, to be paid by the cormty, 25 cents. 

Writ ot habeas corjnis x^roceedings, 75 cents. 

Application for maintenance or alimony. $1. 

Filing and entering mechanic's lien, 75 cents. 

Entering scire facias to continue lien on judgment docket, 20 cents. 

Entering ejectment suit on ejectment index, 20 cents. 

Entering testatum fi. fa., ca. sa. or vend, exponas, 50 cents. 

Furnishing list of liens, except certificate and seal, each judgment, 10 
cents. 

Receiving and distributing money paid into court, for each dollar un- 
der five hundred, 1 cent. • 

For each dollar exceeding five hundred, \ cent. 

The fees for services not specially provided for are the sanae as for sim- 
ilar services. All fees for services of prothonotaries to be considered due 
and payable in advance, (a) 

Section 8. Their fees, in counties containing less than ten thousand 
inhabitants, are as follows, viz : 

Every writ of summons, capias, certiorari, and docketing the same, 
including stationerj^, filing papers, entering return, and services at first 
court, $1 50. 



(a) Act of 1878, § 3, P. L. p, 189. 



182 people's manual.. 

Every alias summons or capias, 60 cents. 

Eveiy otlier writ, and filing papers, stationery, and services at first 
court, $il 75. 

Eveiy alias scire facias, 90 cents. 

Every subsequent court, wliere cause is put down for trial, including 
issue list, 25<;Cents. 

All services during trial of cause, including swearing jury, witnesses, 
and constable, $1. 

Taking a recognizance, 25 cents. 

Entering motions and filing reasons in arrest of judgment or for a new 
trial, 25 cents. 

Entering satisfaction of judgment or discontinuance of suit, 20 cents. 

Issuing subpoena under seal, with two names, 30 cents. 

Every name after the first, 3 cents. 

Issuing attachment, and motion therefor, 50 cents. 

Copy of record or paper filed, for every ten words, 2 cents. 

Certificate and seal, 30 cents. 

Drawng special jury, striliing same, and copies for parties, 75 cents. 

Every search, where no other service is performed, to which there is 
any fee attached, 15 cents. 

JPi. fa. or ca. sa., and entering return, 60 cents. 

Venditioni exponas, levari facias., or other writ in the nature of an 
execution, and entering return, 90 cents. 

Entering judgment on bond or warrant of attorney, or upon confes- 
sion by defendant, or on motion in open court, or for want of appear- 
ance, plea, or an affidavit of defense, and on verdict of jury, including 
judgment docliet entr3r, and statement to plaintifi; 75 cents. 

Entering amicable action, filing papers, stationery, and sei'vices at first 
court, $1 25. 

Taxing bill of costs, other than prothonotary's, 25 cents. 

Re-taxing bUi of costs, and report thereon, 50 cents. 

Taking testimony in same, for every ten words, 2 cents. 

Making return to writ of error, $1. 

Entering proceedings of Supreme Court, 50 cents. 

Entering transcript of judgment from justices of the peace, including 
judgment doclcet entry, 50 cents 

Entering appeal from justice, including stationery, filing papers, and 
services at first court, $1 25, 

Citation and seal, and motion therefor, 50 cents. 

Suggesting death of a party, or diminution of record, or substituting 
a party, each 15 cents. 

Administering oath, other than on trial of a cause, 10 cents. 

Amending record on motion, et cetera, 20 cents. 

Entering ai^pointment of guardian, ad litem, 20 cents. 

General certificate for jurors' and constables' pay, to be j^aid by the 
county, 75 cents. 

Filing petition, and all papers relating to application of insolvent debt- 
ors, recording order, et cetera, $1. 

Subpoena in divorce, or alias subpoena, $1. 

All other proceedings in divorce, except subpoenas for witnesses, or 
commission to take testimony, f2 50. 

Reading and filing bill to perpetuate testimony, order of court there- 
on, and recording same, $1 35. 

Commission to take testimony and entering return, $1. 

Certified copy of rule to take"^ depositions, 30 cents. 

Certified copj^ of any other rule, 30 cents. 

All proceedings on application to enforce contract, $1. 

All proceedings on laetition of administrators to make deed, $1. 

All proceedings on petition for sherifl' to make deed for land sold by 
former sheriff, il. 

Entering acknowledgment of sheriflf's or treasurer's deed, including 
certificate of same, $1. 



SALABIBS AND PEES OF OFPICEES. 183 

All proceediim'S in acknowledging a deed barring estate tail, SI. 

Filing all election returns at each general election, to be paid by the 
county^^l. 

Filitigand docketing balances due froiu collectors, including judgment 
docketentry, each case. 25 cents. 

Filing and entering county auditor's report, each case, to be paid by 
the county, 50 cents. 

Notilyiiig county commissic^ers, auditors, or du-ectors of the jDOor of 
their elections, and time of meeting, to be paid by the county, each 15 
cents. 

Filing any paper not relating to any suit pending, and. not hereinbe- 
fore provided for, 25 cents. 

Every docket entry not relating to any suit pending, or judgment en- 
tered, and for which" no provision is made in this iee bill, filing papers 
in same, 75 cents. 

Entering rule of reference, and copy, under seal, 60 cents. 

Appointment of arbitrators, and docketing the same, including j)roof 
of service of rule, 50 cents. 

Each copy of rule, or notice to arbitrators, 25 cents. 

Filing and entering report of arbitrators, including judgment docket 
entrj^, 50 cents. 

Receiving and entering api^eal from award of arbitrators, taking re- 
cognizance and affidavit, receiving and paying costs, 75 cents. 

Filing petition in lunacy, or habitual drunkard, and entering order 
of court thereon, §1. 

Issuing commission and entering return, $1. 

Writ to sheriff, 75 cents. 

Entering confirmation of inquisition, and appointment of committee, 
II. 

Taking and filing bond of committee, 50 cents. 

All services on sale of lunatics' estate, or habitual drunkard, includ- 
ing the filing of conunittee's account, §2. 

Filing each suljsequent annual account thereafter, 50 cents. 

Transmitting to Secretary of the Commonwealth copies of election re- 
turns, for each person returned, to be paid by the county, 25 cents. 

Writ of habeas corpus and proceedings thereon, $1. 

Application for maintenance or alimony, ^1, 

Filing and entering mechanic's lien, $L 

Entering scire facials to continue lien on judgment docket, 25 cents. 

Entering ejectment suit on ejectment index, 25 cents. 

Entering testatum, fi. fa., ca. sa., or vendiiioni exjjonas, $1. 

Furnishing list of liens, except certificate and seal, each judgment, 10 
cents. 

Receiving and distributing money paid into court, for each dollar 
under five hundred, 2 cents. For each dollar exceeding five hundred, 
1 cent. 

The fees for services not specially provided, is the same as for similar 
services, (a) 

Section 9. In Alleghenj^ county, the prothonotary receives an annual 
salary of $6,000, payable monthly, out of the county treasury, and the 
fees received by him belong to the county. (6; The fees to be received 
by him, for the use of the county, are as follows : 

On each suit or proceeding settled, discontinued, or satisfied, at or be 
fore issue or judgment by default, including all argument list services 
that may be thereon, with satisfaction thereof, $-2. 

On each case tried by jury and determined by judgment, including 
satisfaction, §3. 

On each case removed by writ of error to Supreme Court, including 
return on additional, $1. 

(a) Act of 1868, § 3, P. L. p. 5. (&) Act of 1876, § 13, 5, 6, and 1, P. L. p. 

16, 14, 15, and 13. 



184 iPEOPLE's MANUAL. 

On each writ of fieri facias, testatum fieri facias, or capias ad satis- 
faciendum, 60 cents. 

On each writ of hah eri facias possessionem, levari facias, venditioni 
exponas, 75 cents. 

For entermg satisfaction of any judgment or decree not hereinbefore 
provided for, 50 cents. 

On eacli proceeding for divorce, charters of incorporation, benefits of 
insolvent laws, and against lunatics and habitual drunkards, for all ser- 
vices thereon, !g2 50. 

Taking recognizance in bail, for stay, capias, case, and for dissolving 
attachments, which includes filing of bonds, $1. 

Issuing subpoena, under seal, 25 cents. 

Issuing attachments for jurors or witnesses, under seal, each writ, 
certificate of any kind, with seal of one court, 50 cents. 

Certificate requiring seal of both courts, every seal, where whole cer- 
tificate is not required, 25 cents. 

Copying or engraving any record, for each page of legal cap, 30 cents- 
Entering acknowledgments for sJieriff 's deeds, including certificates, 
%l. 

Furnishing list of liens, above certificate, for each judgment, 20 
cents, (a) 

And all fees not provided for are to be taxed as ascertained and ap- 
pointed in the act of 1868, P. L. p. 3.(6)* 

Section 10. In the city and county of Piiiladelphia, the prothonotary 
receives an annual salary of $10,000, payable monthly, out of the city 
treasury, and the fees to be received by him belong to the city.(c) 

Sheriffs. 

Section 11. The fees to be received by sheriffs, except in counties 
having more than one hundred and fifty thousand and less than ten 
thousand inhabitants are as follows : 

For serving capias, with commitment or bail bond and return, f 1. 

Each defendant besides the first, 40 cents. 

Assigning bail bond, 10 cents. 

Serving summons or certiorari, summons in partition of landlord 
against tenant, scirefacias, rej^levin or foreigh attachment, 75 cents. 

Each defendant besides the first, 25 cents, 

For copy of summons or replevin, 25 cents. 

For cop.y of scirefacias or foreign attachment, 25 cents. 

For taking and filing replevin or attachment bond, or other indemni- 
fication, to be furnished by the sheriff, 35 cents. 

Traveling expenses on each writ, for each mile necessarily traveled, 
(ixdleage to be charged only on one writ Avhere there are two "or more in 
sherifi''s hands at the same time in favor of same plaintiff and against 
same defendant.) 4 cents. 

Delivering lands to creditor, his agent or attorney, (no commission in 
such case to'be taken,) $2. 

Receiving and paying money to plaintiff or his attorney, recovered 
upon any process, decree, or order of court, for every dollar not exceed- 
ing five hundred, in addition to fee for executing writ, 1 cent, and for 
every dollar exceeding five hundred, i cent : Provided, That his com- 
mission in no case shall exceed the surn of one hundred dollars. 

The same commission to be allowed where money is paid to plaintiff 
or sheriff with or without sale ; if paid without sale, no commission shall 
be allowed on more than is i3aid over to creditor. 

Advertising goods for sale, (advertising fee to be allowed on only one 
writ in case there are two or more writs in sheriff's hands at same time 
against same defendant,) §2 25. 

* Fees fixed by tliis act are the same as those to he received hy prothonotaries in 
counties containing less tlian ten tliousand inliabitauts.— See ante. 
(a) Act of 1871, § 14, P. L. p. 480. (c) Act of 1876, § 12, 5, 6, and 1, P. L, p. 

(6) Act of 1872, § 5, P. L. p. 210. 16, 14, 15, and 13. 



SAIiABIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 185 

Advertising lands for sale, in addition to printer's bill, (advertising 
fee to be limited as in case of personal property,) $2 25. 

Vendue crier, for each sale, 75 cents. 

Summoning jury, taldng inquisition and return, $3. 

When the sh'erili" shall have more than one writ of execution against 
the same defendant, returnable to the same term, lie shall be allowed 
costs for only one inquisition, but it shall be his duty to lay said writ 
before the jury, and enter the finding thereon and make return thereof, 
for which he shall be entitled, on each writ, 50 cents. 

Executing writs aud orders of partition or valuation, swearing jury 
and return," for each daj^ ?2 50. 

Deed for sale of land, including fee to the prothonotary for acknowl- 
edgment, to be paid by the purchiiser, $2 50. 

Executing habere facias, retorno habenclo, levari facias, fieri facias, 
venditioni exponas, or liberari facias, each, 75 cents. 

Return of oton est inventus, tarde venit, or nulla bona, 20 cents. 

Serving subpoena, each service, 10 cents. 

Subpoena in divorce, $1. 

Proclamation in divorce, in addition to printer's bill, |1 50. 

Serving process on indictment, $1. 

Fee on indictment in everj^ capital case, $2 50. 

Fee on everj^ other criminal case, $1. 

Levying fines, per dollar, 3 cents. 

Fee for discharging prisoner in civil case, 25 cents. 

Fee on commitment for any criminal matter, 40 cents. 

Serving attachment against witness or for contempt, 75 cents. 

Serving citation and return, 50 cents. 

Executing bail piece, 75 cents. 

Executing deatia warrant, $15. 

Advertising general or special election, in addition to printer's bill, to 
be paid by the county, 75 cents. 

Where no paper is printed in county, $5. 

In special election, serving notice on judge of each election district, 
75 cents. 

For each juror summoned to attend at coui-t and return of venire, to 
be paid by the county, without mileasve, 25 cents. 

Appraisement and return of property retained by debtor under the 
provisions of the act of April 9, 1849, §2. 

Removing insane person to any lunatic hospital, for each day spent, 
in addition to expenses actually incui'red, and no mileage to be charged, 
U- 

Removing convict to penitentiary or house of refuge, for each day 
spent in addition to expenses actuall}^ incurred, and no mileage to be 
iillowed, %i. 

Serving any rule, process, decree, or order of coui't, not hereinbefore 
specially provided for, in addition to mileage, 75 cents. 

For services not herein provided for, the same fees as for similar ser- 
vices. 

It shall be the duty of the sheriff to itemize his bill of cost on each 
and every writ or paper that he is entitled to cost, on or before return- 
ing the same. (a) 

iSec'jion 12. In counties containing less than ten thousand inhabitants, 
the fees to be received by sheriffs are as follows : 

Serving capias, with commitment or baO. bond, and return, %\ 25 ; each 
defendant, besides the first, 50 cents. 

Assigning bail bonds, 25 cents. 

Serving summons or certiorari summons in partition of landlord 
against tenant, scire facias, replevin, or foreign attachment, %1; each 
defendant, bes^ides the first, 50 cents. * 

Copy of summons, 25 cents. 

(a) Act of 1878, § 1, P. L. p. 187. 



186 people's MANtTAL. 

Copy of scire facias, replevin, or foreign attachment, 40 cents. 

Taking and llling replevin or attachment bond, or other indemnifica- 
tion to be furnished by the sheiiff, 50 cents. 

Traveling expenses on each writ, for each mile traveled, 6 cents. 

Delivering lands to creditor or his agent or attorney, and no commis- 
sion in such case to bo taken, ^2 40. 

Receiving and pajdng money to plaintiff or his attorney, recovered 
upon any process, decree, or order of court, for every dollar not exceed- 
ing five hundred, in addition to fee for executing writ, 2 cents. 

For every dollar above five hundred, one half cent. 

Same commission to be allowed where money is paid, with or without 
sale ; if paid without sale, no commission shall be allowed for more than 
is paid over to creditor. 

Advertising goods for sale, each case, $2 75. 

Advertising lands for sale, each case, in addition to printer's bill, $2 70 ; 
vendue criei-, for each sale, $1. 

Summoning jury, taking inquisition, and return, $4. 

When sheriff shall have moiethan one writ of execution against same 
defendant, returnable to the same term, he shall be allowed costs for 
only inquisition, but it shall be his duty to lay said writs before the jury, 
and enter the finding thereon, and make return thereof, for which he 
shall be entitled, on each writ, 60 cents. 

Executing writs and orders of partition or valuation, swearing jury, 
and return, for each day, |3. 

Deed for sale of land, including fee to prothonotary for acknowledg- 
ment, to be paid by the purchaser, $3. 

Executing habere facias, Q-etorno habendo, levari facias, fleiH facias, 
venditioni exponas, or liberari facias, each, $1. 

Return of 7ion est inventus, tardi venit, or nulla bona, 25 cents. 

Serving subj^oena, each service, 15 cents. 

SubiDoena in divorce, |1 25. 

Making proclamation in divorce, in addition to printer's bill, fl 60. 

Serving process on indictment, $1 25. 

Pee on indictment, in every capital case, $3. 

Fee on every other criminal case, $1 25. 

Lev;^'ing fines, per dollar, 3 cents. 

Fee for discharging prisoners in civil cases, 50 cents. 

Fee on commitment for any criminal matter, 50 cents. 

Serving attachment against witness or for contempt, ?1. 

Serving citation, and return, 75 cents. 

Executing bail piece, $1. 

Executing death Avarrant, $15. 

Advertising general or sxoecial election, in addition to printer's bUl, to 
be paid by the county, |1. 

Where no paper is printed in the county, $5. 

In special election, serving notice on judge of each election district, 75 
cents. 

For each juror summoned to attend at court, and return of venire, to 
be paid by the county, without mileage, 30 cents. 

Appraisement and return of property retained by a debtor, under the 
provisions of the act of April 9, 1849, $2 50. 

Removing insane person to any lunatic hospital, for each day spent, 
in addition to expenses actually incurred, $4. 

Removing convict to penitentiary or house of refuge, for each day, in 
addition to all expenses, $4. 

Serving any rule, process, decree, or order of court, not hereinbefore 
specially provided for, in addition to mileage, and to be recovered as 
other fees, from the party for whom the services Avere performed, or 
against whom the judgment, decree, or order is made, $1. 

For service not herein provided for, the same fees as for similar serv- 
lces.(a) 

(a) Act of 1868, § 2, P. Xi, p. 3. 



SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 187 

Sheriff's fees for executing process out of tlie orphans' court are the 
same as those allowed for like services, and for executing a wit of 
sequestration, the same fees are allowed as upnn a writ of foreign attach- 
ment, together with reasonable costs and expenses, according to the dis- 
cretion ot the court : on all writs and process sent from another county, 
no mileage is to be allowed, except for distance actually traveled, but 
an allowance is to be made for the transmission of such writs and process 
to the clerk of the court from which they may have issued, at the com- 
mon rates of postage, (a) 

Section VS. In Allegheny county, the sheriff receives an annual salary 
of six thousand live liundred dollars, payable monthly out of the county 
treosurj', and the fees received by him belong to the county. (&) 

The fees to be received bj^ h'm for use of the countj-, are as follows : 

The fees to be received by the sheriff of the said county, shall be as 
follows : 

For serving each summons, capias, scire facias, replevin, foreign, or 
execution attachment, subpoena in divorce, summons in partition, cita- 
tion or rule, or for executing any bail piece, landlord against tenant, 
process, or Oider of court, attachment against witness or for contempt, 
in addition to mileage, $1. 

Each defendant, besides the first, 50 cents ; mileage, for each mile 
actuallj'^ traveled, 6 cents. 

Executing fieri facias, testatum fieri facias, haberi levari facias, 
liherari facias, venditioni ex23onas or retiirno habariri, $1. 

Summoning jurors for inquisition, taking inquisition and return, $4, 

Where more than one writ against same defendant before inquisition, 
each §2. 

Executing Avrit and orders of partition or valuation, including serving 
jiu-y and return, each day, besides mileage, $2. 

For return of nulla bona, tarde venit, or Qion est inventus, 40 cents. 

Deed lor sale of lands, to be paid by the purchaser, $2. 

Receiving and paymg money to plaintiff, or his attoimey, recovered 
upon any process, decree, or order of court, by sale or otherwise, for 
everj^ dollar not exceeding five hundred, in addition to fee for execut- 
ing writ, one per cent. ; any sum exceeding five hundred dollars and 
not over one thousand, inclusive of one per cent, on the first five hun- 
dred, ^6. 

Any sum exceeding one thousand and not over five thousand of the 
above, §10. 

Any sum exceeding five thousand, inclusive of the above, $15. 

Fee on every criminal case in quarter sessions court, whether paid by 
the prisoner or coiinty, ^1. 

Fee on every case in oyer and terminer, $2 50. 

Fee on commitment to the county jail, for any criininal matter, 50 
cents. 

Executing death warrant, §15. 

Commission on fines per dollar, 5 cents. 

Removing insane persons to lunatic hospital, or convict to the peni- 
tentiar3', work-house, or house of refuge, including expenses incurred, 
§2 50. 

For services in drawing and summoning a competent number of jurors 
for the several courts, each year, and return of venue, to be paid by the 
county, without mileage, §1,200. 

Advertising general or special election, $2. 

Taking any bail bond, incltiding replevin, attachment bond, or any 
other indemnification to be furnished, $1. 

For selling real estate, under decree or order of any court, for any sum 
not exceeding five hundred dollars, .for each dollar, 1 cent; any sum 
exceeding five hundred and not over one thousand dollars, $6 ; any sura 

(a) Act of 1832, § 60, P. L. p. 213. (6) Act of 1876, § 13, 5, 6, and 1, P. L. p. 

16, 14, 15, and 1^. 



188 people's MANUAt,. 

exceeding one thousand and not over five thousand, $10 ; any sum e:^- 
ceeding ten thousand and not over twenty, $15. (a) 

And'all fees not provided for are to be taxed as ascertained and ap- 
pointed in tlie act of 18G8, P. L. p. 3.(6)* 

Section 14. In the city and county of Pliiladelphia, the sheriff re- 
ceives an annual salary of fifteen thousand dollars, payable monthly out 
of the city treasuiy, and the fees to be received by him belong to the 
city.(c) ■ 

Registers of Wills. 

Section 15. The fees to be received by registers of wills, except in 
counties having more than one hundred and fifty thousand, and less 
than ten tliousand inhabitants, are as follows : 

For probate of will and granting letters testamentary thereon, $1. 

For recording same, for every ten words, 1 cent. 

For letters of administration, 75 cents. 

For bond of administrators, §1 50. 

For filing of renunciation of widow, executor, guardian, or adminis- 
trator, 50 cents. 

For annexing copy of will, for every ten words, 1 cent. 

For issuing citation or attachment with seal, 50 cents. 

For entering caveat, 25 cents. 

For issuing commission to talce testimony of witness, 50 cents. 

For issuing precept for an issue, 40 cents 

For issuing a subpoena, 30 cents. 

For administering oath or alSmiation, 10 cents. 

For filing list of articles appraised and for list of articles sold, each 
list, 25 cents. 

For examining, passing, and filing accounts of guardians, executors, 
or administrators, |2 50. 

For advertising executor's, administrator's, or guardians account, $2. 

For every copy of said accounts, if demanded, not exceeding seventy- 
five items, witli certificate and seal, $1. 

For every additional item, 1 cent. 

For entering exceptions to administrators' or executors' bonds and 
hearing the same, 50 cents. 

For every search where no other service is performed to which a fee 
is attached, 15 cents. 

For certificate and seal, 25 cents. 

For copy of any bond filed, 50 cents. 

For commission on taxes received for the use of the Commonwealth 
on ijroceedings in his office, for every dollar, 3 cents : Provided, That 
in all cases where the estate of the decedent shall not exceed two hun- 
dred and fifty dollars, the register shall receive in lieu of all the fees for 
otficial services hereinbefore" specified, to be peribrmed after the grant- 
ing letters, the sum of |2 ; the register to demand and receive for the 
use of the Commonwealth on every probate of a will and letters testa- 
mentary thereon, 50 cents. 

On every letter of administration, 50 cents. 

Same fee for services not herein specially provided for as for similar 
services, (d) 

In counties containing less than ten thousand inhabitants their fees 
are as follows : 

For probate of wills and granting letters testamentary thereon, $1 25. 

For recording same, for every eight words, 1 cent. 

For letters of administration, §1. 

For bonds of administrators, ?1 75. 

* Fees fixed by tbls act, are tlie same as the fees to be received by sheriflfs in counties 
containing less tban ten thousand inhabitants.— See ante. 
(a) Act of 1871, § 14, P. L. p. 480. (c) Act of 1876. § 12, 5, 6, and 1, P. L. p. 

(6) Act of 1872, § 5, P. L. p. 210. 16, 14, 15, and 13. 

4 (rf) Act of 1878, § 8, P. L. p. 193. 



SAIiAEIES AND FEES OF OFFICEKS. 189 

For filing of renunciation of widow, executor, guardian, or adminis- 
trators, 50 cents. 

For annexing a copj' of will, for every eight words, 1 cent. 

For issuing citation^ or attaciinient with seal, 60 cents. 

For entering caveat, 25 cents. 

For issuing'comniission to take testimonj' of witnesses, 75 cents. 

For issuing precept for an issue, 50 cents. 

For issuing subpoena, 40 cents. 

For administering oatli or afRrmation, 10 cents. 

For filing lists of'articles ajipraised, and lists of articles sold, each 25 
cents. 

For examining, passing, and filing accounts of guardians, executors or 
administrators, |o. 

Foradvertisingexecutor's, administrator's, or guardian's account, f 2 50. 

For every copy of said accounts, if demanded, not exceeding seventy- 
five items, §1 '25. 

For every additional item, 1 cent. 

For entering exceptions to administrator's or executor's bonds and 
hearing the same, 75 cents. 

For holding register's court, per day, $2 50. 

For each search, when no other service is performed, 15 cents. 

For certificate and seal, 45 cents. 

For copy of any bond filed, 50 cents. 

For commission on taxes received for the use of the Commonwealth in 
proceedings in office, on every dollar, 3 cents. 

Provided, That in all cases where the value of the estate of the deced- 
ent shall not exceed two hundred and fifty dollars, the register shall 
receive, in lieu of all the fees for official services hereinbefore specified, 
to be performed after the granting letters, the sum of $2 50. 

Register to demand and co receive, for the use of the Commonwealth, 
on every probate of a will, and letters testamentary thereon, 50 cents. 

On every letter of administration granted, 50 cents. 

Same fee for services not herein specially provided for, the same as 
for similar services, (a) 

Section 16. In the county of Allegheny and the city and county of 
Philadelphia, where separate orphans' courts exist, the register of wills 
receives, in the former county, an annual salary of f3,500, and in the 
latter an annual salary of ^10,000, payable monthly, out of the county 
treasury, and the fees to be collected by the register belong to the 
county ; (6) and the bill of costs to be chargeable to parties and estates, 
for the probate of Avills and testaments, and granting letters testament- 
ary and administration, and for all services of the register of wills in 
the transaction of tlie business of his office, is established by such separ- 
ate orphans' courts, (c) 

Recorders of Deeds. 

Section 17. The fees to be received by recorders of deeds, except in 
counties having more than one hundred a"nd fifty thousand and less than 
ten thousand inhabitants, are as follows : 

For recording and exemiilifying deeds and other writings, for every 
ten words, 1 cent. 

Certificate and seal, 40 cents. 

Every search, where no other service is performed for which fees are 
allowed, 15 cents. 

Entering satisfaction, 25 cents. 

Certificates, 25 cents. 

Taking acknowledgment of deeds or other writing, each person, 25 
cents. 

All fees for services of the recorder of deeds, under this act, shall be 
considered due and payable in advance : Provided, That but one fee for 

(a) Act on868, § 7, P. L. p. 10. (c) Act of 1S77, 5 1, P. L. p, 37. 

(6) Act of 1876, § 12, 13, 5, e, and 1, P. L. p. 16, 14, 15, and 13. 



190 people's manual. 

certificate and seal shall be charged where the certificate is that of a 
search embracing the names of tAvo or more parties, (a) 

Section 18. In counties containing less than ten thousand inhabi- 
tants, their fees are as follows : 

For recording and exemplifying deeds and other writings, for every 
eight words, 1 cent. 

Certificate and seal, 50 cents. "' 

Every search, when no other is performed for which fees are allowed, 
20 cents. 

Entering satisfaction, 30 cents. 

Certificates, 30 cents. 

Taking acknowledgment of a deed or other writing, each person, 25 
cents. 

All fees for services to be performed to be considered due and paya- 
ble to the officer in advance, by the party requiring the service. (6) 

Section 19. In Allegheny county, the recorder of deeds receives an 
annual salary of $5,000, paj^able monthly, out of the coviiity treasury, 
and the fees to be received by him belong to the county, (c) 

The fees to be received by the recorder of deeds, for the use of the 
county, are as follows, viz : 

For services for recording mortgages, including State tax, $2. 

For recording charters, including State tax, |2. 

Recording any deed, including State tax, $1 75. 

Recording power of attorney, $1. 

Recording any other paper, '|1. 

Certificate and seal, 50 cents. 

Entering satisfaction, 50 cents. 

Taking acknowledgments, each person, 25 cents. 

Every search, where no certificate is required, 50 cents. 

List of mortgages, in addition to certificate and seal, for each mortgage, 
25 cents, (d) 

And all fees not provided for are to be taxed as ascertained aud ap- 
pointed in the act of 186S, P. L. p. 3.(e)* 

Section 20. In the city and county of Philadelphia, the recorder of 
deeds receives an annual salary of 112,000, payable monthly, out of the 
city treasury, and the fees to be received by him belong to the city.(/) 

Clerks of Orphans' Courts. 

Section 21. The fees to be received by clerks of the orphans' courts, 
except in counties having more than one hundred and fifty thousand, 
and less than ten thousand inhabitants, are as follows : 

For filing and entering petitition for appointment of guardian, and 
issuing certificate of appointment, 75 cents. 

Filing and entering list of joroperty selected and retained by widow, 
under act of Assembles 40 cents. 

Entering judgment, order, or rule of court, 20 cents. 

Confirmation of accounts of executors, administrators, or guardians, |1. 

Filing i^etition for pension, order, copy, and seal, 40 cents. 

All proceedings on inquisition on real estate, including petition, order, 
return, confirmation, rule, and recording, $2 25. 

Taking and docketing recognizances, 25 cents. 

All proceedings for sale of real estate, $3. 

Filing and entering bond, 20 cents. 

Entering motion, and rule of court thereon, 20 cents. 

Issuing subpoena and seal, 25 cents. 

Each name after first, 2 cents. 

* Fees fixed by this act are the same as the fees to be received by recorders of deeds 
in counties containing less tlian ten thousand inliabitants.— See ante, 
(a) Act of 1878, § 4, P. L. p. 191. (d) Act of 1S71, § 4, P. L. p. 482. 

(6) Act of 1868, § 8, P. L. p. 10. (e) Act of 1S72, § 5, P. L. p. 210. 

(c) Act of 1876, § 13, 5, 6, aud 1, P. h. p. (f) Act of 1876, § 12, 5, 6, and 1, P. L,. p. 
16, 14, 15, and 13. 16, 14, 15, and 13. 



SALARIES AND FEES OF OPPIOEKS. 191 

Issuing citation with seal, and recording or filing petition therefor, 40 
cents. 

Issuing attachments with seal, and recording or entering petition 
therefor, 40 cents. 

Copy of record or any paper filed, or any part thereof, for every ten 
words, 1 cent. 

Every search, where no other service is performed to which fee is at- 
tached, 15 cents. 

Filing any paper not specially provided for, 10 cents. 

Recording a draft, 20 cents. 

Making out order under seal to auditors appointed to apportion intes- 
tates' property among creditors, and to auditors appointed to settle and 
adjust accounts of administrators, executors, or guardians, 75 cents. 

Filing auditor's report, and entering approval of court thereon, 15 cents. 

Goi^y of said report for eitiier party, each item, 1 cent. 

Accounts of administrators, executors, guardians, and auditors' re- 
ports, for every ten words or every twenty figures, 1 cent. 

Certificate and seal, 25 cents. 

Same fee for services not herein specially provided for as for similar 
services, (a) 

Section 22. In counties containing less than ten thousand inhabitants, 
their fees are as follows : 

For tiling and entering petition for appomtment of guardian, and is- 
suing appointment, $1. 

Filing and enrering list of property selected and retained by widow, 
under act of Assembly, 50 cents. 

Entering judgment, order, or rule of court, 25 cents. 

Confirination of accounts of executors, administrators, or guardians, 
U 25 

Filing petition for pension, order, copy, and seal, 45 cents. 

All proceeding on inquisition on real estate, including petition, order, 
return, confirmation, riile, and recording, $2 75. 

Taking and docketing recognizances. 40 cents. 

All proceedings for sale of real estate, $3 50. 

Filing and entering bond, 30 cents. 

Entering motion, and rule of covirt thereon, 25 cents. 

Issuing subpoena and seal, 30 cents. 

Each name after the first on such subpoena, 2 cents. 

Issuing citation with seal, and recording or filing petition therefor, 50 
cents. 

Issuing attachments with seal, and recording or entering petition there- 
for, 50 cents. 

Copy of record or any paper tiled, or any part thereof, for every eight 
words, 1 cent. 

Every search, when no other service is performed, 15 cents. 

Filing any j^aper not especially provided for, 15 cents. 

Eecording a draft, 25 cents. 

Making out order under seal to auditors appointed to apportion in- 
testates' property among creditors, and to auditors appointed to settle 
and adjust accounts of adnnnistrators, executors, oi- guardians. 75 cents. 

Filing auditor's report, and entering approval of court thereon, 20 cents. 

Copy of said report for either party, each item, 1 cent. 

Accounts of administrators, executors, or guardians, and auditors' re- 
port, for every eight Avords or every sixteen figures, 1 cent. 

Certificate and seal, 30 cents. 

Same fee for services not herein specially provided for as for similar 
services. (6) 

Section 23. In Allegheny county, the register of wills is by virtue of 
his office, clerk of the orphans' court, (c) and is paid by salary, from 

(a) Act of 1878, S 7, P. L. p. 193. (c) Constitution, Art. 5, § 22; act of 1874, 

(&) Act of 1868, § 6, P. L. p. 9. § 5, P. L. p. 207. 



192 people's manual. 

the county treasury, and the fees to be received by him belong to the 
county.* 

The fees to be collected by the register of wills of Allegheny county as 
clerk of the orphans' court of said county, for use of said county, are as 
follows : 

For entering accounts of executors, administrators, guardians, and 
trustees, $1 25. 

For each confirmation of reports of auditors, 25 cents. 

For taking affidavits under seal, 50 cents. 

For issuing certificates to auditors, guardians, and trustees, 75 cents. 

For filing and entering petition for the appointment of a guardian, $1. 

For each name after first, 25 cents. 

For certifying under seal for pensions, 25. 

For filing and entering iDefcition for inquest to make partition of deced- 
ents' estate, issuing writ to slieriff, filing and entering return thereof, 
filing and entering decree awarding purjaarts, filing and entering pro- 
ceedings for sale of real estate and return thereof, filing and entering 
reports of auditors, et cetera, for the first one hundred words, 50 cents, 
and per one hundred words thereafter, 30 cents. 

For filing and entering confirmation of inquisition, 35 cents. 

For tiling and entering bonds, 30 cents. 

For entering, filing, and issuing rule on heirs in partition under seal, 
75 cents. 

For entering draft, for eacli line or course thereof, 25 cents. 

For taking and entering each recognizance, $1. 

For issuing each order of sale under seal, $2. 

For filing eacli schedule, confirmation of sales, or any paper not herein 
specially provided for, 30 cents. 

For filing and entering petition for citation, and issuing under seal, 
$175. 

For issuing attachment under seal, 75 cents. 

For copy of record of any paper filed, first one hundred words or less, 
50 cents, and every item or eight words thereafter, 1 cent. 

For every search, 25 cents. 

For filing and entering appeals to Supreme Court, $1. 

For writing and attesting receipts, or either, 50 cents. 

For each entrj'- upon argument list, 50 cents. 

For entering satisfaction of recognizance, 50 cents. 

For entering and filing list of property retained by widow of deced- 
ents, $1. 

For receiving and distributing money paid into court, 1 per cent, for 
first five hundred dollars, and | of 1 per cent, per dollar above that 
sum. (a) 

Section 24. In the city and county of Philadelphia, the register of 
wills is, by virtue of his office, clerk of the ori^hans' court, (6) and is 
paid by salary from the city treasury, and the fees to be received by him 
belong to the city.* 

Clerks of Courts of Uuarter Sessions. 

Section 25. The fees to be received by clerks of courts of quarter 
sessions, except in counties having more than one hundred and fifty 
thousand inhabitants, and less than ten thousand inhabitants, areas fol- 
lows : 

Venire for and swearing grand j ury, to be paid by the county, 75 cents. 

Filing and entering, if necessary, all papers relating to one prosecu- 
tion, where true bills are found, including arraignment of defendant, 
entering pleas, and stationery, $1. 

The same services, wliere bill is returned ignoramus, including dis- 
charge by proclamation, 50 cents. 

* See Register of Wills, ante. (6) Constitution, Art.§ 5, 22; act of 1874, § 

(rt) Act of 1872, § 4, r. L, p. 209. 5, P. L. p. 207. 



SAIiARIES AND FEES OF OFFICEKS. 193 

Calling recognizance and entry of forfeiture, 15 cents. 

Taking recognizance in conrt.'eacli person, 20 cents. 

Respiting or discharging forfeited recognizances and motion tlierefor, 
10 cents. 

Every motion and rule, 25 cents. 

Continuance, 10 cents. 

Entering retraction of pleas or nolle prosequi, 20 cents. 

Entering submission and judgment, 50 cents. 

Swearing jury, witnesses, constable, and entering verdict and judg- 
ment. 50 cents. 

All services in cases of surety of the peace, except subpoenas or at- 
tachments, or for taking recognizance, 40 cents. 

Process on indictment, docket entry, and return, 75 cents. 

Copy of rule or order of court, with certificate and seal, 30 cents. 

Filing petition and order thereon, 20 cents. 

Filing petition for view or re-view of road or bridge, and order under 
seal, 75 cents. 

Recording return of viewers and' confirmation, for every ten words, 1 
cent. 

Order to open road, under seal, with draft thereof, ^1. 

Certificate for pay of road or bridge viewers, to be paid bj^the county, 
each case, 20 cents. 

Constable's bond, 20 cents. 

Receiving and entering constable's return, to be paid by county, 15 
cents. 

Filing and recording returns of borough and township elections, for 
each person elected, to be paid by the county, 10 cents. 

Issuing subpoena under seal, 25 cents. 

Each name after first, 2 cents. 

Issuing attachment, entering motion therefor, and return, 40 cents. 

Copy of record, or of any paper filed, for every ten words, 1 cent. 

Certificate and seal. 25 cents. 

Every searcli, w'here no other service is performed to which any fee is 
attached, 15 cents. 

Taxing costs, other than the clerk of the sessions, 20 cents. 

Rc-taxing parties' bills of costs and making report, 40 cents. 

Maliing return to w'rit of error, 75 cents. 

Entering proceedings of Supreme Court, 40 cents. 

Entering appeals Irom justices, 40 cent.=i. 

Certificate for pay of jurors, crier, and constables, to be paid by county, 
75 cents. 

Issuing notices to defaulting jurors, each, 25 cents. 

Issuingys. /a. against defaulting juror% 40 cents. 

Filing^any paper not relating to any suit pending and not hereinbe- 
fore provided for, 15 cents. 

All proceedings in tavern or eating-house licenses, except certificate, 
75 cents. 

All proceedings on }3eddler's licenses, 75 cents. 

Every warrant of seizure and proceeding thereon, §1. 

The lees for sarvices, not herein specially in-ovided for, shall be the 
same as for similar services. (a) 

Section 26. In counties containing less than ten thousand inhabitants, 
their fees are as follows : 

Venire for and SAvearing grand jury, to be paid by the county, 90 cents. 

Filing and entering, if necessary, all papers relating to one prosecu- 
tion where true bills are found, 'including arraignment of defendant, 
entering picas, and stationery, §1 50. 

The same service where bill is returned "ignoramus," including dis- 
chai'ge by ijroclainatiou, 75 cents. 

Calling recognizance, and entry of forfeiture, 20 cents. 

(a) Act of 1878, § 5, P. L. p. 191. 
lo 



194 . people's manual. 

Taking recognizance in court, each person, 25 cents. 

Respiting or discharging forfeited recognizance and motion therefor, 
15 cents. 

Every motion and rule, 25 cents. 

Continuance, 10 cents. 

Entering retraction of pleas, or nolle prosequi, 20 cents. 

Entering submission and judgment, 60 cents. 

Swearing jury, witnesses, constable, and entering verdict and judg- 
ment, 60 cents. 

All services in cases of surety of the peace, except subpoenas, or at- 
tachments, or for taking recognizances, 60 cents. 

Process on indictment, docket entry, and return, 75 cents. 

Copy of rule or order of court, witli certificate and seal, 40 cents. 

Filing petition and order thereon, 20 cents. 

Filing i)etition for a view or re-view of a road or bridge, and order 
under seal, 90 cents. 

Recording retuin of viewers and confirmation, for every eight words, 
1 cent. 

Order to open road, under seal, $1 25. 
' Certificate for pay of road or bridge viewers, to be paid by the county, 
each case, 30 cents. 

Constable's bond, 25 cents. 

Receiving and entering constable's return, to be paid by county, 15 
cents. 

Filing and recording returns of borough and township elections, each 
person elected, to bo paid by the county, 10 cents. 

Issuing subpoena, under seal, 30 cents. 

Each name after the first, 2 cents. 

Issuing attachment, entering motion therefor, and return, 40 cents. 

Copy of record, or of any paper filed, for every eight words, 1 cent. 

Certificate and seal, 30 cents. 

Eveiy search, where no other service is performed to which any fee 
is attached, 15 cents. 

Taxing costs other than the clerk of the session, 25 cents. 

Re-taxing parties' bill of costs, and making report, 60 cents. 

Making return to writ of error, $1. 

Entering proceedings of Supreme Court, 40 cents. 

Entering appeal ii-om j ustices, 40 cents. 

Certificates for pay of jurors, crier, and constable, paid by the county, 
75 cents. 

Issuing notices to defaulting jurors, each 25 cents. 

Issuing /i. /a. against detaulting jurors, 50 cents. 

Filing any paper not relating to any suit pending, and not hereinbe- 
fore provided for, 15 cents. 

All proceedings in tavern or eating-house licenses, except certificate, fl. 

All proceedings on peddlers' license, ^1. 

Every warrant of sei/Au-e and proceedings thereon, $1. 

The fees for services not herein specially provided, shall be the same 
as for similar purposes, (a) 

Section 27. In Allegheny county, the clerk of the courts of quarter 
sessions and oyer and terminer receives an annual salary of four thous- 
and five hundred dollars, payable monthlj^ out of the county treasury, 
and the fees to be received by him belong to the county. (&) 

The fees to be received by him for use of county, are as follows. Viz : 

For all services in any one prosecution in the court of oyer and ter- 
miner, Avhere a true bill is found, including all stationery, swearing j ury, 
entering verdict and judgment thereon, $i. 

For all services relating to one prosecution in court of quarter session, 
where true bills are ibund, including stationery, taking and forfeiting 



(a) Act oflSeS, § 4, P. L. p. 7. (&) Act of 1876, § 13, 5, 6, and 1, P. L. p. 

16, 14, 15, and 13. 



BAIiABIES AND PEES OF OFFICERS. 195 

recognizances, entering motions and rules, swearing j ury, witnesses, en- 
tering verdict and judgment, §3. 

Where bill is returned ir/ no ram us, $1. 

All services in cases of surety of the peace, including subpoenas on the 
part of the Commonwealth, and for taking recagnizmces, §1. 

All services in each case of road or bridge view or re-view, including 
entering return and confirmation thereof. |8. 

For all certificates, with seal of court, 53 cants. 

Receiving and entei-iug constables' returns, to be paid by the county, 
15 cents. 

For all subpoenas not hereinbefore provided for, 25 cents. 

For all attachments, 50 cents. 

Entering appeals from.instices, 50 cents. 

In all applications for licenses, whether granted or refused, including 
stationery, certificate, advertising, and all services thereon, besides the 
fee collectedfor the State and county, to be paid on filing petition, $3. (a) 

And all fees not pro^fided for are to be taxed as ascertained and ap- 
pointed in the act of 1833, P. L. p. 3.* 

Section 28. In the city and county of Philadelphia, the clerk of the 
courts of quarter sessions and oyer and terminer, receives an annual 
salary of ten thousand dollars, payable monthly out of the city treasury, 
and the fees to be received by him belong to the city, (c) 

Note. — Prothonotaries, clerks of tiie several courts, registers of wills, 
and recorders of deeds of all counties having less than oiie hundred and 
fifty thousand population, are required to pay into the State treasury 
fifty per cent, of all fees received by them yearly in excess of two thous- 
and dollars clerk hire and stationery. (In case of recorders of deeds, 
"necessary' clerk hire and ofiice expenses.") 

Sheriffs in all counties of over ten thousand and less than one hun- 
dred and fifty thousand population, are required to pay into the State 
treasury/?//?/ per cent, of all fees re3eived by them yearlJ^ in excess of 
five thousand dollars, clerk hire and stationery. [Act of 1838, § 8, P. L. 
p. 11, and act of 1878, § 13, P. L. p. 195.] 

Sheriiis in counties of less than ten thousand population retain all the 
fees they receive. 

Clerks of Courts of Oyer and Tenuiner. 

Section 29. The fees to be received by clerks of courts of oj^er and 
terminer, except in counties having more than one hundred and fifty 
and less than ten thousand inhabitants, are as follows: 

All services performed in any one prosecution where a bill is found, ex- 
cept for subpoenas, attachment ibr witnesses, or process on indictment, §3. 

When bill is returned •'ignoramus," §1. 

For subpoena, attachment, seal and certificate, and capias, and other 
services not herein provided for, the same fees as are allowed to the clerk 
of quarter sessions. (d) 

In counties containmg less than ten thousand inhabitants, are as fol- 
lows : 

All services performed in any one prosecution, where a bill is found, 
except lor subpoenas, attachment for witnesses, or process on indict- 
ment, $4. 

When bill is returned "ignoramus," ?1 25. 

For sulipoenas, artacliments. seal and certificate, and capias, and other 
services not herein provided for, same fees as are allowed to clerk of 
quarter sessions, (c) 

* Fees fixed by tliis act are the same as the fees to be received by the clerk of the court 
of quarter sessions and oj'er and terminer in counties containing less than ten th0U3< 
and inhabitants. 

(a) Act of 1S71, § 3, P. L. p. 431. (d) Act of 1878, § 6, P. L. p. 193. 

(6) Act of 187:;, §5, P. L. p. 210. (e) Act of 1863, § 5, P. L. p. 9. 

(c) Act of 1876, § 12, 5, 6, and 1, P. L. p. 10, U, 15, and 13. 



196 people's manual. 

Section 30. In the county of Allegheny and the city and county of 
Philadelphia, the office of clerk of tlie court of quarter sessions and oyer 
and terminer is held by one person, and the person holding the same is 
paid by salary, and the fees to be received by him belong to the county. 
See ante. 

District Attorneys. 

General Acts Governing Fees. 

Section 31. District attorneys of the several counties of the Common- 
wealth, except the city and county of Piiiladelphia and county of Alle- 
gheny, are entitled to receive, by general law, the followmg fees: (a) 

Drawing indictment and prosecuting every offense indictable only in 
the oyer and terminer, $10. 

A bill for an offense indictable only in the oyer and terminer, and 
returned " ignoramus," $5. 

Drawing an indictment and prosecuting every offense indictable only 
in the quarter sessions, $r<. 

A bill for an offense indictable only in the quarter sessions, and re- 
turned "ignoramus," $3. 

Case settled with leave of court, $3. 

Every case of surety of the peace, $3. 

Special Acts for Various Counties. 

Section 32. The district attorneys in and for the counties of Adams, 
Bedford, Berks, Blair, Bucks, Butler, Cambria, Carbon, Centre, Clears 
field, Clinton, Crawford, Cumberland, Dauphin, Delaware, Elk, Erie, 
Franklin, Fulton, Huntingdon, Indiana, Jefferson, Lackawanna, Lan- 
caster, Lawrence, Lebanon, Lehigh, Luzerne, Lycoming, McKean, Mer- 
cer, Monroe, Northampton, Pike, Potter, Scliuyiliill, Somerset, Susque- 
hanna, Tioga, Warren, Wayne, Westmoreland, and York, are entitled 
to receive the following fees:(&) 

For drawing an indictment and prosecuting every otfense indictable 
only in tlie oyer and terminer, $12. 

For every such bill returned ignoramus, $6. 

Drawing bill of indictment and prosecuting the same in the quarter 
sessions, wherever the prosecutor or the defendant is sentenced or re- 
quired to pay the costs, or the costs are divided between them, $7. 

Drawing and prosecuting all other indictments in the quarter session, $5. 

For every bill returned ignoramus in the quarter sessions, and the 
prosecutor to pay the costs, |5. 

For every other such bill returned igrwramus, |3. 

A case settled with leave of court, |5. 

Every case of surety of the peace, $5. 

In Allegheny county, the district attorney receives, in lieu of fees, an 
annual salary of five thousand dollars, and his assistant an annual salary 
of one thousand five hundred dollars, (c) payable out of the county 
treasury, and the fees to be received and paid by him into the county 
treasury are as follows -.(d) 

For drawing bill of indictment and prosecuting the same, for every 
offense triable only in the court of oj^er and terminer, $3. 

For every such bill returned ignoramus, $1. 

For drawing bill of indictment and prosecuting the same in quarter 
sessions, $5. 

For every such bill returned ignoramus, $3. 

For all cases of surety of the peace, $3. (cl) 

In Beaver, Clarion, JS'orthumberiand, and Washington counties, his 
fees are as follows, viz : 

(ffl) Act of 1857, § 1, P. L. p. 507. (c) Act of 1876, § 13, 5, 6, and 17, P. L. p. 

(6) Actof 180G, §1, P. L. p. 103; actof 1807, 16, 14, 15, and 17. 

§ I, P. L. p. 13J; ibid., p. 259; act of (d) Act of 1857, § 2, P. L. p. 508, 

1868, § 1, P. L. p. 1025; act of 1870, § 1, 

P. L.p. 1214. 



SALARIES AND FEES OP OPPIOEBS. 197 

For drawing indictment and prosecuting every offense indictable only 
in the 03'er and terminer, SL5. 

Wliere bill is returned itynoramus, $7. 

Drawing indictment and prosecuting every offense indictable onl^' in 
the quarter sessions, ?S. 

Wliere bill is returned ignoramus, $5. 

Case settled with leave of court, $5. 

Every case of suretj' of the peace, (a) $5. 

In Bradford and Cameron counties, he receives, in lieu of the fees pro- 
vided for by general law, the following, viz : 

Drawing an indictment and prosecuting every offense indictable only 
in the quarter sessions, §7. 

A bill for an offense indictable only in the quarter sessions and re- 
turned ifjnoramus, $5. 

Case settled by leave of court, ?5. 

Every case of surety of the peace, (&) §5. 

In Fayette countj^ he receives, for drawing indictment and prosecut- 
in<r every offense indictable only in the oyer and terminer, $15. 

Where bill is returned ignoramus, ^12. 

Drawing indictment and prosecuting offense indictable only in the 
quarter sessions, f7. 

WTiere bill is returned ignoramus, |7. 

Case settled with leave of court, $7. 

Every surety of the peace, (c) $7. 

In Greene and Sullivan counties, he receives, for drawing indictments 
and prosecuting every offense indictable only in the oyer and terminer, 
?12. 

Where bill is returned ignoramus, $7. 

Drawing bill of indictment and prosecuting the same in the quarter 
sessions, ^vhenever the prosecutor or defendant is sentenced or required 
to pay the cost, or the costs are divided between them, $6. 

Drawing and prosecuting all other indictments in the quarter sessions, 
^. 

For every bill returned ignorarnus in the quarter sessions, and the 
prosecutor to j^ay the costs, '$i. 

For every other such bill returned ignoramus, $4. 

A case se'ttled with leave of court, $4. 

For every case of surety of the peace, (d) $4. 

In the city and county of Philadelphia, he receives out of the city 
treasury, in lieu of fees, an annual salary of fifteen thousand dollars, 
and his first assistant, six thousand dollars, his second assistant, five 
thousand dollai-s, and his third assistant, three thousand dollars, (e) and 
the fees of the ofBce to be collected and paid over by him to the city 
treasury, are the same as tliose provided for the district attorney of Alle- 
gheny county, by the second section of an act, entitled " An act regulat- 
ing the fees of district attorneys," approved May 14, 1857. (/) 

In Tioga county, he is allowed one dollar for maldng the Common- 
wealth's bill of costs in each case, and three dollars for services upon 
each continuance of a case after an indictment is drawn and placed in 
the hands of the grand j uiy. (^g) 

Coroners. 

Section 33. The fees to be received by coroners are as follows, to wit 
Viewing a dead body, $2 75. 

(o) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 798; act 1866, (d) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 474. 

§ 1, P. L. p. 171; act 1867, § 1, P. L. p. (e) Act of 1876, § 12, 5, 6, and 16, P. L. p. 

207, and act 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 1125. 16, 14, 15, liud 17. 

(&) Act of lb66, § 1, P. L. p. 712; act of (/) Act of 1S60, § 1, P. L. p. 477. 

1867, § 1, P. L. p. 572. (ff) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 637. 
(c) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p, 165, and act of 

1873, § 1, P. L. p. 264. 



198 people's manual. 

Summoning and qualifying inquesfc, drawing and returning inquisi- 
tion, $1 37 I . 

Summoning and qualifying each witness, 25 cents. 

To be paid out of the goods, chattels, lands, or tenements of the slay- 
er, (in case of murder or manslaughter, ) it any be both, otherwise by 
the county, with mileage from the court-house to the place of viewing 
the body, (a) and his fees while acting as sheriff are the same as those 
received by the sheriff for similar services. (6) 

In Allegheny county, the coroner receives an annual salary of $2,000, 
paj^able out of the county treasury, and the fees appertaining to the of- 
fice are to be collected and paid over by him to the county treasurer, (c) 

In Beaver, Berks, Bucks, Lycoming, and Schuylkill counties, the fees 
to be received by the coroner are as follows, to wit : 

Viewing a dead body, $5 50. 

Summoning inquest and returning inquisition, $2 75. 

Summoning and qualifying each witness, 25 cents. 

Each mile circular traveled, to be reckoned from the court-house to 
the place of viewing the body, (d) 10 cents. 

In Cambria county, his fees are as follows, viz: 

Viewing a dead body, $1. 

Summoning and qualifying an inquest, drawing and returning inqui- 
sition, $2 50. 

Summoning and qualifying each witness, 25 cents. 

Mileage at the rate of 5 cents per mile, for each mile traveled in mak- 
ing return.(f) 

In Philadelphia city and county, he receives an annual salary of $6,000, 
and his deputy, $2,500, payable out of the city treasury, and the fees ap- 
pertaining to the office are to be collected and jpaid over by him to the 
city treasurer. (/) 

Oounty Surveyors. 

Section 34. The several county surveyors of the Commonwealth are 
authorized to charge and receive, for the services hereinafter mentioned, 
the following fees, and no more, viz : 

For receiving warrant and giving receipt for the same, if required, 25 
cents. 

For executing warrants, not exceeding one hundred acres, $4 50. 

For each additional one hundred acres on same warrant, 75 cents. 

For return of suivey to Department of Internal Affairs, |1. 

For draft thereof to the warrantee, 25 cents. 

For executing order of ro-survey and making retui'n thereof, same 
fees as for like service on original survey. 

For certifying survey made by deputy, 50 cents. 

For each mile necessarily traveled in going to and returning from 
land, (r/) 10 cents. 

And for serving notices on owners, agents, or occupiers of unpatented 
lands, they are entitled to a fee of |5, to be paid out of the State Treas- 
ury, on warrants drawn by the Auditor General, upon the certificate of 
the Secretary of Internal Affiiirs. 

And for making and returning to the Department of Internal Affairs, 
a survey of part of an original tract of land not patented, their fees are 
to be the same as for executing a warrant or survey, as now provided by 
law for the same quantity of acres, (/t) 

In Allegheny county, the county surveyor receives an annual salary 

(a) Act of 1814, § 19, H Sm., p. 233. (e) Act of 1868, § 1 P. L. 412. 

(6) Act of 1878, § 2, P. L. p. 189. (/) Act of 1S76, § 12, 1, and 15, P. L. p. 16, 

(e) Act of 1870, § 13, 1, and 15, P. L. p. 16, 13, and 17. 

13, and 17. {<7) Act of 1859, § 1, P. L. p. 606. 

id) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 332; act of (h) Act of 1872, § 3, 4, P. L. p. 52. 

1868, § 1, P. L. p. 495; act of 1663. § l, P. L. p. 551 ; act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 695; 

act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 106; act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 695. 



SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 199 

of 82,000, and when the office of county engineer and county surveyo r 
are held by one and the same person, the salary is 82,500 per annum, (a ) 

In Lackawanna and Luzerne counties, they receive, for tiling and re- 
cording surveys, re-surveys, field notes, and warrants, a fee of |1, to be 
paid before filing. (6) 

In Washington county, the county surveyor is allowed to charge one 
hundred per cent, additional fees, for his services in the discharge of the 
duties of his office, (c) 

Surveyors Employed on Road and Bridge Views, and for 
OTHER Purposes. 

The pay of surveyors employed in road and bridge views, and in run- 
ning township lines, and dividing boroughs into wards, is §1 per day, 
and mileage at the rate of 10 cents per mile, for each mile necessarily 
traveled from their residences to the nearest point of road to be viewed 
or re-'snewed, or on the line or lines to be run, to be paid in the same 
manner as is provided by law with regard to the pay of viewers, re- 
viewers, or coiumissioners to run lines, to wit : In the case of private 
roads, by the person or persons applying for the same, and in the case 
of public roads or highways and bridges, out of the county treasury, 
upon certificate of the clerk of the court of quarter sessions, that the 
services have been performed ; and in cases of re-view, or a third or any 
subsequent view, the compensation is to be paid by the person or per- 
sons at whose instance they are employed (d) 

In Allegheny, Centre, and Clearfield counties, surveyors subpoenaed 
and attending courts as witnesses, receive ^5 per day, and usual mile- 
age, (e) 

County Solicitor. 

Section 35. In Allegheney county, he receives an annual salary of 
$800 ; (/ ) in Dauphin county, $500 per annum ; (.17) in Lancaster county, 
1500 per annum, (/i) 

County Coutroller. 

Section 36. In Allegheny county, receives an annual salary of |4,000, 
and in Philadelphia county, an annual salary of $10,000. (i) 

County Engineer. 

Section 37. In Allegheny county, receives an annual salary of 
12,500. (j) 

County Detective. 

Section 38. The court of quarter sessions fixes the compensation of 
the county detective, which is to be paid by the county, (/fc) In Alle- 
gheny county, his salary is $1,200 per annum. (3)* 

Jury ConimiHsioners. 

Section 39. Each jury commissioner is allowed, and paid out of the 
county treasury, §2 50 per day, and 4 cents per mile circular, from his 
residence to the court-house. (7/1) 

* Quare— 'Whether this latter clause in not supplied by tlie former one. 
(a) Act ofl876, § 13, P. L. p. IG. (/) Act of 1S76, § 13, P. L. p. 17. 

(6) Act of 1873, is 3, V. L. p. 589. (ff) Act of 1870, § 4, P. L. p. hSo. 

(C) Act of 1860, 5 1, P. L. p. 580. (/t) Act of 1870, § 4, P. L. p. 161. 

(d) Act of 1874, § 1, 2, P. L. p. 138; act of (i) Act of 1876, § 12 and 13, P. L. p. 16. 

1836, § 54, 55, 56, 59, and 60, P. L. p. (.?) Act of 1876, § 13, P. L. p. 17. 
503 and 564. (7c) Act of 1876, § 2, P. L. p. 23. 

(e) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 1030; act of (1) Act of 18:6, § 13, P. L. p. 17. 

1873, §1, P. L. p. 564. (m) Act of 1867, § 5, P. L. p. 63. 



200 



Ipeoplb's manual. 



County Commissioners. 

G-ENERAii Act Govebning Compensation. 

Section 40. County comniissioners receive, out of the county treas 
ury, §1 50 per daj-, for each clay necessarily employed in attending to 
the duties of their office, (a) 

k 
Special Acts Relating to the Several Counties. 

Section 41. In Adams county, they receive S2 50 per day, with usual 
mileage. (&) In Allegheny county, an aminal salary of ^2.000. (c) In 
Armstrong county, §2 50 per day, with usual mileage, (d) In Beaver 
county, §3 per day. (e) In Bedi'ORD county, $2 per day, for every day 
employed, not exceeding seventy-live in each year, and for every day 
exceeding seventy-live in any year, the jjer diem previously allowed. (/ ) 
In Berks county, an annual salary of $500. {g) In Blair county, $3 
per day, (A) and 5 cents per mile circular for each mile traveled in the 
discharge of their duties, (i) In Bradford county, $2 per day. (j) In 
Bucks countj^ an annual salarj^ of ZSO().(k) In Butler county, |2 60 
per day. (Z) In Cambliia county, an annual salary of |400. {m) In Cam- 
eron county, fifty per centum additional on the compensation allowed 
by law. (71.) In Carbon county, ?3 per day, for every day employed, 
not exceeding one hundred in any one year, and for every day exceed- 
ing one hundred in any year, the per diem previously allowed, (o; In 
Centre county, $3 per day. (p) In Chester county, $3 per day, and 
10 cents per mile for each mile traveled by the shortest route in going 
from tlieir homes to the county seat, and returning to the same, mileage 
not to be estimated oftener than once in each week. ((2) In Clarion 
county, $3 per day, (r) and 10 cents per mile circular for each mile trav- 
eled in the iDerformance of official duties, except in going to and from 
their homes to the county seat (s) In Clearfield county, |2 50 per 
day.(<) In Clinton county, $3 per day,(ie.) with usual mileage.(2;) 
In Columbia county, $2 per day. («;) In Crawford countj^ an annual 
salary of |300, and actual and reasonable expenditures for transportation 
whilst attending to the construction and repair of bridges ;(x) also, $100 
per annum additional compensation, (2/) and $100 per annum for ser- 
vices as directors of the poor. (2) In Cumberland county, $2 per 
day.(aa) In Dauphin county, $1,200 per annum. In Delaware 
county, $3 per day. (66) In Elk county, $3 per day. (cc) In Erie county, 
$3 per day, (cZd) and 8 cents per mile circular, for each mile traveled on 
official business, in going to and from their homes to the office, and in 
attencUng courts of aijpeal, at each tri-eunial assessment, (ee) In Fayette 
county. $3 per day, (Jf) and additional compensation, at the rate of $2 
per day, for attending to official business requiring them to be absent 
from the county seat, such additional compensation not to be allowed 
for more than fifty days during the year of the tri-ennial assessment, nor 
for more than twenty days in any other year, (gg) In Forest county, 



(a) Act onS34, § 26, p. L. p. 54L 
(&) Actof 1S65, § J, P. L. p. 133. 

(c) Aetofl87u, § 13, P. L. p. 17. 

(d) Act of 18G5, § 1, P. L. p. 133. 

(e) Ant 0fl8J5, § 2, 1*. L. p. 259. 
(/) Act of 1804, § 1, P. L. p, 857. 
(g) Act of 1SG9, § 1, P. L. 581. 
(A) Actof ISOJ, S 1, P. L. p. 866. 
(2) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 595. 
(?) Act of 1357, § 1, P. L. p. 113. 
(■/O Act of J867, § 1, P. L. p. 882. 
(I) Actof 1SG8, § 1, P. L. p. 233. 
on) Act of 1872, S 2, P. L. p. 405. 
(n) Actof 1865, § 1, l^ L. p. 304. 
(o) Act of 181)3, § 1, P. L. p. 292. 
{p) Act of 186 5, § 1, P. L. p. 517. 
(q) Actof 1837, § i, P. L. p. 133. 
(r; Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 452. 



(s) Actof May 21, 1S71, § !» P- L- P- il02. 

(i) Act of 1SG5, § 1, P. L. p. 307. 

(.u) Act of 1372, § ], P. L. p. 4U. 

(V) Actof 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 133. 

(M) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 140. 

(a;) Act of 1863, § 1, P. L. p. 34. 

(y) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. 492. 

(z) Actof 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 1089. 

(aa) ActoflS6l, §1, P- L- p. 213. 

{bb) Actof 1884, § 1, P. L. p. 427. 

{CC) Act of 8 2, § 1, P. L. p. 411. 

(dd) Act of 18G5, § 1, P. L. p. 478, and act 

of 1887, § 1, P. L. p. 203. 
{ee) Actof 1853, § 13, P. L. p. 182, and act 

of 1831, § 1, P. L. p. 423. 
(ff) Act of 1839, § 1, P. L. p. 117. 
(gff) Act of 1838, § 1, P. L. p. 131. 



SALARIES AND FEES OP OPPIOEBS. 201 

13 per day, and 10 cents per mile for each mile traveled, by shortest 
route, iu going to and from their homes to the county seat, mileage not 
to be estmiate'd oftener than once each week, (a) In Franklin county, 
$2 oO per day, (&) and G cents per mile circular, for every mile traveled 
on official duties, but to receive no mileage for traveling in holding the 
triennial appeals, (c) In Fulton county, §2 per day. {d) In Grkexe 
county, §3 per day.(e) In Huntingdon county, $3 per day. (/) In 
Indiana county. ^2 50 per day, for each day necessarily employed with- 
in the oiUce, and 81 additional, for traveling expenses, for each day em- 
ployed outside of the office, (r/) In Jefferson county, ij.'} per day. (A) 
In Juniata county, 5?2 per day, (i) and 6 cents per mile circular, for 
every mile necessarily traveled in the discharge of their official du- 
ties. "(■;) In Lackawanna* county, an amount fixed by the court of 
quartet- sessions, at the January sessions, not to exceed |3 50 per daj^, (k) 
and 4 cents per mile for each mile traveled in going to and from their 
homes to the office, (such mileage not to be allowed oftener than twice 
a month, ) and the like mileage for any bridge views, (l) In Lancaster 
county, ?3 per day, and 10 cents per mile for every mile traveled in the 
discharge of their official duties. (m.) In Lawrence county, $3 per 
daj'. ( ;? ) In Lebanon county, $1 50 per day, but not to exceed $150 per 
amium.(o) In Lehigh county, $3 per day, (p) and 5 cents per mile 
circular for each mile tj-aveledin the discharge of official duties, mileage 
to and from the county seat not to be chargeable oftener than once a 
week. (^) In Luzerne count3^f an amount fixed by the court of quar- 
ter sessions, at Januarj^ sessions, not to exceed |3 50 per day, (r) and 4 
cents per mile for each mile traveled in going to and from their homes 
to the office, (such mileage not to be allowed of cener than twice a month,) 
and the like mileage for bridge views. (.s) In Lycoming county, $2 50 
per day, with usual iTiileage.(«) In IMcKean county, §2 50 per clav.(w) 
In Mercer count3% ?3 50 per day, (y) and for traveling expenses,' such 
an amount as the county auditors think I'easonable, and any citizen dis- 
satisfied with the allowance, may appeal to the court of common pleas, 
which court is to investigate, and decide upon the same, (iv) In Mifflin 
county, ?2 50 per day. (x) In Monroe county, $2 50 per day, (y) and 4 
cents per mile circular for each mile traveled in the discharge of their 
duties, (z) In Montgomery county, an annual salary of f 800. {aa) In 
Montour county, $2 50 per day. (66) In jSTorthampton countj^, $4 
per day, but their pay and mileage not to exceed |500 per annum, (cc) 
their mileage to be at the rate of G^ cents per mile circular, for every 
mile necessarily traveled in going to and from their homes to the place 
of business, mileage to and from the county seat not to be chargeable 
oftener than once a week (dd) In Northumberland county, |2 50 
per dav.(cc) In Philadelphia city and countv, an annual salary of 
i5,000.''(j^') In Pike county, $2 per day, (gg) In Potter county, $3 

* Lackawanna county erected from part of Luzerne, in 1S78. 

t The comuiissiouirs in office at the date of tlie organization of Lackawanna county, 
received §1,500 during tlieir term, under § 14, act of 1876, P. L. p. 17. 

(a) Act oflSGS, § 1, P. L. p. 222. (r) Act of 1863. § 1, P. L. p. 295. 

(&) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 210. (*) Act of 1S65, § 1, P. L. p. 678. 

(f) Act of 1851, § 3, P. L. p. 631. (t) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 133. 

(d) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 591. (u) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 411. 

(e) Act of 18.5, § 1, P. L. p. 630. (v) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 14. 
(/) Act of 1835, § 1, P. L. p. 131. (w) Act of 1369, § 1, P. L. p. 348. 
(£') Act of 870, § 1, P. L. p. 1218. (a) Act of 1865, S 1, P. L. p. 466. 
(/i) Act of 1367, § 1, P. L. p. 828. (-(/) Act of 1870, S 1, P. L. p. 125. 
(i) Act of 1866, !i 1, P. L. p. 411. (2) Actof 183D, § 1, P. L. p. 561. 
(./) Actof 1871, § I, P. L. p. 1123. (aa) Act of 1864, §1, P. L. p. 425. 
(/.-) Act of 1868, S 1, P. L. p. 295. (66) Act of 1863, § 1, P. L. p. 986. 
(/.) Actof 1S63, § 1, P. L. p. 678. (.cc) Actof 18.9, 5 1, P. L. p. 1110. 
(m) Act of 1861, § 1, P. L. p. 206. {dd) Act of i859, § 1, P. L. p. 137. 
(n) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 2 8. (ee) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p 932. 
(o) Act of 1348, § 7, P. L. p. 417. (ff) Actof 1876, § 12, P. L. p. 16. 
(p) Act of 18jy. § 1, P. L. p. 421. (,gff) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 685. 
((J) Actof 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 467. 



202 PEOPIiE'S MANUAL. 

per day. (a) In Schuylkill county, $2 60 per day. (6) In Sntdek 
county, $2 50 per day. (c) In Somerset county, $3 per day.(d) In 
Sullivan county, ^2 per day.(e) In Susque'hanna county, $2 50 
per day. (/) In Tioga county, $3 per day, (/y) and 3 cents per mile cir- 
cular, ibr each mile necessarily traveled in the discharge of their du- 
ties. (A) In Venango county. $3 50 per day. (i) In Wakeen county, 
?3 per day, and 8 cents per mile for each mile necessarily traveled in the 
discharge of their official duties, (j) In Washington county, |3 per 
day, but not to charge for more than two hundred days in any one 
year. (A;) In Wayne county, S3 per day for everyday not exceeding 
one hundred in any one year, and for every day above one hundred, 
the compensation previously allowed, (7) and mileage at the rate of 5 
cents per mile for each mile' necessarily traveled, (m) In Westmoeb- 
LAND county, ^2 50 per day. (n) In Wyoming county, §2 50 per day. (o ) 
In YoEK county, an annual salary of $400, and G cents per mile for 
every mile traveled in the discharge of their official duties, (p) 

The counties of Perry and Union are the only ones in the State whose 
commissioners serve for the compensation fixed in the act of 1831. In 
all the other counties the matter is regulated by special enactments, as 
set forth above. 

Clerk to the County Coinmisiiioiiers. 

Geneeal Act Relating to Compensation. 

Section 42. The clerk to the county commissioners of each county re- 
ceives for his services such sum as the commissioners, at their first meet- 
ing in each year, agree upon.(g') 

Special Acts Relative to Certain Counties. 

Section 43. In Allegheny and 'Philadelphia counties the county com- 
missioners and county controller fix the salary of the commissioners' 
clerk, with right of appeal to the judges of the court of common pleas, 
whose decision in the ciase is final, (r) 

In Berks county the commissioners are authorized to fix the annual 
salary of the clerk, (s) 

In Northampton county the salary of the commissioners' clerk is fixed 
at 1800, payable monthly, out of the county treasury, {t) 

In Yorli county his salary is fixed at $1,000, payable monthly, by the 
treasurer out of the county funds, (u) 

C^ounty Auditors. 

General Acts Governing Compensation. 

Section 44. The auditors of each county are allowed out of the county 
funds, $1 50 apiece for every day's necessary attendance upon the duties 
of their office, (v) 

Tiie amount payable for their services and incidental expenses, and 
costs of attendance of witnesses before them, is paid out of the county 
treasury upon orders drawn on the county treasurer by the county com- 
missioners, (li") 

(a) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 429. (TO) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 290. 

(6) Act of 1861, ? 1, P. L. p. 285. (n) Act of 1864, S I, P. L. p. 647. 

(,'•) Act of 1867, ^ 1, P. L. p. 202. (o) Act of 18G3, § J, P. L. p. 244. 

(d) Act of i8»i9, S 2, P. L. p. 1 .9. (p) Act of 1861, § 1, P. L. p. 579. 

(e) Act of 18:,5, § 1, P. L. p. SSI. (q) Act of 1834, § 20, P. L. p. 541, 
(/) Act of 1855, § 1, P. L. p. 233. (r) Act of 1876, § 7, P. L. p. 15. 
iff) Act of 186% § 1, P. L. p. 622. (s) Act of 183), § 1, P. L. p. 5SL 
(/*) Act of 1810, § 9, P. L. p. 71. (t) Act of 1838, § 2, P. L. p. 864. 
(i) Act of 187', § 1, P. L. p. 12. (u) Act of 1871, § 2, P. L. p. 831. 

( /) Act of 1873. § 1, P. L. p. 232. {v) Act of 1S34, § 60, P. L. p. 547. 

(/c) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 7i3. (W) Act of 1839, § 1, P. L. p. 66, 

{I) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 643. 



sai.abies and fees of offi0eb8. 203 

Special acts Relating to the Several Counties. 

Section 45. In Adams coun^j^ they receive §5 per day for every day 
necessarily engaged, not exceeding four in any one year, and $J per day 
for every day engaged in excessot'four ;(a) in Artn.stronr/ county, f^ 50 
per day; (6) in Beaver countv, §3 per day;(c) \n Bedford county, 85 
per day ; ( c/) in Berks comity, an annual salary of §100 ; (e) in Bradford 
county. .?-! per day ;/'/) in Btttler county, an annual salary of §100 ; {fj) 
in Cambria county, §2 per day ;(A) in Cameron counts', 50 per centum 
additional on the 'compensation allowed by law, (t) making ?2 25 per 
day; in Carbon county, S3 per day for every day not exceeding eight, 
necessarily engaged in each year, and for all time engaged in excecs of 
eight days the compensation tixed by general law ; ( j) iii Centre county, 
?3 per day ;(/.-) in Clarion county, §2 per day ;(Q in Clearfield county, 
S5 per day for any number of days engaged, not exceeding twenty in 
any one year \{m) in Clin ton county, §2 per day ; {n) in Crawford county, 
an'annual salary of §150; (o) in Cumberland county, %o ■p'^v day •,{q-)) in 
Daupliin county, an annual salary of §100 ;(g') in Elc county, §2 50 per 
day ; (r) in Erie county, §3 per day, in addition to mileage ;"(.s) in Fay- 
ette county, §3 per day ;(<) in Forest county, §3 per da^', and ten cents 
per mile for each mile traveled in performance of official duty •,(u) in 
Greene county, §3 per da3^:(i;) in Hantingdon county, §3 per daj^Cii") 
in Indiana countj^, §2 50 per day for every day employed within their 
offices, and §1 per day additional for traveling expenses for each day 
employed outside of their offices •,{x) in Jefferson county, §3 per (Xny ; 
(y) in Juniata countj^ §2 per day; (z) in Lackawanna county, 50 
cents per day in addition to compensation fixed by law, {aa) making §2 
per day ; in Lancaster county, §3 per day, and ten cents per mile for 
each mile traveled in the performance of official duty, (66) and their 
services and incidental expenses, and costs of attendance of witnesses 
before them, are to be paid out of the county treasury on orders drawn 
upon the treasurer of the county by the judges of the court of common 
pleas: (cc) in Lawrence county, %^ per day ;';cZd) in Lehiqii county, %5 
per day ;(e'") in Luzerne^ county, 50 cents per day in addition to com- 
pensation fixed by law, (ff) making §2 per day ; in Lycominfj county, §2 
per day ; (gg) in McKcan county. §3 per day ; (hh) in Mercer county, §3 
per day;(u) in Mifflin county,' §2 50 per day;(jy) in Monroe county, 
§2 50 per day for all services not exceeding ten days in any one year, 
and for all above ten days, the compensation tixed by general law;(/i;/i:) 
in Montgomery countj^ an annual salary of §100 ;(.ll) in Northampton 
county, §250 per day : (mm) in Northumberland county, §3 per day ; (nn) 
in Pike county, §3 per day for every day engaged not exceeding eight in 

*Thc auditors in office at date of the fonnation of Lackawanna county from part of 
Luzerne, would receive $500 annually until the expiration of their term, uuder section 
14, act of 1876, P. L. p. 17. 

(a) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 92. (w) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 222. 

(6) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 5. (v) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 690. 

(c) Act of 1865, §1, P. ^r. p. 259. (w) Ibid, p. 131. 

(d) Act of 1S73, § 1, 2, P. T>. p. 190. (x) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 1218. 

(e) Act of 1863, >! 1, P. L. p. 214. (?/) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 1015. 
(/) Act of 1857, § 1, P. L. p. 113. (z) Act of 1836, § 1, P. L. p. 411. 
(g) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 832. (aa) Act of 18 '5, § 1, P. L. p. 177. 
(/i) Act of 1&57, § 1, P. L. p. 164. (66) Ibid, p. 131. 

(>) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 304. (co) Act of 1870, § 2, P. L. p. 560. 

(.7) Ibid, p. 292. (dd) Act of 1865, 5 1, P. L. p. 218. 

(70 Ibid, p. 517. (ee) Act of 1869, ^ :i, P. L. p. 424. 

(.1) Actof 1860, § 1, P. L. p. 149. (ff) Act of JS65, § 1, P. L. p. 177. 

(m) Act of 187-5, § 1, P. L. p. 592. (gg) Act of 1864, § 3, P. L. p. 873. 

(,n) Act of ISGl, S 3, P. L. p. 873. (hh) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 404. 

(o) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 412. (ii) Act of 1871, § 1. P. L. p. 14. 

(p) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 198. (.f,7) Act of 1865, ^ 1, P. L. p. 466. 

(q) Ibid, § 2, p. 501. (kk) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 484. 

(r) Actof 1S66, S 1, P. L. p. 556. (II) Act of 1861, § 1, P. L. p. 426. 
(s) Act of 1865. § 1, P. L. p. 478, and act of (mm) Act of ]8;")9, § 4, P. L. p. 137. 

1867, § 1, P. I,, p. 208. (nn) Act of X867, § 1, P. L. p, 471. 
(0 Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. U7. 



204 PEOPLI^'S MANTJAti. 

any one year, and for all time over eight days, the compensation fixed 
by general law ; (a) in Potter county, $3 per day ; (6) in Somerset county, 
$8 per da3^;(c) in HSuUivan county ,"^$2 per day •,{(!) in Tioga county, Is 
perday;(e) in Fena??^© county, $3 per day ;(/) in Warren county, |3 
per day; (r/) in Washington county, ^3 per day;(/j) in Wayne county, 
|3 per'day;(t) in Wyoming cowniy, ^2 50 per day;(j) in For/c county, 
an annual salary of |200. {!:) 

Blair, Bucks, Chester, Columbia, Delaware, Franl-din, Fulton, Leba- 
non, Montour, Perry, Schuylldll, Snyder, Susquehanna, Union, and 
Westmoreland, are the only counties wiiose auditors are paid the com- 
pensation allowed by the general act of 1834, viz : |1 50 joer day. 

Allegheny county and Pliiladelphia have each a controller in lieu of 
county auditors. 

Clerk to County Auditors. 

Section 46. The salaries of clerlis and deputies in the offices of the 
controller of Allegheny and Philadelplila counties, are fixed by the 
county commissioners and c^^^nty controller, witli right of appeal to the 
judges of tlie court of common pleas, whose decision thereon is final. (Z) 

In Bedford countj^, the compensation of the clerk to the county audi- 
tors is fixed by the county comixiissioners and county auditors, and is pay- 
able by order drawn by the county commissioner on the county treas- 
urer, (m) 

Court Criers and Tipstaves. 

GENERAti Acts Relative to Compensation. 

Section 47. The compensation of court criers and tipstaves in the Su- 
preme Court, is fixed by the judges of said court, at a rate per diem, for 
the whole year, not exceeding wiiat is paid to similar officers of courts 
of common pleas ; such compensation to be paid by the proper city or 
county treasurer, on bills approved by the court or by prothonotary there- 
of, in pursuance of a rule made by the court for that purpose. (%) 

In other courts, they are to be paid by the county, such sum for each 
day's attendance as the judges of such court allow. (o) 

Special Acts for Various Counties. 

Section 48. In Allegheny county, they receive an annual salary, not 
exceeding §1,000, to be fixed by the judges of the several courts of said 
county, (each court for their respective criers and tipstaves,) to be paid 
monthly, on the second Monday of each month, (p) 

In Berks county, the court crier is entitled to receive the fee of 12| 
cents on every suit brought in the court of common pleas of said coun- 
ty- (^) 

In Bucks and Northumberland counties, it is the duty of the sheriff 
and prothonotary to pay over to tiie court crier, ]2| cents on every bill 
of costs, whei-e such charge is received by them, or either of them ; the 
crier is also entitled to 25 cents for making proclamation for the acknowl- 
edgment of sheriff's deeds, and 12^ cents on each recognizance forfeited 
in the court of quarter sessions or oyer and terminer, (r) 

In Indiana county, the crier and tipstaves receive twenty-five per 
centum additional on amounts allowed them by law. (s) 

In the city and county of Philadelphia, it is made the duty of the 

(a) Act of 1835, § 1, p. L,. p. 179. (fc) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 370. 

(&) Act of 1881, § 1, P"! L. p. 429. (I) Act of 1876, § 7, P. L. p. 15, and act of 

(C) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 499. 1877, § 2, P. L. p. 34. 

(d) Act of .835, § 1, P. L. p. 581. (m) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 190. 

(e) Ibid, p. 622. (M) Act of 187.5, § 1, P. L. p. 5. 
(/) Act of 1871. § 1, P. L. p. 12. (o) Act of 1834, § 78, P. L. p. 3.55. 

(£7) Act of 1836, § 1, P. L. p. 141. (p) Act of 1873, § 1 and 2, P. L. p. 461. 

(/i) Ibid, p. 713. (q) Act of 18J2, § 1, P. L. p. 481. 

(i) Act of 18j4, § 1, P. L. p. 648. (r) Resolution of 1839, P. L. p. 677. 

U) Act of 1863, § 1, P. L. p. 244. (*•) Act of 187i, § 2, P. L. p. 1104. 



SALARIES AND PEES OF OFFICERS. 205 

sheriff and prothonotary to pay over to the court criers the sum of 12, 
cents on ever\' bill of costs, where such charge is collected by the said 
sheriff or prothonotar3\(rt) 

In Schuyikiil coutit}-, the court crier receives, in lieu of other fees, the 
sum of 25 cents on all suits, amicable actions, appeals from justices, 
and transcripts of judgments entered of record in the ofl3.ce of the pro- 
thonotciry.(b) 

Stenographers in Courts. 

Section 49. Stenographers receive compensation at the rate of $10 per 
day for every day actually spent by them in courts, in taking notes, to 
be paid by the CommonAvealth in the case of the Supreme Court stenog- 
rapher, and by the county or counties forming a jtidicial district, in the 
case of steno2raphers appointed in said districts, upon the order of the 
judge presiding ; but no stenographer to receive a greater compensa- 
tionthan §1,200 per anntmi, in any county having less than two hundred 
thousand inhabitants. 

For furnishing transcripts they are entitled to compensation not ex- 
ceeding 15 cents for each one hundred words, such compensation to be 
paid b3' the county in Avhich the notes are taken, when the transcript is 
ordered by the court, or wlieu made for the purpose of being filed, and 
by the counsel in the respective cases, when ordered by them.(c) 

Jurors. 

General Acts Relating to Compensation. 

Section 50. The compensation of jurors is $2 per day, except in coun- 
ties where such compensation is tixed at a greater sum,(d) to be paid, 
in the case of jurors in courts by the county treasurer, upon warrants 
of the county commissioners :(e) then compensation for attendance on 
views or for any other ser\nce in the county is to be charged in the bill 
of costs, (/ ) except in cases of partition of real estate where it is to be paid 
by the parties in interest, (r/) and for serving on inquests, in cases of 
lunatics and habitual drunkards, where it is to be paid in accordance 
with the order and direction of the court out of which the commission 
issues, (h) or in the case of unfounded applications, by the person or jjer- 
sons makmg such applications. (?:) Jurors attending court or a view 
are allowed, in addition to their pay, mileage at the rate of 6^ cents 
for each mile traveled, to be paid out of the county treasury, in the 
usual manner ;(j) and in cases of partition of real estate, they are en- 
titled to mileage, at the rate of three cents per mile circular, for each 
mile necessarily traveled by them, counting from the place at which 
they first met and back to the same place, {k) 

Special Acts for the several Counties. 

Section 51. In Allegheny county, jurors receive ^2 50 per day ;(0 
in Bucks count j^, jurors serving in courts receive $2 50 per daj', in addi- 
tion to mileage ;(;)() in Columbia countj^, jurors in criminal and civil 
cases receive $2 per day and mileage ;(«) in Elk county, grand and 
traverse jurors receive $'2 50 per daj', m addition to mileage ;(o) in In- 
diana county, they are only allowed mileage for the number of miles 
actually' traveled over the^ordinary public roads or highways, and no 

(a) Act of 1837, § 4, P. L. p. 378. (i) Act of 1836, § 9, P. L. p. 595. 

(6) Act of 1871, §1, P. L. p. 784. (J) Acts of 1834, § 1 and 138, P. L. p. 366 

(c) Act of 187G, § 3 and 4, P. L. p. 140 and and 378. 

141. (/i) Act of 1856, § 2, P. L. p. 386. 

(d) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 37. (I) x\.ct of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 521. 

(e) Act of 1S:J4,§ 137, P. L. p. 366. (m) Act of 1.S73, P. L. p. 1-2. 
(/) Act of 1821, § 12, 7 Sm. b77. (h) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. 209. 
(fir) Act of 1S64, § 1, P. L. p. 641. (o) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 229. 
(/i) Act of 1819, § 2, P. L. n. 663. 



206 people's manual. 

one traveling by railroad is to be allowed mileage for more than twenty- 
five miles; (a) in Northumberland county, jurors in criminal and civil 
cases receive §2 and mileage ; (&) in the city and county of Philadelphia, 
jurors receive, for attendance in courts, ^2, 50 per day, and usual mile- 
age, (c) 

Mercantile Appraisers. 

General Acts Relating to Fees. 
Section 62. Mercantile appraisers in every county of the Common- 
wealth, except Philadelphia, receive 50 cents for each certificate of 
license issued, and mileage ut the rate of six cents per mile circular for 
each mile necessarily traveled in the discharge of tlieir duties ;(d) the 
fee of 50 cents for each certilicate of license issued is to be collected by 
the county treasurer, (c) and the mileage to be paid by the State Treas- 
urer, on the warrant of the Auditor General. (/) 

Special Acts fob the Several Counties. 
Section 53. In the city and county of Philadelphia mercantile ap- 
praisers receive for the classification of each person a fee of G2| cents, (g) 
and for making a certified list of liquor dealers, with statement of amount 
of annual sales and other services in connection tlierewith, they are en- 
titled to receive from each liquor dealer the sum of $l.(/i) 

Arbitrators and Referees. 

Section 54. The comiDcnsation of arbitrators chosen under the com- 
pulsory arbitration laws of this Commonwealth shall be ?2 for each day 
necessarily emp-.oyed in the duties of tlieir appointment, and five cents 
for each mile necessarily traveled in going to and returning from the 
place of meeting, w-bich shall be entered and taxed in the bill of costs 
in the case, and collected as the other costs of the case are collected : 
Provided, That in all cases where no defense is made before said arbi- 
trators, and in all cases in whicli said arbitrators shall be engaged less 
than five hours in hearing, their fees shall be SI per day. (i) 

Referees in civil actions pending in courts are entitled to glO per day 
for the time engaged as referees, to be taxed and paid as part of the costs 
in each case, aiid the referee in each case must malie out his bill, with 
affidavit attached, and submit the same to the court, and the court, after 
examination, is to direct the taxation of so much costs as the referee is 
entitled to have.( j) 

Referees, in actions before a justice of the peace, are each entitled to. 
50 cents per day for their services, to be taxed vdth the costs, {k) 

Witnesses. 

General Acts Relating- to Fees. 

Section 55. The fees to be received by witnesses are as follows, to 
wit: 

Each day's attendance at court, when the witness does not reside in 
nor within one mile of county seat, Q>Zk cents. 

Eash day's attendance at couit, when the witness resides in or within 
one mile of the county town, 50 cents. 

Each day's attendance before a justice of the peace, 25 cents. 

Mileage, each mile circular in traveling to and from, 3 cents. (^) 

Witnesses attending before county auditors receive out of the county 
stock the same allowance as is received by witnesses attending before 
the courts. (iJi) 

(a) Act of 1872, P. L. p. 77. {h) Act of 1873, § 2, P. L. p. 566. 

(h) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 209. (i) Act of 1877, § 1, P. L. p. 14; act of 1838, 

(c) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 262. § 49, P. L. p. 727. 

(d) Act of 18S5, S 1, P. L. p. 4; act of 1867, (,/) Act of 1874, § 2, P. L. p. 167. 

§ 1, P. L. p. 482. (k) Actof 1810, §3, 5Sm., p. 162. 

(e) Actof 18^5, §8, P. L. p. 534. (I) Act of 1821, §13, P. L. p. 63. 
(/) Act of 1850, § 1, P. L. p. 472. (m) Act of 1834, § 53, P. L. p. 516. 
i,g) Act of 1866, § 2, P. L. p. 104. 



SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFIOEES. 



207 



Witnesses before arbitrators receive the same fees as are allowed by 
law lor similar services, (ct) 

Witnesses on a commission to inquire into the lunacy and habitual 
drunkenness of anj' person are allowed the same fees and mileage as if 
attending as witnesses in the court of common pleas. (6) 

Special Acts Relating to the several Uounties. 

Section 58. In Adams county, witnesses in courts receive ^l per day 
and mileage, except those who reside within one mile of the county 
seat, who receive the compensation fixed by general law;(c) in Alle- 
gheny county, witnesses in cotirts receive ij?! per day and mileage ;(d) 
in Armstrong county, witnesses in courts i-eeeivo §1 50 per daj'', except 
those who reside in or within one mile of the county seat, who receive 
75 cents per day ;(e) in Beaver county, witnesses in courts receive |1 
per day ;(/) in Bedford county, witnesses in courts receive $1 per day, 
except those who reside in or within one mile of the county seat, who 
receive S7i cents per day;(r/) in Berks county, witnesses in courts re- 
ceive 81 25 per day;(/i) in Blair county, witnesses in courts receive |1 
per day and mileage ;(0 in Bradford county, witnesses receive $1 per 
day ;(j ) in Bucks county, witnesses receive ^1 per day and mileage ;(&) 
in Butler county, witnesses in courts receive $i per day ;(?) in Cambria 
county, Avitnesses in courts receive $1 per daj^ and mileage ; (??i) in Cam- 
eron county, witnesses in courts receive $1 per day, excej^t Avhen they 
reside within one mile of the court-house, in which case they receive but 
75 cents per day;(5i) in Carbon county, witnesses in courts receive ^1 
per day ; (o) in'Centre countj^ witnesses in courts receive 81 50 per day 
and mileage ;(^;) m Chester county, witnesses in courts receive 81 per 
day, except those who reside in the borough of West Chester, who re- 
ceive the compensation fixed by general law; ((7) in (Clarion county, 
witnesses in courts receive 81 per day;(r) in Clearfield county, wit- 
nesses in courrs receive 81 per clay; (s) in Clinton county, witnesses in 
courts receive 81 50 per day aiid mileage ;(<) in Columbia county, wit- 
nesses in civil and criminal cases receive 81 50 per day and mileage ; (u) 
in Carwford count}-, witnesses in courts receive 81 25"per day and mile- 
age, (v) and their mileage is to be computed by the nearest railroad 
route ;(?(-') in Cumberland countj^, witnesses in courts receive 81 per 
day, in addition to mileage, except those who reside in or within one 
mile of Carlisle, who receive but 75 cents per day ; (x) in Dauphin coun- 
tj', witnesses in courts receive 81 per day and mileage; (,■)/) in Delaware 
county, witnesses in coui-ts receive 81 per day ;(2:) in Elk county, wit- 
nesses in courts receive 81 per day;(aa) in Erie county, witnesses in 
courts receive 81 per da}'; (W) in Fayette county, witnesses in courts 
receive 81 per day;(cc) in Franklin county, witnesses in courts re- 
ceive 75 cents per daj'', except those who reside in or within one mile 
of Chambersburg, who are only entitled to 50 cents per day ; (del) in Ful- 
ton county, witnesses in courts receive 81 per day, except those Avho re- 
side in or within one mile of the county seat, who receive but 80 cents 
per day ;(e<?) in Greene county, witnesses receive 81 per day and mile- 
age ; (//) in Huntingdon county, witnesses receive 81 i^er day and 4 cents 



(a) Act of 1836, § 52, P. L. p. 728. 
(6) Act of 1849, 5 2, P. L. p. 663. 

(c) Act of 1865, § 3, P. L. p. 133. 

(d) Act of 1861, § 1, P. L. p. 576. 

(e) Act of 1865, § ], P. L. p. 344. 
(/) Act of 1865. 5 3, P. L. p. 259. 
(g) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 428. 
(Ii) Act of 1870, ? 1, P. L. p. 174. 
(i) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 595. 
(/) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 34. 
(fc) Act of 1805, § 2, P. L. p. 107. 
(I) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 81. 
(m) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 576. 
(n) Act of 1865, § 1, P. p. 304. 
(0) Act of 1858, § 1, P. L. p. 91. 

( p) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 756. 



(g-) Act of 1856, § 1, P. L. p. 485. 
(r) Act of 1873, § 3, P. L. p. 452. 
(*) Act of 1S57, § 1, P. L. p. 116. 
(i) Act of 1873, § 1. P. L. p. 756. 
(n) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 209. 
(0) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 3. 
(w) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 1092. 
(X) Act of 1870, § 2, P. L. p. 306. 
(y) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 575. 
(z) Act of 1857, § 1, P. L. p. 116. 
(aa) Ibid. 

(bb) Act of 1858, § 1, P. Ii. p. 91. 
(cc) Ibid. 

(dd) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 136. 
(. e) Act of 1865, § P. L. p. 592. 
(//) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 862. 



208 



people's manual. 



per mile, circular, for each mile traveled; (a) in Indiana county, wit- 
nesses in courts receive $1 per day and mileage, (6)- such mileage to be 
allowed only for the number of miles actually traveled, and no one travel- 
ing by railroad can claim from the county mileage for more than twenty- 
five rniles ;(c) in Jefi'erson county, witnesses in courts receive $1 per day, 
and 5 cents i^er mile circular, for each mile traveled, and before a justice 
of the peace, 75 cents per day, and the same mileage as witnesses in 
courts ;(d) in Juniata county, witnesses in courts receive $1 per day 
and mileage ;(e) in Lackawanna countj^, witnesses in courts receive $1 
per day ; (/) in Lancaster county, witnesses in courts receive ?1 per day 
and mileage ; (g) in Lawrence county, witnesses in courts receive 75 
cents per day and mileage ; (h) in Lebanon county, witnesses in courts 
receive $1 per day and mileage ; (i) in Lehigh county, witneses in courts 
receive $1 per day ;(j) in Luzerne county, witnesses in courts receive 
$] per day •,(Ic) in Lycoming county, witnesses in courts receive ^L per 
day and mileage, except those who reside within one mile of the county 
seat, who receive the compensation fixed by general ]a,w;(l.) in Mercer 
county, witnesses in courts receive $1 per day, and before a justice of the 
peace, 50 cents per day;(m) in Mifflin county, witnesses in courts re- 
ceive $1 per day and mileage ;(-«.) in Monroe county, witnesses in courts 
and before arbitrators and auditors receive |1 per day ; (o) in Montgom- 
ery county, witnesses in courts receive ?1 per day and mileage ;(p) in 
Montour county, witnesses residing more than one mile from the county 
seat receive $1 per day;(g) in Northampton county, witnesses in courts 
receive $1 25 cents per daj"-, and before a justice of the peace, 75 cents 
per day, with mileage in all cases ;(r) in Northumberland county, wit- 
nesses'in civil and criminal cases receive ^1 60 per day and mileage ; (.s) 
in Perry county, witnesses in courts receive $1 per day and mileage ; (t) 
in the city and county of Philadelphia, witnesses in courts receive ^1 50 per 
day and mileage ; (u) in Pike county, witnesses in courts and before arbi- 
trators and auditors receive ?1 per day ;(v) in Potter county, witnesses 
in courts receive ^1 per day and mileage ; (iv) in Schujdkill county, wit- 
nesses in courts receive |1 50 per day, except those who reside in or 
within one mile of the county seat, who receive but 75 cents per day;(a;) 
m Snyder county, witnesses in courts receive $1 per day and mileage; (2/) 
in Somerset county, witnesses receive |1 per day ;(2) in Sullivan coun- 
ty, witnesses receive $1 per day •,(aa) in Tioga county, witnesses in courts 
receive $1 per day and nfileage;(66) in Union countj^, witnesses in 
courts receive $1 per day, and 3 cents circular mileage, excejat those who 
reside in or Avithm one mile of the county seat, or place of trial, who 
receive but 75 cents per day ;(cc) in Venango county, witnesses receive 
$1 per day ; (dd) in Washington county, witnesses receive $1 per day and 
mileage ;(ee) in Wayne county, witnesses in courts and before arbitrat- 
ors and auditors receive $1 per day ; (ff) in Westmoreland county, wit- 
nesses in courts receive $1 50 per day, except those who reside in or 
within one mile of the county seat, who receive but 75 cents per day: (gg) 
in York county, witnesses receive |1 per day and mileage. (A/i) 



(a) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 503. 
(6) Act of 1888, § 2, P. L. p. 650. 
(C) Act of 1872, 5 1. P. L. p. 77. 

(d) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 714. 

(e) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 814. 
(/) Act of 1857, § 1, P. L. p. 116. 
(£?) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 832. 
(/i) Act of 1857, § 1, P. L. p. 432. 
(i) Act of 1868, ? 2, P. L. p. 650. 
(J) Act of 1858, § 1, P. L, p. 91. 
(k) Act of 1857, § 1, P. L. p. 116. 
(I) Act of 1885, S 3, P. L. p. 133. 
(m) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 14. 
(n) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 891. 
(O) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 403. 
(p) Act of 1364, § 3, P. L. p. 426. 
(q) Act of 1866, U, P. L. p. 34, 



(r) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 202. 
(*) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 209. 
{t) Act of 1S64, §1, P. L. p. 814. 
(M) Act of 1873, § 1. P. L. p. 262. 
{V) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 403. 
(to) Act of 1865, § 3, P. L. p. 610. 
(X) Act of 1886, § 1, P. L. p. 344. 
(y) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 156. 
(s) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 34. 
(aa) Ibid. 

(bb) Act of 1865, § 3, P. L. p, 610. 
(cc) Act of 1869, § 1,P. L. p. 2r2. 
(dd) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 12, 
(ee) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 862. 
(ff) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p, 408. 
(gg) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L.p. 344. 
(hh) Act of 1861, § 1, P. L. p. 579. 



SAIiAKIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 209 

Appraisers. 

Section 57. Appraisers of the estates of a decedent and of assigned 
estates, are eacli entitled to receive from tlie executor or administrator 
a sum not exceeding $1 for tlieir servicer in appraising sucli estate, and 
if not completed in one day, §1 for every day diligently employed 
therein, (a) 

Appraisers of decedent's estates for collateral inheritance tax, receive 
for services performed by them in the city of Philadelpliia, and in the 
other cities and several scats of jus:ice within the Commonwealth, at the 
rate of $1 per day, and in the several counties within this Commonwealth 
at the rate of Si' 50 per day. (6) 

Appraisers of property excmi^t from execution or distress, each receive 
50 cents, to l)e charged as part of the costs of the proceedings, (c) except 
in the counties of Philadelphia and Allegheny, where their compensa- 
tion is §l.(cZ) 

Road and Bridge Viewers and Re-viewers, Commissioners of Roads, Commis- 
s'^oners to run Townsliip Lines, and to divide Boroui>;hs into Wards, and town* 
ship Divisilon Lines. 

Section 58. The compensation of viewers and re-viewers of roads and 
bridges, commissioners of roads, and of commissioners apiDointed to run 
to^mship lines and to divide boroughs into wards and to\\'Tiship division 
lines, is ?2 per day, and mileage at the rate of 10 cents per mile for each 
mile necessarily traveled from their places of residence to the nearest 
point of road viewed or re-viewed, or the line or lines to be run, to be 
paid in the case of viewers and re-viewers of private roads by the per- 
son applying for the same, and in case of public roads and bridges, and 
commissioners to divide boroughs into wards, or to alter or establish 
boundaries of wards, to be jiaid from the county treasury, except in the 
counties of Berlcs, Buclcs, Lycoming, Monroe, INIontgomery, and Pilie, 
where all expenses are to be paid by the petitioners, and in the counties 
of Blair and Washington, where expenses are to be paid by the peti- 
tioners unless the roads are laid out and confirmed, (e) 

Cpmniiseioners appointed to divide Townsliips into Election Districts, or to con- 
solidate Election Districts. 

Section 59. Commissioners appointed to divide a township into elec- 
tion districts, or to consolidate townships or election districts, are to re- 
ceive the same compensation as that paid to road viewers, and to be paid 
in the same manner. (/) 

• Cliain Carriers. 

Section 60. The compensation of chain carriers employed at the sur- 
vey of road views, and in the division of townships and running town- 
sliip lines, is $1 50 per day, to be paid in the same manner as road viewers 
and surveyors of roads are paid, {g) 

Magistrates, Pliiladelphia. 

Section G1. Magistrates receive from the city of Philadelphia a salary 
of ? 3,000 each, payable quarterly on the first Mondays of Jiily, October, 
January, and April in each year, (/t) 



(a) Act of 1834, § 10, P. L. p. 74; act of § 2, P. L. p. 120; act of 1857, § 5, P. L. 

1836, § 4, J'. L. p. 631. p. 298; act of 1868, ^ 2, P. L. 464; 1845, 

(6) Act of 1849, § 12, P. L. p. 571. § 1, P. L. p. 328; act of 1859, § 5, P. 

(e) Ibid, § 2, p. 533. I., p. 139; act of 1863, P. L. p 337; act 

(d) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 95; actof 1872, of 1857, § 2, P. L. p. fi07; act of 1857, 

§ 1, P. L. p. 562. § 2, P. L. p. 3. 

(e) Act of 1874, § 1 and 2, P. L. p. 138; act (/) Act of ]870, § 6,P. L. p. 179. 

of 1874, § 5, P. L. p. 160; act of 1836, {g) Act of 1876, § 1, P. L. p. 136. 

§ 54 and 59, P. L. p. 5G3; act of 1853, (/i) Act of 1875, § 8, P. L. p. 68. 
14 



210 PKOPLES MANUAL. 

Note. — These officers take the place of the aldermen heretofore elected 
in Philadelphia. They exercise about the same jurisdiction, and are 
ex o^tcio j ustices of the peace. They are -'liable to the same limitations 
and restrictions, pains, and penalties now imijosed upon aldermen." 
There is no separate fee bill enacted for tliem, and we are of the opinion 
that they must charge tlie same fees as were charged by aldermen in 
Philadelphia at the time tiie office of magistrate was created. For fees 
of aldennen in Philadelphia, see section 63, this chapter. 

Aldermen and Justices of the Peace. 

Section 62. The fees of aldermen and justices of the peace, except in 
the counties of Allegheny, Berks, Delaware, Philadelphia, Venango, 
and Washington, are as follows : 

Information or complaint on behalf of the Commonwealth, for every 
ten words, 2 cents. 

Dooiiet entry on behalf of the Commonwealth, 20 cents. 

Warrant on mittimus on behalf of the Commonwealth, 40 cents. 

Writing an examination on comx^laint of defendant, or a deposition, 
for every ten words, 2 cents. 

Admmistering oath or atifirmation, 10 cents. 

Taking recognizance in any criminal case, and returning the same to 
court, 50 cents. 

Entering j udgment on conviction for fine, 20 cents. 

Recording conviction or copy thereof, for every ten words, 2 cents. 

Warrant to levy fine or forfeiture, 40 cents. 

Bail piece and return, or supersedeas, 25 cents. 

Discharge to jailor, 25 cents. 

Entering discontinuance in case of assault and battery, 40 cents. 

Entering complaint of master, mistress, or apprentice, 20 cents. 

Notice to master, mistress, or apprentice, 25 cents. 

Plearing parties, and dischargin':^; complaint, 40 cents. 

Holding inquisition under landlord and tenant act, or in case of forci- 
ble entry, each day, |2. 

Precept to sheriif, 50 cents. 

Recording proceedings, %\. 

Writ of restitution, 50 cents. 

Warrant to appraise damages, 40 cents. 

Warrant to sell strays, 50 cents. 

Warrant to appraise swine, entering return, advertising, et cetera, 
$150. 

Entering action in civil case, 20 cents. 

Summons, capias or subpoena, each, 20 cents. 

Every additional name, after the first, 5 cents. 

Subpoena dace, tecum, 25 cents. 

Entering return of summons, and qualifying constables, 15 cents. 

Entering capias and bail bond, 10 cents. 

Every continuance of a suit, 10 cents. 

Trial and judgment, 50 cents. 

Entering judgment by confession, or by default, 25 cents. 

Taking special bail, 25 cents. 

Entering satisfaction, 10 cents. 

Entering amicable suit, 20 cents. 

Entry rule to take depositions of witnesses, 10 cents. 

Rule to take depositions of witnesses, 10 cents. 

Interrogatories, for every ten words, 2 cents. 

Entering return of rule, 10 cents. 

Entering rule to refer, 10 cents. 

Rule of reference, 15 cents. 

Notice to each referee, 10 cents. 

Notice to a party in any case, 15 cents. 

Entering a report of a referee, and j udgment thereon, 15 cents. 

Execution, 25 cents. 



SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 211 

Entering return of execution, or stay of plaintiflT, nulla bona, non est 
inventus, or otherwise, 15 cents. 

Entering discontinuance or satisfaction, 10 cents. 

iSci./a., in any case, 30 cents. 

Opening jadguient for re-hearing, 20 cents. 

Return of proceedings in certiorari or appeal, including recognizance, 
50 cents. 

Transcript of judgment, including certificates, 40 cents. 

Receiving amount of judgment before execution, or where execution 
was issued and special bail been entered within twenty days after judg- 
ment, and paying the same over, if not exceeding ten "dollars, 20 cents. 

If above teii dollars, and not exceeding forty dollars, 50 cents. 

If above forty dollars, and not exceeding sixty dollars, 75 cents. 

If above sixty dollars, Zl- 

Entering coinplaint in writing in case of attachment, and qualifying 
complainant, 30 cents. 

Attachment, 30 cents. 

Entering return, and appointing freeholders, 15 cents. 

Advertisements, each 15 cents. 

Order to sell goods, 25 cents. 

Order for the relief of a pauper, each justice, 50 cents. 

Order for the removal of a pauper, ?1. 

Order to seize goods for maintenance of wife or children, 30 cents. 

Order for iDremium for wolf or fox scalps, to be paid by the county, 
15 cents. 

Every acknowledgment or probate of a deed, or other instrument of 
writing, 25 cents. 

Taking and signing acknowledgment on indenture of an apprentice, 
for each indenture, 25 cents. 

Canceling indenture, 25 cents. 

(.!omparing and signing tax duplicate, 50 cents. 

JNIarrj'ing each couple, making record thereof, and certificate to par- 
ties, §3. 

Certificate of approbation of two justices, to binding an apprentice by 
directors or overseers of the poor, 50 cents. 

Certificate to obtain land warrant, 50 cents. 

In proceeding under act of one thousand eight hundred and forty-two, 
and one thousand eight hundred and forty-five, attachment, 40 cents. 

Entering returns, 25 cents. 

Affidavit, 10 cents. 

Bond, 25 cents. 

Entering rule, et cetera, on garnishee, each, 10 cents. 

Interrogatories, every ten words, 2 cents. 

Notice to garnishee, 10 cents. 

Same fee lor services not herein specially provided for as for similar 
services, (a) 

Aldermen and justices of the peace are allowed a fee of 50 cents for a 
commitment to the house of refuge. (&) 

They are also allowed fees for services under the laws of the United 
States, as follows: 

For certificate of protectien, 50 cents. 

For certificate of lost protection, 25 cents. 

For a warrant, 25 cents. 

For commitment, 25 cents. 

Summons for seamen, in admiralty case, 25 cents. 

Hearing thereon, with docket entry, 50 cents. 

Certificate to clerk of district court to issue admiralty process, (c) 25 
cents. 

(a) Act of 1868, §9, P. L. p. U;actof 18G9, (6) Act of 1855, § 1, P. L. p. 283. 
§ 3, P. L. p. 479; act of 1873, § 1, P. L. (c) Act of 1857, § 2. P. L. p. 231 
D. C41. 



212 people's manual. 

They are also allowed for each arrest, hearing, or commitment made 
under act of May 8, 1876, to define and suppress vagrancy, and the sup- 
plement thereto, the sum of 50 cents, (a) 

Section 63. Their fees in the counties of Allegheny, Berks, Delaware, 
and Philadelphia, are as follows : 

For information or complaint on behalf of the Commonwealth, 30 cents. 

Docket entry of action on behalf of the Commonwealth, 25 cents. 

Warrant, mittimus or capias, on behalf of the Commonwealth, 50 
cents. 

Writing an examination or confession of defendant, 50 cents. 

Hearing in criminal cases, 50 cents. 

Administering oath or affidavit in criminal or civil cases, 10 cents. 

Taking recognizance in criminai case, 30 cents. 

Transcript in criminal case, including certificate, 50 cents. 

Entering j udgment on conviction for tine, 50 cents. 

Recording conviction, 25 cents. 

Warrant to levy flue or forfeiture, 30 cents. 

Bail piece and return su2?ersedeas, 30 cents. 

Discharge to jailor, 35 cents. 

Entering discontinuance in case of an assault and battery, 50 cents. 

Entering complaint of master, mistress, or apprentice, 30 cents. 

Notice to master, mistress, or apprentice, 25 cents. 

Hearing parties, 50 cents. 

Holding inquisition under landlord and tenant act, or in case of foroi- 
ble entry, each day, each justice, $2. 

Process, et cetera, to sheriff, each justice, 75 cents. 

Recording proceedings, each justice, ?1 50. 

Writ of restitution, eacli justice, 75 cents. 

Warrant to appraise damages, 30 cents. 

Warrant to sell strays, 30 cents. 

Warrant to appraise swine, 35 cents. 

Receiving and entering return of appraisement of swine, 25 cents. 

Publishing proceedings of apijraisers of swine, 75 cents. 

Entering action in civil case, 25 cents. 

Summons or subpoena, 25 cents. 

Capias in civil case, 50 cents. 

Every additional name after the first, all witnesses names to be in one 
subpoc7ia, unless separate sub2Jcenas be requested by the parties, 10 cents, 

/Subpoena duces tecum, 25 cents. 

Entering return of summons, 25 cents. 

Entering capias and bail bond, 25 cents. 

Every continuance of a suit, 20 cents. 

Trial and judgment in case, 50 cents. 

Taking bail or plea of freehold, 25 cents. 

Entering satisfaction, 15 cents. 

Entering discontinuance of suit, 15 cents. 

Entering amicable suit, 50 cents. 

Entering rule to take deposition of witnesses, 15 cents. 

Rule to take depositions, 25 cents. 

Interrogatories annexed to rule to take depositions, 25 cents. 

Entering return of rule in any case, 15 cents. 

Entering rule to refer, 15 cents. 

Rule of reference, 25 cents. 

Notice to each referee, 25 cents. 

Entering report of referees and judgment thereon, 30 cents. 

Written notice in any case, 25 cents. 

Execution, 30 cents. 

Entering return of execution, 15 cents. 

iScire facias in any case, 35 cents. 

Opening judgment for a re-hearing, 25 cents. 

(a) Act of 1878, § 2, P. L. p. 41. 



SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 213 

Transcript of judgment and. certificate, 50 cents. 

Ileturn of proceedings on certiorari or appeal, inclnding recogni- 
zances, §1. 

Receiving tlie amount of a judgment and pajdng tlie same over, if not 
exceeding ten dollars, 25 cents. 

If exceeding ten, and not exceeding thirty dollars, 35 cents. 

If exceeding thirty dollars, 65 cents. 

Every search service to which no :ees are attached, 20 cents. 

Affidavit in case of attachment, 30 cents. 

Entering action in case of attachment, 25 cents. 

Attachment in any case, 35 cents. 

Recognizance, 50 cents. 

Interi'ogatories. 35 cents. 

Ru'^e on garnishee, 25 cents. 

Return of rule on garnishee, 25 cents. 

Bond in case of attachment, 50 cents. 

Enteiing return, and appointing freeholders, 25 cents. 

Advertisement, each, 25 cents. 

Order to sell goods, 3 "J cents. 

Order for the relief of a pauper. 30 cents. 

Entering transcript of judgment from another justice or alderman, 50 
cents. 

Order for the removal of a pauper, each justice or alderman, 5?1. 

Order to seize goods for the maintenance of wife and children, 50 
cents. 

Order for premium for wolf, fox, or other scalps, to be paid by the 
county, 25 cents. 

Every acknowledgement or probate of deed, or other instrument of 
writing, for first name, 50 cents. 

Each additional name after the first, 25 cents, 

Taking and signing acknowledgment of indenture of an apprentice, 
50 cents. 

Assignment and making record of indenture, £0 cents. 

Canceling indenture, 50 cents. 

Comparing and signing tax duplicates, each alderman, 75 cents. 

Marr3'ing each couple, making record thereof, and certificates to the 
parties, §5. 

Certificate of approbation of two justices to the binding, as apprentice, 
of a person by the directors of the poor, each justice, 35 cents. 

Certificate to obtain land warrant, 75 cents. 

Swearing or affirming county commissioner, assessor, director of the 
poor, or other township officer or county officer, and certificate, 50 cents. 

Administering oaths or affirmations in any case not herein x^rovided 
for, 25 cents. 

Justifying parties on bonds for tavern licenses, %1. 

Entering complaint in landlord and tenant proceedings, act 1S30, 25 
cents. 

Issuing process in landlord and tenant proceedings, act 1830, 25 cents. 

Hearing and determining case in landlord and tenant proceedings, agt 
1830, 50 cents. 

Record of proceedings in landlord and tenant proceedings, act 1830, 
50 cents. 

Writ of possession (and return) in landlord and tenant proceedings, 
act of 1830, 50 cents. 

"When more than one magistrate is required in landlord and tenant 
proceedings, the above fees shall be charged by each magistrate. 

Entering complaint in landlord and tenant proceedings, act 1863, 75 
cents. 

Issuing process in landlord and tenant proceedings, act 1863, 75 cents. 

Hearing and determining case, act 1863, $1. 

Record of proceedings, act 1863, §1 50. 

Issuing writ of restitution, (and return,) act of 1863, $1, 



2~A people's manual. 

And their fees for services under the laws of the United States, are 
tlie same as in other counties. («) 

Section Gi. In Venango county, tlieir fees are as follows : 

Information or complaint, on behalf of the Commonwealth, for every 
ten words, 5 cents. 

Docket entry in criminal or civil cases, 30 cents. 

Warrant or mittimus on behalf of the Commonwealth, 60 cents. 

Administering an oath or affirmation, 15 cents. 

Taking afiddavit in any case, 25 cents. 

Taking recognizance, 50 cents. 

Returning recognizances to court, 50 cents. 

Bail piece, and return, 50 cents. 

Supersedeas, 30 cents. 

Discharge to jailor, 50 cents. 

Entering discontmuance in criminal cases, 60 cents. 

Selecting jury of six and issuing ve?iire, f 1. 

Jury trial before magistrate, civil or criminal, $2. 

Hearing^in criminal cases, 75 cents. 

Capias, 50 cents. 

Summons, 40 cents. 

Subpoena, 30 cents. 
. Every additional name after the first on capias, summons, or subpoe- 
na, 10 cents. 

Entering return of summons or capias and oath of constable, 20 cents. 

Taldng bail for stay of execution, 30 cents. 

Every continuance of suit, 20 cents. 

Discontinuance, 30 cents. 

Trial and judgment, 75 cents. 

Judgment by confession or deiault, 40 cents. 

Entering satisfaction, 20 cents. 

Entering rule to refer, 20 cents. 

Rule of reference, 25 cents. 

Notice to each referee, or to a party in any case, 25 cents. 

Taking bail or apjjeal, 30 cents. 

Transcript and certificate in any civil or criminal case, 75 cents. 

Execution and return, 50 cents. 

Sci.fa. in any case, 50 cents. 

Opening judgment for re-hearing, 30 cents. 

Receiving amount of judgment before execution, or where execution 
was issued, or where execution was suspended, or bail entered, if not 
exceeding ten dollars, 30 cents. 

If above ten dollars and not exceeding forty dollars, 50 cents. 

If above forty dollars, and not exceeding seventy dollars, 75 cents. 

If above seventy dollars, and not exceeding one hundred dollars, $1. 

If above one handred dollars, $1 50. 

Affidavit in case of attachment, 50 cents. 

Attachment against fraudulent debtor, 50 cents. 

Bond in case of attachment, 75 cents. 

■ Attachment in execution, 50 cents. 

Interi'ogatories in attachment in execution, 40 cents. 

Rule on garnishee, 30 cents. 

Notice to garnishee, 20 cents. 

Every acknowledgment or probate of deed or other instrument of 
writing, 50 cents. 

Every additional name after the first, 25 cents. 

Fees for writs and services not specified to be the same as in all the 
other counties of the Commonwealth, except Allegheny, Berks, Dela- 
ware, Philadelphia, and Washington. (6) 

(a) Act of 1865, § 1 and 2, P. L. p. 92; act (6) Act of 1873, § 2 and 4, P. L. p. 423. 
of 1865, § I, P. L. p. 467; act of 1868, 
§ 1, P. L. p. 541; act of 1869, b 1, P. L. 
p. 460. 



SALARIES AND FEES OP OFFICERS. 215 

Section G5. In Washington county the fees are as follows : 

Information or complaint on behalf of the Commonwealth, for every 
ten words, Li cents. 

Docket entry on behalf of the Commonwealth, 20 cents. 

Warrant or mittimus on behalf of the Commonwealth, 40 cents. 

Writing- an examination on complaint of defendant, or a dei^osition, 
for every ten words, l3 cents. 

Administering oath or affirmation, JO cents. 

Taking recognizance in any criminal case, and returning the same to 
court, 50 cents. 

Entering judgment on conviction for tine, 20 cents. 

Recording conviction or copy thereof, for every ten words, 2 cents. 

AVarraut to levy fine or forfeiture, 40 cents. 

Bail piece and retm-n, or supersedeas, 25 cents. 

Discharge to jailor, 25 cents. 

Entering discontinuance in case of assault and batterj', 40 cents. 

Entering complaint of master, mistress, or apprentice, 20 cents. 

Notice to master, misti-ess, or apprentice, 25 cents. 

Hearing parties, and discharging complaint, 40 cents. 

Holding inquisition under landlord and tenant act, or in case of forci- 
ble entrj', each day, $2. 

Precept to sheriif, 50 cents. 

Recordmg ]3r0Geedings, §1. 

Writ of restitution, 50 cents. 

Warrant to appraise damages, 40 cents. 

Warrant to sell strays, 50 cents. 

Warrant to appraise swine, entering return, advertising, et cetera, $1 50. 

Entering action in civil case, 20 cents. 

Summons, capias, or subpOBua, each, 20 cents. 

Every additional name, after the first, 5 cents. 

Subpoena duce tecum, 25 cents. 

Entering return of summons, and qualifying constables, 15 cents. 

Entering capias and bail bond 10 cents. 

Every continuance of a suit, ID cents. 

Trial and judgment, 50 cents. 

Entermg judgment by confession or by default, 25 cents. 

Taking special bail, 25 cents. 

Entering satisfaction, 10 cents. 

Entering amicable suit, 20 cents. 

Entrjr rule to take depositions of witnesses, 10 cents. 

Rule' to take depositions of witnesses, 10 cents. 

Judgment, for every ten words, 2 cents. 

Entering return of rule, 10 cents. 

Entering rule to refer, 10 cents. 

Rule of reference, 15 cents. 

Notice to each referee, 10 cents. 

Notice to a party in any case, 15 cents. 

Entering a report of a referee, and judgment thereon, 15 cents. 

Execution, 25 cents. 

Entering return of execution or stay of plaintifif, nulla bona, non est 
inventus, or otherwise, 15 cents. 

Entering discontinuance or satisfaction, 10 cents. 

Sci. fa., in any case, 30 cents. 

Opening judgment for a re-hearing, 20 cents. 

Return of i)roceedings in certiorari or appeal, including recognizance, 
50 cents. 

Transcript of judgment, including certificates, 40 cents. 

Receiving amount of judgment^ before execution, or Avhere execution 
was issued, and special "bail been'entered within twenty days after judg- 
ment, and iDaying the same over, if not exceeding ten dollars, 20 cents. 

If above ten dollars, and not exceeding forty dollars, 50 cents. 

If above forty dollars, and not exceeding sixty dollars, 75 cents. 



216 people's manual. 

If above sixty dollars, f 1. 

Every search, when no other service is rendered to which any fee or 
fees are attached, 15 cents. 

Entering comjilaint in writing in case of attachment, and qualifying 
complainant, 30 cents. 

Attachment, 30 cents. 

Entering return, and appointing freeholders, 15 cents. 

Advertisements, each 15 cents. 

Order to sell goods, 25 cents. 

Order for the relief of a pauper, each justice, 40 cents. 

Order for the removal of a pauper, $1.' 

Order to seize goods for maintenance of wife or children, 30 cents. 

Order for premium for wolf or fox scalps, to be paid by the county, 
15 cents. 

P^very acknowledgment or probate of a deed, or other instrument of 
Writing, 25 cents. 

Taking and signing acknowledgment on indenture of an aiiprentice, 
for each indenture, 25 cents. 

Canceling indenture, 25 cents. 

Comparing and signing tax duplicate, 50 cents. 

Marrying each coui^le, making record thereof, and certificate to par- 
ties, ?3. 

Certificate of approbation of two justices, to binding an apprentice by 
directors or overseers of the poor, 50 cents. 

Certificate to obtain land warrant, 50 cents. 

Swearing or affirming county commissioners, assessors, et cetera, 25 
cents, (a) 

Section 66. The fees of aldermen in the city of Harrisburg, are as 
follows : 

Information or complaint on behalf of the Commonwealth, for every 
ten words, 1 cent. 

Docket entry on behalf of the Commonwealth, 12| cents. 

Warrant or mittimus on belialf of the Commonwealth, 25 cents. 

Writing an examination on comiolaint of defendant, or a deposition, 
for every ten words. 1 cent. 

Administering oath or affirmation, 6 cents. 

Taking recognizance in any criminal case, and returning the same to 
court, 20 cents. 

Entering judgment on conviction for fine, 12^ cents. 

Recording conviction or copy tliereof, for every ten w^ords, 1 cent. 

Warrant to levy, fine, or forfeiture, 25 cents. 

Bail piece and return, or supersedeas, 19 cents. 

Discharge to jailor, 19 cents. 

Entering disconti/mance in case of assault and battery, 25 cents. 

Entering complamt of master, mistress, or apprentice, 12| cents. 

Notice to master, mistress, or apprentice, 19 cents. 

Hearing parties, and discliai-ging complaint, 25 cents. 

Holding inquisition under landlord and tenant act, or in case of forci- 
ble entry, each day, ijpl 50. 

Precept to sheritf, 50 cents. 

Recording proceedings, $1. 

Writ of restitution, 50 cents. 

Warrant to appraise damages, 25 cents. 
~ Warrant to sell strays, 25 cents. 

Warrant to appraise swine, entering return, advertising, et cetera, $1. 

Entering action in civil case, 12^ cents. 

Summons, capias or subpoena, each, 12^ cents/ 

Every additional name, after the first, 3 cents. 

Subpoena duce tecum, 19 cents. 

Entering return of summons, and qualifying constables, 12| cents. 

(a) Act of 1865, § 1, p. L. p. 431. 



SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 217 

All witnesses names to be put in one subpoena, unless separate sub- 
poenas shall bo required by the party. 

Entering capias and bail bond, G cents. 

Every continuance of a suit, G cents. 

Trial'and j udgincut, 25 cents. 

Entering judgment by coulession, 12i cents. 

Taking special bail, l'J| cents. 

Entering satisfaction, 6" cents. 

Entering amicable suit, 12^ cents. 

Entry rule to take depositions of witnesses, 6 cents. 

Rule to take depositions, 12| cents. 

Interrogatories, for every te^n words, 1 cent- 
Entering return of rule, G cents. 

Entering rule to refer, 12| cents. 

Rule of reference, 12-i cents. 

Notice to each referee", 6 cents. 

Notice to a party in any case, 12 1 cents. 

Entering a report of a referee, and j udgment thereon, 12-^ cents. 

Execution, 19 cents. 

Entering return of execution, or stay of plaintiff, nulla bona, non est 
inv antics, or otherwise, 12| cents. 

Entering discontinuance or satisfaction, 6 cents, 

Sci.fa., in any case, 25 cents. 

Opening judg'nient for re-hearing, 12i cents. 

Return of proceedings in certiorari or appeal, including recognizance, 
50 cents. 

Transcript of judgment, including certificates, 25 cents. 

Receivmg amount of judgment before execution, or where execution 
was issued and special bail "been entered within twenty daj^s after judg- 
ment, and paying the same over, if not exceeding ten dollars, 12], cents. 

If above ten dollars, and not exceeding forty dollars, 25 cents. 

If above forty dollars, 374 cents. 

Every search where no other service is rendered, to which any fee or 
fees are attached, 12 i cents. 

Entering comjilaint in writing in case of attachment, and qualifying 
comi)lainant, 19 cents. 

Attachment, 25 cents. 

Entering return, and appointing freeholders, 12* cents. 

Advertisements, each 12^ cents. 

Order to sell goods, 19 ce'nts. 

Order for the relief of a pauper, 25 cents. 

Order for the removal of a pauper, $1. 

Order to seize goods for maintainance of wife or children, 25 cents. 

Order for premium tor wolf or fox scalps, to be i^aid by the county, 
12 1 cents. 

Every acknowledgment or probate of a deed, or other instrument of 
writing, 25 cents. 

Taking and signing acknowledgment on indenture of an aj^prentice, 
for each indenture, 25 cents. 

Assignment and making record of indenture, 25 cents. 

Canceling indenture, 12 1 cents. 

Comparing and signing tax duplicate, 50 cents. 

Marrying each couple, making record thereof, and certificate to par- 
ties, $2. 

Certificate of approbation of two justices, to binding an apprentice 
by directors or overseers of the poor, 50 cents. 

Cei'tificate to obtain land Avari-ant, 50 cents. 

Swearing or affirming county commissioner, assessor, or other town- 
ship ofiicer, and certificate thereof,to be paid by the county, 25 cents. 

Their fees for services under the laws of the United States, are as fol- 
lows : 

For a certificate of protection, 50 cents. 



218 PEOPLK'S MANUAL. 

Certificate of lost protection, 25 cents. 

A warrant, 25 cents. 

Commitment 25 cents. 

Summons for seamen in an admiralty case, 25 cents. 

Hearing thereon, with docket entry, 50 cents. 

Certificate to clerk of district court to issue admiralty process, (a) 25 
cents. 

Constables. 

Section 67. The fees to be received by constables in all the counties 
of the Commonwealth, except Allegheny, Berks, Delaware, Philadel- 
phia, Venango, and Washington, are as follows, viz : 

Executing warrant on behalf of the Commonwealth, for each defend- 
ant, 60 cents. Conveying to jail on mittimus or warrant, for each de- 
fendant, 50 cents. 

Arresting a disordeiiy person or other offender against the law, (with- 
out process,) and bringing before a justice, 50 cents. 

Levying a fine or forfeiture on a wan-ant, 30 cents. 

Taking the body into custody on mittimus, where bail is afterwards 
entered before the prisoner is delivered to the jailor, 50 cents. 

Serving subpoena, 15 cents. 

Serving summons or notice on referee, suitor, master, mistress or ap- 
prentice, i^ersonally or by copy, each 20 cents. 

Arresting on capias, 50 cents. 

Taking bail bond on capias, or for delivery of goods, 20 cents. 

Notifying plaintiff, wiiere defendant has been arrested on capias, to 
be paid by plaintiff, 20 cents. 

Executing landlord's warrant, or serving execution, 50 cents. 

Taking inventory of goods, each item, 2 cents. 

Levying or distraining goods, or selling the same, for each dollar not 
exceeding thirty dollars, G cents. 

For each dollar above tiiu-ty dollars, 4 cents ; and half of the commis- 
sion sliall be allowed where the money is paid after levy without sale ; 
but no commission shall, in any case, be taken on more than the real 
debt. 

Advertising the same, 50 cents. 

Executing attachment, 35 cents. 

Copy of vendue paper, when demanded, each item, 2 cents. 

Putting \ip notices of distress, at mansion-house or other public place 
on the premises, 20 cents. 

Serving scire facias personally, 20 cents. 

Serving by leaving a copy, 20 cents. 

Executing a bail piece, 80 cejits. 

Traveling exjjenses, in all cases, for each mile, circular, 6 cents. 

Making returns to court, $1 50. 

Attending general elections, $2. 

Attending special townsliip, ward, or borough election, %Z. 

Same fees for services not herein specially provided for as for similar 
services. (6)* 

Their fee in all counties for the arrest and commitment of vagrants is 
50 cents in each case, and mileage when the arrest is made more than 
one mile from the prison or place where the vagrant or vagrants are 
committed, (c) 

* In Purdon's Digest, edition of 1872, page 685, the following fees of constables ap- 
pear, viz : " For appraisement and all other services, under exemption act of April9, 
3849, fl; for serving precept and returning same in landlord and tenant proceedings, 
25 cents; executing writ of possession and returning the same, 50 cents; when the rent 
shall be received from the lessee by the constable, such commission as is now allowed 
bylaw on writs of execution, " The foregoing provisions are embodied in act of April 
18, 1857, P. L. p. 232. 

(a) Act of 1875, § 1, P. L. p. 68; act of 1814, (c) Act of 1878, § 1, P. L. p. 41. 
i; 14, P. L. p. 359. 

(&) Act of 1868, § 11, P. Ti. p. 13; act of 1869, § 3, P. L. p. 479; act of 1873, § 1, P. L. 
p. 641; act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 525. 



SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFICEKS. 219 

Constables are allowed and paid, out of the county treasury, $2 for ad- 
vertising ward, township, district, and borough elections, and 20 cents 
for delivering to each township or borough officer a certificate of his 
election, (a) 

In all counties, except Philadelphia, their fees for the following ser- 
vices are, for making returns to the court of quarter sessions, 50 cents 
each for one day, (except in the county of Berks, where it is 75 cents,) 
and mileage at the rate of 3 cents per mile, circular, from residence of 
constablelo county seat, to be paid by the county. C6) 

They are allowed tlie following fees on commitments to the House of 
Refuge, to be paid by the county : 

For arresting the person committed, 50 cents. 

For delivering the person committed, pursuant to such commitment, 
to the proper house of refuge, SI, with mileage at the rate of 5 cents, 
circular, for all distances traveled exceeding seven (c) circular miles. 

Sectiom 68. The fees in Allegheny, Berks, Delaware, and Philadel- 
phia counties are as follows : 

For executing warrant on behalf of the Commonwealth, $1. 

For taking body into custodj^, or conveying to jail on TnittiTnus, or 
warrant, §1. 

For arresting a disorderly person or other offenders against the laws 
(without process) and bringing before a justice, 75 cents. 

For levying a fine or forfeiture on a warrant, 50 cents. 

For serving subpoena, 50 cents, except in the county of Berks, where 
they receive Out 15 cents. 

For taking the body into custody on onittimus, where bail is afterwards 
entered before the prisoner is delivered to the jailor, ^1. 

For serving summons, notice on referee, suitor, master or mistress, or 
apprentice, personally, each, 50 cents. 

For serving by leaving a copy, 50 cents. 

For executing attachment personally, 50 cents. 

For arresting on capias, $1. 

For taking bail bond on capias, or for delivery of goods, 50 cents. 

For notifying plaintift" where defendant has been arrested on capias, 
to be paid by plaiiitilT, 25 cents. 

For executing landlord's warrant, 50 cents. 

For taking inventory of goods, (each item,) 2 cents. 

For le^'ying or destraining goods, and selling the same, for each one 
dollar not exceeding one hundred dollars, 3 cents. 

For each one dollar above one hundred dollars, 2 cents, except in the 
county of Berks, where they are entitled to receive and take, for each 
dollar not exceeding thirty dollars, 10 cents, and for every one dollar 
over thirty dollars, 15 cents. 

And one half of said commission shall be allowed where the money 
is paid after levy, without sale ; but no commLssion shall in any case be 
taken on more than the real debt, and then only for the money actually'- 
received by the constable, and paid over to the creditor. 

For advertising same, $1, except in county of Berks, where they are 
entitled to 50 cents only. 

For copy of vendue paper, when demanded, (each item,) 2 cents. 

For putting up notice of distress at mansion-house or at any other 
place on the premises, 25 cents. 

For serving scire facias personally, 50 cents. 

For serving by leaving copy, 50 cents. 

For executing bail piece, ^1. 

For traveling expenses on execution returned nulla bona and non est 
inventus, where the constable has been at the defendant's last residence, 

(a) Act of 1840, § 11, P. L. p. 687; act of (e) Act of 1855, § 1, P. L. p. 283. 

1851, § 14. P. L,. T). 325. 
(J) Act of 1857, § 3, P. L. p. 232; act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 131. 



220 people's manual. 

each mile cii-cular, 10 cents, except in county of Berks, wliere they get 
but 6 cents. 

For traveling expenses in all other cases, each mile circular, 10 cents, 
except in county of Berks, where they get but 6 cents. 

For executing order for the removal of a pauper, 75 cents. 

For traveling expenses in said removal, each mile circular, 15 cents. 

For serving execution, 50 cents. 

For serving execution on writ of restitution, $2. 

For serving execution on writ of possession, $2. 

For serving summons in landlord and tenant proceedings, 11. 

For serving notice in landlord and tenant proceedings, 50 cents. 

For talcing inventory of goods on execution, each item, 2 cents. 

For serving search warrant, $1. 

For serving capias execution, ^1. 

Constables and appraisers, personally, on appraisement, each, (a) $1. 

And in the city and county of Philadelphia alone, their fees, for the 
following services, are : 

For watchman, to be charged by the defendant on execution or distress 
for rent, per day, $3. 

For collection of rent by distress or otherwise, to be charged to the 
landlord, apart from the commissions allowed by law, 5 per cent, on the 
amount actually collected. 

For levying goods, and selling the same on execution, for each dollar, 
5 cents. 

For each adjournment of sale, under execution or distress for rent, |1, 
and costs for advertising such adjourned sale. (6) 

In Columbia county, the compensation allowed them for attending 
special, township, ward, and borough elections, includes advertising, (c) 

In Indiana county, they are allowed mileage for attending court only 
for the number of miles actually traveled, and no one traveling by rail- 
road is entitled to claim from the county mileage for more than twenty- 
five miles, (d) 

Section 69. In Venango county, their fees are as follows, viz : 

Executing warrant on behalf of the Commonwealth, for each defend- 
ant, 11. 

Conveying to jail on mittimus, for each defendant, %1. 

Arresting offender against the laws, and bringing before magistrate, 
75 cents. 

Levying a fine or forfeiture on a warrant, 30 cents. 

Taking the body into custody on mittimus, where bail is afterwards 
entered before the prisoner is delivered to the jailor, 50 cents. 

Serving subpoena, each person, 20 cents. 

Serving notice on referee, suitor, master, mistress, or apprentice, per- 
sonally or by copy, each 20 cents. 

Arresting on capias, each defendant, 50 cents. 

Taking bail bond on capias, or for delivery of goods, 40 cents. 

Notifying plaintiff, where defendant has been arrested on capias, to be 
paid by plaintiff, 30 cents. 

Executing landlord's warrant, or serving execution, 60 cents. 

Taking inventory of goods, each item, 4 cents. 

Levying or distraining goods, or selling the same, for each dollar not 
exceeding thirty dollars, six cents. 

For each dollar above thirty dollars, 4 cents ; and half of the commis- 
sion shall be allowed where the money is paid after levy without sale ; 
but no commission shall, in any case, be taken on more than the real 
debt. 

Advertising the same, 75 cents. 

Executing attachment, f 1. 

(a) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 94; act of 1867, (b) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 772. 

§ 1, P. L. p. 873; of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. (c) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 525. 

180; of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 460; and of (d) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 77 
1872, § 1, P. L. p. 562. 



SAIiABIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 221 

Copv of vendue paper, when demanded, each item, 2 cents. 

Puttmg up notices of distress, at mansion house or other public places 
on the premises, 20 cents. 

Serving scire facias personally, 50 cents. 

Serving by leaving a copy, 50 cents. 

Executing a bail piece, 50 cents. 

Serving summons either personally or by copy, 50 cents. 

Traveling expenses, in all cases, for each mile, circular, six cents. 

Maldng returns to court, %1. 

Attending general elections, §2. 

Attending special township, ward, or borough election, ^3. 

Same fees for services not herein specially provided for as for similar 
services, (a) 

Section 70. In Washington county, their fees are as follows : 

Executing warrant on behalf of the Commonwealth, 50 cents. 

Conve.^-ing to jail on mittimus or warrant, 50 cents. 

Arresting^ disorderly person or other offender against the law, and 
bringing before a justice, 50 cents. 

Le%^ing a fine or forfeiture on a warrant, 30 cents. 

Taking the body into custody on mittimus, where bail is afterwards 
entered before the prisoner is delivered to the jailor, 50 cents. 

Serving subpoena, 15 cents. 

Serving summons or notice on referee, suitor, master, mistress, or 
ax^prentices, personally or by copy, each 20 cents. 

Arresting on capias, 35 cents. 

■Taking bail bond on cai^ias, or delivery of goods, 20 cents. 

Notifying plaintiff, where defendant has been arrested on capias, to 
be paid \)j plaintiff", 20 cents. 

Executing landlord's warrant, or serving execution, 50 cents. 

Talking inventory of goods, each item, 2 cents. 

Levying or distraining goods, or selling the same, for each dollar not 
exceeding thirty dollars, 6 cents. 

For each dollar above thirty dollars, 4 cents ; and half of the commis- 
sion shall be allowed where the money is paid after levy without sale ; 
but no commission shall, in any case, be taken on more than the real debt. 

Advertising the same, 50 cents. 

Executing attachment, 35 cents. 

CoiDy of vendue paper, when demanded, each item, 2 cents. 

Putting uj? notices of distress, at mansion-house or other public place 
on the premises, 15 cents. 

Serving scire facias personally, 20 cents. 

Serving by leaving a copy, 20 cents. 

Executing a bail piece, 30 cents. 

Serving rule and interrogatories in attachments execution, 20 cents. 

Traveling expenses, in all cases, for each mile, circular, 6 cents. 

Making returns to court, 60 cents for each onfe day. 

Mileage for same, counting from residence to coui't-house, to be paid 
by the county, 3 cents per mile circular. 

For appraisement and all other services under exemption act of April 
9, 1849, 5J1. 

For serving precept and returning same in landlord and tenant pro- 
ceedings, 25 cents. 

Executing writ of profession and returning same, 50 cents. 

When the rent is received from the lessee by the constable, such com- 
mission as is allowed by law on Avrits of execution. (6) 

Section 71. In Harrisburg city, their fees are as follows : 

Executing warrant on behalf of the Commonwealth, 37i cents. 

Conveying to jail on mittimus or warrant, 37 1 cents. 

Arresting a disorderly person or other offender against the law, (with- 
out process,) and bringing beibre a justice, 37^ cents. 

(a) Act of 1873, § 3, P. L. p. 424; act of (6) Act of 1865, § 1 and 2, P. L. p. 436; act 
1868, § 11, P. L. p. 13. of 1857, § 3, T. I^. p. 231. 



222 PEOPIjE'S MANUAIi. 

Levying a JSne or forfeiture on a warrant, 25 cents. 

Taking the body into custody on mittimus, where bail is afterward 
entered before the prisoner is delivered to the jailor, 25 cents. 

Serving subpoena, 12| cents. 

Serving summons or notice on referee, suitor, master, mistress, or ap- 
prentice, personally or by copj, each 12^ cents. 

Arresting on capias, 25 cents. 

Taking bail bond on capias, or for delivery of goods, 12| cents. 

Notifying plaintiff, where defendant has been arrested on capias, to 
be paid by plaintiff, 12> cents. 

Executing landlord's' warrant, or serving execution, 25 cents. 

Taking inventory of goods, each item, 1 cent. 

Leyv'ing or distraining goods, or selling the same, for each dollar not 
exceeding thirty dollars , 6 cents. 

For each dollar above thirty dollars, four cents; and half of the com- 
mission shall be allowed where the money is paid after levy, without 
sale : but no commission shall, in any case, be taken on more than the 
real debt. 

Advertising the same, 37^ cents. 

Executing attaclnnent, 25 cents. 

Copy of vendue paper, when demanded, each item, 1 cent. 

Putting up notices of distress at mansion-house or other public place 
on the premises, 12{ cents. 

Serving scire facias personally, 12| cents. 

Serving by leaving a copy, 12i cents. 

Executing a bail piece, 25 cents. 

Traveling expenses on an execution returned nulla bona and non est 
inventus, where the constable has been at the place of defendant's last 
residence , each mile circular, 3 cents. 

Executing order for removal of a pauper, 50 cents. 

Traveling expenses in said removing, each mile circular, 10 cents. 

Traveling expenses, in all other cases, each mile circular, 3 cents, (a) 

Surgeons, for Post Mortem Examinations at Inquests. 

Section 72. The tee to be received by a physician or surgeon, from 
the county, for making a, post mortem examination, at the request of the 
coroner or justice of the peace holdmg an inquest, in the following coun- 
ties, is ?10, unless the county commissioners are of the opinion his ser- 
vices deserve more, when it may be increased bj' them to such an amount 
as they may thiuk just, viz: Lancaster, (6) Armstrong, (c) Blair, (d) 
Bucks, (e) Indiana, (/) Montgomery, (e) and Washington. (r;) 

In Allegheny county, his fees are as follows, viz : For superficial ex- 
amination, $10; for any cutting done before decomposition has com- 
menced, $20 ; and for any cutting done after decomposition has com- 
menced, 110. (A) 

In Butler and Mercer counties, his fee is not to exceed $10, unless in- 
creased by the county commissioners, (i) 

In Northampton county, his fee is $15, unless increased by the county 
commissioners. ( j) 

Supervisors. 

Section 73. Each supervisor is allowed, in the settlement of his ac- 
counts, a sum not exceeding $1 per day for each day necessarily em- 
ployed in the discharge of his official duties. (A:) 

In the township of Lattimore, Adams county, they are allowed $1 50 
per day. (^) 

(a) Act of 1875, H 1, P. L. p. 68 ; act of <.g) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 677. 

1814, § 15, P. L. p. 361. (A) Act of lSa6, § 1, P. L. p. 603. 

(6) Act of 1843, ? 1, P. L. p. 29. (i) Act of 1834, § 1, P. L. p. 60, and act of 

(c) Act of 18G1, S 1, P. r^. p. 437. 1666. § 1, P. L. p. 6. 

(d) Act of 1853, § 4, P. L. p. 453. (,;) Act of 1856, § 1, P. L. p. 461. 

(e) Act of 1860, § 1, P. L. p. 167. (k) Act of 1834, § 93, P. L. p. 554. 
(/) Act of 1857, § 1, P. L. p. 88. (Z) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 1051. 



SALARIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 223 

In Allegheny county they are allo-wed ?1 50 per day, (a) except in 
Collins township, -where they are allowed §2 per day; (6) in Elizabeth 
to-\\Tiship, where they receive ?2 per day ;(c') Kilbuck township, where 
the board are allowed 5^5 per ,vear lor their services : (d) Lincoln to^vn- 
ship, where they are allowed ?2 50 per day for thne spent in working on 
the roads ;(t;) Moon townsliiji, where the board are allowed $25 per year 
for their services ; (/) Penn township, where they are allowed $2"^ per 
day ;(.7) Scott township, where they are allowed $1 50 per day,(/«) and 
Upper St. Clair township, Avhere they are allowed §2 per day, except 
for collecting road tax, for which they are allowed 5 cents out of every 
dollar collected and jxiid out by them, (i) 

In Armstrong county they are allowed §2 per day,( j) except in the 
townships of Kiskiminitas and South BufiFalo, where they are allowed 
butSl oOper day.(/.) 

In Beaver county they are allowed $2 pT3r day, (?) except Darlington 
township, where theyare allowed the compensation fixed bj^ general law, 
and Big Beaver township, where they are allowed but §1 50 per day. (?«) 

In the townships of Broad Top and Hopewell, Bedford countj^, they 
are allowed Z-2 per day. (>i) 

In Berks county they are allowed $1 50 per day. (o) 

Blair countj" : In the townships of Allegheny, Logan, Antis, and Sny- 
der, they are allowed compensation as follows, viz: 

In Allegheny, Antis, and Snyder township, $1 50 per day, also 5 per 
centum on the actual amount of taxes collected and worked out, to be 
in lieu of the per diem pay for time spent in notifying hands to work on 
roads, (p> and in Logan township the township auditors are authorized 
to allow them, in the settlement of their accounts, any sum not exceed- 
ing §2 per day. (q) 

in Bucks county they are allowed 50 cents per day over and above the 
regalar wages paid day laborers employed on the roads, (r) 

In Butler county they are allowed such sum, not exceeding $1 50 per 
day, as fixed hy the towniship auditors (.s) 

In Carbon county they are allowed §1 50 per day,(i!) 

In Chester county they are allowed $1 50 per day. (m) 

In Clarion county they are allowed ^2 per day.(w) 

In Clearfield county they are allowed §2 per day. (iv) 

In the townships of Catawissa and Conyingham, Columbia county, 
they are alloAved compensation as follows, viz : $1 50 per day in Cata- 
wissa township, (x) and in Conyhagham township a sum not exceeding 
§2 per day, to be fixed by the tawnship auditors, (y) 

In Crawford county they are allowed comj)ensation not exceeding 
$1 50 per day. (2) 

In Cumberland county they are allowed ??1 50 per day.(aa) 

In Wiconisco township, Dauphm. county, they are allowed ?50 for 
services. (66) 

In Delaware county they are allowed $1 50 per day for each and every 
day's work on the public roads, (cc) 

in Elk county they are allowed $2 per day. (dd) 

(a) Act of 1SS4, § 2, P. L. p. 863. (p) Act of 1865, § 1 and 2, P. L. p. 654; act 
(S) Act of 1837, § 2, P. ]j. p. 896. of 1868, § 1, P. I>. p. 601. 

(e) Act of 1871, § 5, P. L. p. 564. (q) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 675 

(d) Act of 1870, § 3, P. L. p. 644. (r) Ibid., p. 613. 

(e) Act of 1873, S 1, P. L. p. 746. (S) Ibid., p. 684. 
(/) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 10 8. (t1 Ibid., p. 1102. 

(ff) Act of 1869, §8, P. L., p. 422. (W; Act of 1863, §1, P. L- P- 246. 

(/i) Ibid., § 1, p. 308. (V) Act of 1873, § 4, P. L. p. 453. 

(I) Act of 1873, ? 1, P. L. p. 159. (w) Act of 1872, §1, P. T.. p. 499. 

(.7 ) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 635. (x) Act of 1808, § 1, P. L. p. 744. 

(A:) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 406; act of 1871, (y) Act of 1839, § 3, P. h. p. 847. 

§ 11, P. Ij. p. 1131. ■ (z) Act of 1866, §2, P. L. p. 208. 

(?) Act of 1S70. § 1, P. L. p. 354. (aa) Act of 1805, § 1, P. L. p. 634. 

(TO) Ibid., p. 705: ibid., § 12, P. L, p. 326. (66) Act of 1862, § 9. P. L. p. 141. 

(7i) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 74; act of 1870, (ec) Act of 1SC4, § 1, P. L. p. 776. 

§ 1, P. L. p. 814. (dd) Act of 1867, | 2, P. L. p. SH, act of 
(o) Act of 1869, § 2, P. L. D. 581. 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 1287. 



224 people's manual. 

In Fayette county they are allowed ^2 per day. (a) 

In Franklin county they are allowed, for collecting road tax, four per 
centum on the amount collected, and $2 per day for other services con- 
nected with the duties of their office. (6) 

In the township of Wells, county of Fulton, they are allowed $1 50 
per day.(c) 

In Greene county they are allowed $2 per day, {d ) except in the fol- 
lowing townships, where they are allowed such compensation as the 
township auditors deem just and equitable, viz: Morgan, Rich Plill, 
Jefferson, (e) Morris, (/) Franlilin, Cumberland, Centre, (^) Mononga- 
hela,(/i) and Washington, (t) 

In the township of Porter, county of Huntingdon, they are allowed 
f2 per day, (^■) and in the township of Warrior's Mark, same county, 
they are allowed %l 50 per day. (k) 

In the county of Indiana, they are allowed 551 50 per day.(Z) 

In the county of Jefferson, they are allowed $2 per day. (m) 

In the county of Juniata, they are allowed fl 50 per day. (n) 

In the county of Lackawanna, they are allowed $1 50 per day.(o) 

In the county of Lancaster, they are allowed $1 50 per day, ( p) except 
in the townshii^s of Fulton, Salisbury, and Little Britain, where they 
are allowed $2 per day. (g) 

In Lawrence county, rhey are allowed |1 50 per day, (r) except in 
Union township, where they are allowed $2 50 per day.(s) 

In Luzerne county, they are allowed %l 60 jser day, (() except in the 
townshij) of Hanover, the North and South districts of Wilkes-Barre 
township, and the township of Plains, where they are allowed $2. 50 per 
day.(tt) 

In the following townships of Lycoming county, they are allowed 
fl 50 per day, viz : Cumming,(?^) Clinton, (w) Brady, (a;) and Washing- 
ton, where they are ailowed"$2 per day.(:;/) 

In the township of Derry, Miitlin county, they are allowed $2 per day 
for every day engaged on the public roads. (2:) 

In Monroe county, they are allowed %l 50 per day,(a(X) except Cool- 
baugh townsliip, where they are allowed $2 per day,(6&) and Barrett 
townshiiJ, where they are allowed $1 75 per day. (cc) 

In Montgomery county, the township auditors are authorized to allow 
them a daily pay not exceeding |2. (cZd) 

In the township of Bethlehem, county of Northampton, they are al- 
lowed, on the settlement of their accouiits, a sum not exceeding |1 50 
per day.(ee) 

In the county of Northumberland, they are allowed %1 50 per day, {ff) 
except in Mount Carmel townsliip, where they are allowed $2 50 per 

day. (5-5') 
In Perry county, they are allowed $1 50 per day, (hh) except m Spring 

(a) Act of 18S9, § 1, P. L. p. 117; ibid., (g) Act of 1868, § 9, P. L. p. 331; act of 

§ 9, p. 389; act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 723. 

682. (r) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 512. 

(6) Act of 1869, § 5 and 7, P. L. p. 326 and (s) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 816. 

327. (t) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 121. 

(c) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1203. (u) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 1127; act of 

(d) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 690. 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1194. 

(e) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p.703; act of 1865, (v) ActoflSiiS, § 1, P. L. p. 892. 

§ 9, P. L. p. 338. (10) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1104. 

(/) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 694. (x) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 695. 

(g) Act of 1871, § 9, P. L. p. 1114. (y) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 1153. 

(h) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 627. (z) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 1181. 

(z) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 101. (aa) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 133. 

'U) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 1230. (66) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 773. 

(&) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 1025. (ce) Act of JS73, § 1, P. L. p. 633. 

(i) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 683. (dd) Act of 1864, § 1, P. L. p. 513. 

(m) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 437. (ee) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 718. 

(n) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. p. 983. (ff) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 471. 

(o) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 121. (gg) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 838. 

(jp) Act of 1865, § 1. P. L. p. 634. (hh) Act of 1369, § 1, P. L. p. 983. 



SALARIES AND FEES OP OFFICERS. 225 

township, where the township auditors are authorized to allow them any 
sum not exceeding ^'J per day. (a) 

In Potter county, they are allowed, on the settlement of their accounts, 
a sum not exceeding ?1 60 per day. (b) 

In Schuylkill county, they are allowed §1 25 per day, (c) except Tre- 
mont township, where they are allowed a sum not exceeding ^100, to be 
determined b}' the township auditors ; (d) Butler, Mahanoy, Reilly, and 
Rush townships, where the\' are allowed for viewing aud inspecting 
roads, a compensation not exceeding §150 per annum, to be determined 
b3' the township auditors ; (e) Branch township, where they are allowed 
§100 per annum ;(/) and the following townships, where they are al- 
lowed compensation not exceeding §1 50 per day, to be fixed by the 
townsliip auditors, viz: BIythe, Norwegian, ((;r) Cass, East Norwegian, (A) 
Foster, (?:) and New Castle, (j) 
In Somerset countj^, they are allowed $1 50 per day. (/;;) 
In Susquehanna county, tliey are allowed §1 50 per day, (I') but in Apo- 
lacon townsliiiD their compensation is not to exceed said sum, and is not 
to be paid for more than five days in each year for services in and about 
the business of the roads, (m) and in Clifford township their compensa- 
tion is not to exceed said sura, (n) » 
In Tioga county, they are allowed $1 50 per day.(o) 
In Washington county, they ai-e allowed $2 per day.(^) 
In certain to^vnships of Wayne county, theii* compensation is as fol- 
lows, viz : Damascus township, $1 50 per day, for not more than ten days 
in anyone year, except in laying out new roads and building bridges, {q) 
or not to exceed ten cents per day for each mill levied on the dollar of 
valuation, in case they le\'y less than twenty mills on the dollar ; (7-) in 
Buckingham to^^^lship, they are allowed a sum not exceeding $2 per 
day ;(.s) and in Paupack township, they are allowed $1 50 per day. (d) 
in West moreland county, they are allowed $2 per day. (u) 
In Wj-oming countj^, they are allowed $1 50 per day.Cv) 
In certain townships of York county, their compensation is as fol- 
lows, viz : In Fairview township, $1 50 per day for each and every day's 
work on the public roads ; (w) in Newberry township, $1 25 per day ; (a;) 
in North Codorus township, $1 50 per day ;(y) and in Peach Bottom 
township, 52 per day. (2) 

Road Commissioners. 

Section 74. The compensation of road commissioners is $2 per day. (aa) 

Township Auditors. 

Section 75. Township auditors each receive $1 for each day necessa- 
rily employed in the duties of their office, to be paid by the township 
treasurer, out of the tOAvnship funds. (6&) 

In the township of Collins, Allegheny cqjmtji, they receive 52 per 
day. (cc) 

In Armstrong county, $2 per day.(dd) 

(a) Act or 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 601. (p) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. a55. 

(6) Act of 1866. § 2, P. L. p. 709. (g) Act on868, § 8, P. L. p. 232. 

(e) Act of 1859, § 3, P. L. p, &50. (r) Act of 1873, § 4, P. L. p. 191. 

(d) Act of 18.59, § 1, P. L. p. 649. (S) Act Of 1872, § 5, P. L. p. 753. 

(e) Act of 186:^, § 1, P. L. p. 478. (t) Act of 1868, § 2, P. L. p. .364. 
(/) Act of 1868, § 9, P. L. p. 417. (u) Act of 1865, § 1, P. I., p. 6.^i. 
(g) Act of 1867, 5 1 P. L. p. 450 . (v) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1096. 
(A) Acton868, § I, P. L. p. 271. (lo) Act on864, § I, P. L. p. 776. 
(i) Act on8G9, § 1, P. L. p. 418. (x) Act of 1867, § I, P. L. p. 924. 
(,;■) Act of 1871, § 1, P. I., p. 5S3. (v) Act of 1S70, § 1, P. L. p. 308. 
(fc) Act of 1869, §3, P. L. p. 119. (z) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 741. 
(I) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p.80;uct of 1871, (ff«) Act of 1874, § 1, P. L. p. i:J8. 

S 3, P. L. p. 9!8. (W) Act of 1834, § 106, P. L. p. 556. 

(m) Act of 1S72, is 7, P. L. p. 1081. (cc) Act of 1867, § 2, P. L. p. 897. 

(«) Act of 1869, § 7, P. I>. p. 807. (dd) Act of 1873, § 1,P. L. p. ISO. 
(o) Act of 1857, § 1, P. L. p. 496. 

15 



226 people's MANUAIi. 

In Beaver county, except Darlington township, $2 per day.(a) 

In Berks county, $1 50 per day.{b) 

In the townships of Allegheny, Antis, and Snyder, Blair county, ?1 50 
per day. (c) 

In Bradford county, $1 50 per day, (d) 

In Carbon county, $1 50 per day.(e) 

In Chester county, |l 50 per day.(/) 

In Clarion county, $2 per day.(^) 

In Clearfield county, $2 per day.(/t) 

In Conyngham township, Columbia county, $2 per day.(i) 

In Elk'county, $2 50 per day.( j) 

In Erie county, $2 per day,"(/i;) except in the townships of Conneaut 
and Elk Creek. (?) 

In the township of Wells, Fulton county, §1 50 per day. (m) 

In the township of Warrior's Mark, Huntingdon county, $1 50 per 
day. (n) 

in Indiana county, $1 50 per day. (o) 

In Jefferson county, $1 50 per day.(p) 

In Juniata county, $2 per day. (qj 

In Lackawanna county, 50 cents per day in addition to amount fixed 
by general law,(>-) except in the township of Blakely, where it is not 
to exceed $1 50 per dtvy. (s) 

In Lawrence county, $1 50 per day, (i) except Union township, where 
it is $2 per day. (u) 

In Luzerne county, 50 cents per day in addition to the amount fixed 
by general Isuw.(v) 

In the township of Brady, Lycoming county, $1 50 per day. (w) 

In Monroe county, $1 50 per day.(.t;) 

In Montgomery county, $1 50 per day. (2/) 

In Northumberland county, ^1 50 per day. (2) 

In the township of Spring, Perry county, $1 50 per day. (aa) 

In Potter county, not to exceed $1 50 per day. (66) 

In Somerset county, $1 50 per day. (cc) 

In Susquehanna county, $1 50 per day. (dd) 

In Washington county, $2 per day. (ee) 

In the township of Damascus, Wayne county, $2 50 per day.(jf ) 

In the county of Westmoreland, ^1 50 per day. (^gg) 

In Wyommg county, $1 50 per day. (hh) 

In York county, $2 per day. (ii) 

Town Clerks. 

Section 76. Town clerks receive such compensation as the supervisors 

determine on, and for making entry of strays, he receives for each head 

of horsekind, 50 cents ; each head of cattle, 25 cents, and for every sheep, 

6 cents, to be paid by the person delivering notice to owners. (jj) 

(a) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 354. (s) Act of 1868, § 4, P. L. p. 1108. 

(6) Act of 1869, § 2, P. L. p. 581. (.t) Act of 1866. § J, P. I., p. 512. 

(c) Act of 1865, § 1, r. L. p. 654; act of (w) Act of 1870, § 2, P. L. p. 816. 

1868, § 1, P. L. p. 601. (V) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 177. 

(d) Act of 1867, § 2, P. L. p. 456. (w) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 695. 

(e) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 1102. (a;) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 133. 
(/) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 246. (y) Act of 1864, § 3, P. L. p. 426. 
{g) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 452. (z) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 471. 

(h) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 499. (aa) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 601; act of 

(i) Act of 186^ § 1, P. L. p. 961. 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 654. 

(J) Act of 1871, § 1, P. Jr. p. 994. (bh) Act of 1866, § 2, P. L. p. 709. 

(k) Act of 1835, § 3, P. L,. p. 479; act of (cc) Act of 1869, § 3, P. L. p. 1:9. 

1867, § 1, P. L. p. 208. (dd) Act of 1SB7, § 2, P. L. p. 456. 
(I) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1350; act of (ee) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 354. 

1873, 5 1, P. L. p. 779. (ff) Act of 1872, § 1, P. h. p. 869. 

(m) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1203. (gg) Act of 1869, § 1, P. L. 663. 

(n) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L,. p. 1025. (hh) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1096. 

(0) Act of 1870, § 1, P. I., p. 1218. (ii) Act 1867, § 2, P. L. p. t70. 

(p) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 714. (JJ) Act of 1834, § 99, P. L. p. 555; act of 
(q) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 925. 1807, § 2. 4 Sm., p. 473. 

(r) Act of 1865, § 1, P. L. p. 177. 



SAIiARIES AND FEES OF OFFICERS. 227 

In the township of Red Bank, Armstrong county, the town clerk re- 
ceives §1 50 per day. (a) 

In Jefferson county, they receive $1 50 per day, (6) and in Wyoming 
count}', $1 50 per day. (c) 

Assessors. 

Section 77. Compensation of assessors the same as in Digest of Elec- 
tion Laws, except in cities of second class, where members of the board 
receive compensation as follows, viz: Chief assessor an annual salary of 
$2,500, and the other members of the board $5 per day, for each day of 
actual service, to be determined hy affidavit of assessors before the city 
controller, (rf) 

In cities of the third class, courts of common pleas are empowered to 
appoint, and their salaries and modes of payment are to be fixed by 
ordinance, (e) 

In the city of Oil City, Venango county, they receive $3 per day.^/) 

Over§eers of the Poor. 

Section 78. In the township of Red Bank, county of Armstrong, 
overseers of the poor receive ?1 50 per day.(^) 

In Carbon county, fl 50 per day.(^) 

In Clearfield county, $2 per day. (i) 

In the to\ATiship of Conyngham Columbia county, $2 per day. (j) 

in Lawrence county, SI 50 per day. (^-) 

In the township of Clinton, Lycoming county, $1 50 per day. (?) 

In Monroe county, ?1 50 per d\^3^ (m) 

And in Wj^oming county, $1 50 per day. (n) 

Note — We failed to find any general law governing the compensation 
of overseers of the poor, and found but few special acts on the subject. 

Township Treasurer. 

Section 79. Each township treasurer receives in full compensation 
for his services, a certain amount per cent, on all moneys received and 
paid out by him, to be settled, from time to time, by the supervisors, 
with the approbation of the township auditors, (o) 

Burgess. 

Section 80. The council of each borough is empowered to prescribe 
by ordinance the salary to be paid out of the borough treasury to the 
burgess of such borough in lieu of fees, fines, and costs, (p) 

Borough Auditors. 

Section 81. The compensation of borough auditors is fixed by the 

town council of the several boroughs, (g) 
In Armstrong countj^ they are allowed $2 per day. (?-) 
In Beaver and Washington counties, except Darlington township, in 

the former county, $2 per day.(s) 

Borough Treasurers. 

Section 82. The compensation of borough treasurers is fixed by the 
town council, (0 but in Ashland, Schuylkill county, and Dunmore, 

(a) Act of 1868, § 8, P. L. p. 209. (I) Act ofl871, § 1, P. L. p. 1104. 

(b) Act of 1867, § 4, P. L. p. 662. (m) Act of 1868, § 1, P. L. p. 133. 
(e) Act of 1871, § 1, P. L. p. 1096. (n) Act of 1871, § 1. P. L. p. 1096. 

(d) Act of 187ti, § 1, P. L. p. 12-!. (0) Act of 1834, § 97, P. L. p. 555. 

(e) Act of 1875, § 1, P. L. p. 15 and 16. (p) Act of 1876, U, P. L. p. 27. 
(/) Act of 1873, § 3, P. L. p. 421. (q) Act of 1851, § 2, P. L. p. 322. 
(g) Act of 1868, § 8, P. L. p. 209. (j-) Act of 1873, § 1, P. L. p. 180. 
(/I) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 1102. («) Act of 1870, § 1, P. L. p. 354. 

(i) Act of 1872, § 1, P. L. p. 499. (t) Act of 1861, § 3 and 11, P. L. p, 323 and 

(j) Act of 1867, § 1, P. L. p. 961. 324. 

(fc) Act of 1866, § 1, P. L. p. 512. 



228 people's manual. 

Luzerne county, his compensation is not to exceed one per cent^im on 
all inoneys paid out by him, (a) and in Easton, jSIorthampton county, 
it is ?500/$300 of which amount is paid out of borough taxes, and $200 
out of scliool funds. (&) 

Collectors of School Tax. 

Section 83. Collectors of school tax are appointed by the boards of 
directors or controllers, and receive such compensation as may be agreed 
upon, not exceeeing five per cent, on the money collected, (c) 

Special Acts Relating to Certain Districts. 

Section 84. In Allegheny City, the board of controllers elect, annu- 
ally, a receiver of taxes, to whom all school taxes are payable. If the 
tax is paid after October 1st, five per cent, is added. If the tax is not 
paid on or. before jSovember 1st, the receiver of taxes issues his war- 
rant, accompanied Avith a scliedule of the unpaid taxes, to collectors ap- 
pointed by the finance committee of the county, who shall collect the 
same, with five per cent, added, (d) 

In Reading, Berks county, the duplicates, when made out, are placed 
in the hands of the treasurer of the school district, to whom ail taxes 
are to be paid. All taxes not paid on or before October 1st, are placed 
in the hands of collectors, appointed by the board of controllers, who 
shall collect the same, with ten per cenL added, in the manner provided 
by law for collecting taxes, (e) 

In Robeson township, Berks county, the collection of the school tax 
is given to the lowest bidder, giving good security for the collection of 
the same. ( /) 

In Lancaster city, Lancaster county, the collection of the school taxes 
is given to tlie lowest bidder, he to give good security for the same. ('(7) 

The commissioners of Jefferson county may issue one general order 
for each township, for road and school taxes on unseated lands in the 
different townships of said county, and the fees for collecting the same 
shall be paid out of the road and school fund so collected. 70 

(a) Act of 1872, ^ 2, P. L. p. 80 ; act of (e) Act of 1833, P. L. p. 410. 

1870, ? 2, P. L. p. 496. (/) Act of 1866, P. L. p. 213. 

(6) Act of 1870, § 2, P. L. p. 1017. (g) Act of 1855, P. L. p. 92. 

(c) Act of 1854, § 31, P. L. p. 624. (h) Act of 1862, P. L. p. 214. 
' (d) Act of 1863, P. Li. p. 434, 435. 



i:ndex. 



PART FIRST. 
Congress : sec. Page. 
Number of Senators aad Represontatives— Qualitica- 
tions and terms of service — How elected — Apportion- 
ment, ... . 1 3 

Organization and meetings, ... 24 
Duties, powers, and privileges of Congress and its 

members, 3 5 

Limitations on the powers of Congress, 4 6 

Manner of passing laws, 5 7 

Compensation of members, 6 8 

Impeachment, 7 8 

Duties, powers, privileges of the States and citizens 

thereof, and limitations on the powers of the States, . 8 8 
Officers of the Senate and House, with their annual 

salaries, 9-10 9 

Salaries of clerks to committees, 11-12 10 

Standing committees of Senate, 13 10 

House, 14 11 

Congressional Library, . 15 11 

Description of Capitol Building, 16 12 

Department op Agriculture, U. S. : 

Duties of Commissioner of Agriculture, 1 50 

Divisions in the Department and duties assigned to each, 2-9 50 
Salaries of principal officers, . . . 10 50 
Approximate numbers of clerks, &c., in the several de- 
partments at Washington, 12 51 

Department of the Interior: 

Duties of the Secretary of the Interior, 1 47 

Assistant Secretary, and his duties, 2 47 

Commissioner of iPatents, 3 47 

Pensions, 4 47 

Public Lands, 5 47 

Indian Affairs, 6 47 

Education, 7 48 

Bureau of Labor Statistics, 8 48 

Commissioner of Railroads, 9 48 

Geological Surve^^, 10 48 

Superintendent of the Census, 11 48 

Public documents, 12 48 

Salaries of principal officers, 13 49 

The Territories, 14 49 

Department of Justice : 

Duties of Attorney General, chief clerk, and law clerk, 1 39 

Solicitor General, and his duties, ... 2 39 

Assistant Attorneys General, and their duties, .... 3 39 

Other law officers, and their duties, 4 39 

Salaries of principal officers 5 39 

(229) 



230 



PEOPIiE'S MANUAIi. 



Department of State: sec. Page. 
Duties of Secretary of State, assistant secretaries, and 

chief clerk, ... 1-2 22 

Bureaus in the Department, and duties assigned to 

each, 3 22 

Salaries of principal ofiBcers, 4 23 

Foreign Legations at Washington, .... . . 5 23 

U. S. Ministers to foreign nations, with their salaries, . 6-7 23 

JuDicrAii System, U. S. : 

Constitutional provisions, 1 52 

Classes of courts, - . . . 2-5 53 

Supreme Court — 

Organization, term, salaries, &c., 1 54 

Jurisdiction, 2 54 

Circuit Courts — 

Organization, salaries, &c., 1 56 

Jurisdiction, . . 2 56 

Terms and places of meeting, 3 57 

District Courts — 

Organization, salaries, &c., 1 58 

Jurisdiction, 2 58 

General provisions relating to all the courts, 3 58 

District attorneys and raai'shals, , . , . , 6 59 

Juries and jurors, . . 7 59 

Court of Claims, . . 1-5 61 

Courts of the Territories and the District of Columbia, 6 62 

Navy Department : 

Duties of Secretary of the Navy, 1 44 

Chief clerk, and chiefs of bureaus, ... . 2 44 

Bureaus in the Department, and duties assigned to each, 3-11 44 

Organization of the navy, ... ... . . . 13-16 45 

How appointments are made, 17 45 

How officers are retired, 18 45 

Pay of officers and enlisted men, 19 45 

Number of enlisted men, and term of service, .... 19 46 

Marine Corps, . . ... 20-22 46 

Naval Academy, number of cadets, how appointed, <fec., 23-25 46 

President and Vice President: 

Qualitications and term of President, 1 14 

Manner of election, 2 14 

Oath, power, duties, and compensation, . 3 15 

Manner of election, and duties of Vice President, . . 4 16 
In case of death, &c., of President and Vice President, 

who to act as President, 5 16 

Salary of President and Vice President, 6 17 

Salaries of employes in Executive office, 7 17 

Post-Opficb Department : 

Duties of Postmaster General, 1 40 

First Assistant Postmaster General, and his duties, . 3-8 40 

Second Assistant Postmaster General, and his duties, . 9-12 40 

Third Assistant Postmaster General, and his duties, . . 13-17 41 

Superintendent of Foreign Mails, . . ... . . 18 41 

Money-order system, 19 41 

Classification of post-offices, and salaries of postmasters, 20 42 

Salaries of principal officers, 19 41 



INDEX. 231 

Pbovisions AppLiCABiiE TO ALL THE Departments : sec. Page. 
Number and names of Executive Departments, and 

powers and duties of their chief officers, . 1 18 

Classification of clerks, and who may be appointed, . 1 18 

Chief clerks and disbursing clerks, " . 1 18 

Salaries of clerks in departments, .... 2 18 

Cabinet officers to make annual report to Congress, . . 3 19 

Salaries of cabinet officers, . 4 19 

Civil Service Commission, and its duties, 5-14 19 

Tkeasury Department : 

Duties of Secretary of Treasury, 1 29 

Divisions in Secretar3'-'8 office, 2 29 

Has supervision of collection of customs duties, ... 3 29 

Duties of assistant secretaries and chief cleric, . . . 4-6 29 

First and second comptrollers, and their duties, .... 7-8 30 

Commissioner of customs, and his duties, y 30 

First auditor, and his duties, 10-16 31 

Second auditor, and his duties, 17-23 31 

Third auditor, and his duties, 24-31 32 

Fourth auditor, and his duties, 32-35 33 

Fifth auditor, and his duties, 36-39 33 

Sixth auditor, and liis duties, . 40-48 33 

Treasurer of the United States, and his duties, .... 49-55 34 

Register of the Treasury, and his duties, 56-61 34 

Comptroller of the Currency, and his duties, 68-69 35 

Director of the Mint, and his duties, ... 67 35 
Solicitor of the Treasury, and Solicitor of Internal Rev- 
enue, ... 68-69 36 
Commissioner of Internal Revenue, and his duties, . . 70-78 36 

Superintendent of Coast Survey, 79 37 

Marine Hospital Service, 80 37 

Inspectors of Steam Vessels, 81 37 

Superintendent of Life-Saving Service, 82 38 

Salaries of principal officers in the department, .... 82 38 

War Department : 

Duties of Secretary of War and chief clerk of Depart- 
ment, . 1-2 24 

Bureaus in the Department, and duties assigned to each, 3-12 24 

Salaries of chief clerics and chiefs of bureaus, 13 25 

Composition of regular army, ... 14-17 25 

Number of enlisted men— term of service, 18 26 
Number and rank of officers in Adjutant General's De- 
partment, Quartermaster's Deiaartment, &c., .... 19-27 26 

How promotions are made in the army, 28 26 

Brevet commissions, 29 26 

Pay of officers and enlisted men, 31-34 27 

When officers may be retired, and how, 35 28 

Military academy, number of cadets, how appointed, 

their duties, pay, &c., 36 28 



PART SECOND. 

Adjutant General's Office and State Militia: 

Composition of National Guard, 1 98 

Who liable to military duty, 2 98 

Organization of National Guard, 3-10 98 

How officers are appointed, lJ-15 99 

Term of service, uniform, encampments, <fec., 16-18 99 



232 people's manual. 

Sec. Page. 

Pay of National Guard, 19-20 99 

Adjutant General and his duties, 21-22 99 

State Military Board, 23 100 

Clerks, salaries, &c., . , 24-27 100 

Attorney General's Office: 

How appointed, bond, &c., 1 79 

General duties, 2-11 79 

Member of several boards, '. 12 80 

Deputy, and his duties, 13 80 

Salaries, &c., 15 80 

Auditor General's Office: 

How and when Auditor General elected, bond, how va- 
cancy tilled, (fee, 1 81 

General duties, . . 2-11 82 

Chief clerk, corporation clerk, &c., and their duties, . 13-15 82 

Salaries, &c., , 16 82 

Department of Public Instruction : 

Constitutional provisions, 1 90 

Support of common schools, and duties of directors, . . 2-5 90 
State Superintendent — 

How appointed, term, bond, &c., 6 90 

His general duties, 6-15 90 

County Superintendents — 

How and when elected; term, salary, &c., . . , , . 16 91 

General duties, 17-21 91 

Teachers' certificates, 19 92 

County institutes, 20 93 

City and Borough Superintendents, . 22 93 

Normal schools, 23-27 93 

Miscellaneous provisions, . 28-30 95 

Deputy Superintendents and clerks, 30-33 95 

Salaries, &c., 34 95 

Elections : 

When held, 1 125 

What officers elected, 2 125 

.Who may vote, 3 125 

Election districts, 4 125 

ofiicers, 5 126 

Manner of voting, 6 126 

To whom returns are made, 7 126 

Expenses op the State Goverment, how paid, . . 113 

General Borough Laws, 166 

Governor and Lieutenant Governor : 

Constitutional provisions as to Governor, 1-6 71 

Legislative provisions as to Governor, 7-18 72 

Lieutenant Governor, ... 19-20 73 
Officers and employes in executive office, their duties, 

&c., 21-24 73 

Salaries, 24 74 

Insurance Department : 

How Insurance Commissioner appointed, term, bond, 

&c., 1 102 

His general duties, 2-7 102 

Salaries. &c., 8 102 



INDEX. 233 

Judicial System of Pennsylvania: sec. Page. 

Supreme Court, 1-8 127 

State reiDorter, 9 127 

Common Pleas and other Courts — 

Coiiistitutioual provisions, 1-10 129 

Leo;islative provisions, 11-14 130 

Courts of Oj'er and Terminer, 15 130 

Courts of Q.uarter Sessions, 16 13 L 

Orphans' Courts, 17-20 131 

Salaries of ;iudges, 21-23 132 

Common Pleas districts, 24 132 

Justices of tno peace, aldermen, and magistrates, . . . 133 

Mine Inspectors, 106 

Notaries Public, ... 154 

Office of Internal Affairs : 

How and when Secretary of Internal Affairs elected, 

how vacancy filled, bond, &c., 1-2 87 

Powers and duties relating to corporations, 3-4 87 

Duties relative to collecting mineral statistics, 5-6 87 

Bureau of Industrial Statistics, 7-9 88 

Assessments and taxable property, . . , 10 88 

Miscellaneous provisions, . . 11-16 88 

Deputy Secretary, and his duties, 16 89 

Chief of Bureau of Statistics, and his duties, 16 89 

Salaries, &c., 17 89 

Public Printing and Binding: 

When and how public printing is let, 1 103 

When and how work is done, 2 103 

Paper and material, 3-5 103 

Superintendent, and his duties, 6-11 103 

How accounts are settled and paid, 13 104 

Public documents printed, 14 104 

Legislative Record, 16-18 104 

Secretary of Commonw^ealth's Office : 

Appointment and general duties, 1-4 75 

Bond — member of several boards, 1 75 

Duties relative to the laws, 5 75 

charters of corporations, ....... 6-10 75 

election returns, 11-16 76 

Miscellaneous duties, 17-20 77 

Deputy Secretary, and his duties, 22 77 

Chief clerk, and"^his duties, 23 77 

Other clerks and employes, 24-26 77 

Salaries, &c., 27 77 

Distribution of the laws, 28 77 

Soldiers' Orphan Schools: 

Origin of the sj'stein, 35 95 

General plan, 36 96 

Course of study, 37 96 

Who admitted^ when schools to close, &c., 39 96 

Cost of education and maintenance, 40 96 

Officers, and their salaries, 41 97 



234 people's manual. 

State Institutions : ^ec. page. 

Penitentiaries, 1_8 116 

Industrial reformatory, 9_10 117 

Hospitals for tiie insane, 11-23 117 

Houses of refuge, 24-28 118 

Institutions for deaf, dumb, and blind, 29-32 119 

State Libraky 112 

State Militia, 98 

State Treasurer's Office and Sinking Fund : 

How and when State Treasurer elected, how vacancies 

tilled, bond, &c., 1 83 

His general duties, 2-9 83 

Chief clerk, and his duties, 11 81 

Salaries, (fee, 13 84 

Sinking Fund — 

Constitutional provisions, . . 15 84 

Who constitute the Board of Sinking Fund Com- 
missioners, 16 84 

Duties of Commissioners, 18-20 84 

What constitutes the Fund, . . . . 17 84 
General provisions relative to paying principal and 

interest of State debt, 21-24 84 

Subjects and Rates of Taxation : 

State taxes 1-15 121 

County taxes, 16-18 123 

Township taxes, 19 123 

School taxes, 20 123 

Borough taxes, 21 124 

Property exempt from taxation, '. . , 22 124 

The Legislature: 

Number of members, formation of districts, senatorial 

and representative ratio, ...... 1-4 65 

Qualifications, term, and time of election of Senators 

and Representatives, . 5-6 65 
Duties, powers, and privileges, of the Legislature and 

its members, 7-9 66 

Manner of legislation, 10-12 66 

Limitations on legislation, 13-25 67 

Briber^^ and corrupt solicitation 26-27 69 

Impeachment, . . .- 28 69 

Compensation of members, . . 29 69 

Officers, mode of appointment, and salary, 30-38 70 

Various Boards: 

Board of Revenue Commissioners, 1-6 108 

Property, 7-8 108 

State Board of Agriculture. 9-14 109 

Public Charities, 15-18 109 

Public Grounds and Buildings, .... 19-20 110 

Port Wardens, Philadelphia, 21 110 

Pardons, 22-23 110 



INDEX. 235 

PART THIRD. 

County Officers : p^ge 

Some f?6ueral remarks, 137 

Sherifts, 138 

Prothoiiotaries, 140 

Clerks of courts, Quarter Sessi.)ns and Oyer and Terminer, . 141 

Clerks of Orphans' Courts, and registers' of wills, 142 

Recorders of deeds, 144 

County treasurers, 144 

County commissioners, 146 

County auditors, 149 

District attorneys, 150 

Coroners, . 150 

County surveyors, 151 

Jury commissioners, 151 

Directors of the poor, 152 

Mercantile appraisers, 152 

Auditors of accounts of county officeis, 154 

Township Officers ; 

Some general remarks, 156 

Assessors, 157 

Supervisors, 158 

Overseers of the poor, 159 

Auditors, 160 

Town clerks, 161 

Township treasurers, 161 

Constables, 161 

Tax collectors, 163 

School directors, 164 

Justices of the peace, 165 

Election officers, 165 



PART FOURTH. 

Salaries and Fees of Officers : 5ec. Page, 

Salaries of Philadelphia countj^ officers, 1 173 

Allegheny county officers, 2 173 
Berks, Lancaster, Luzerne, and Schuylkill 

county officers, 3 174 

Fees of notaries public, 4 175 

county treasurers, 5-6 176 

prothonotaries, 7-10 180 

sherifis, 11-14 184 

registers of wills, 15-16 188 

recorders of deeds, 17-20 189 

clerks of orphans' courts, . . 21-24 190 

courts of quarter sessions, 25-28 192 

over and terminer 29-30 195 

district attorneys, ." 31-32 196 

coroners, 33 197 

county surveyors, 34 198 

surveyors on road view^s, &c., 199 

Salaries of county solicitors, 35 199 

controllers, 36 199 

engineers, 37 199 

detectives, 38 199 

Pay of jury commissioners, 39 199 

county commissioners, 40-41 200 



236 PEOPLE'S MANUAL. 

Seo. Page, 

Pay of county commissioners' clerk, 42-43 202 

auditors, 44-45 202 

clerli, i . . . . 46 204 

court criers and tipstaves, 47-48 204 

stenograpliers, 49 205 

jurors, 50-51 205 

Fees of mercantile appraisers, 52-53 206 

arbitrators and referees, 54 206 

witnesses, 55-56 206 

Pay of appraisers of decedents' estates, 57 209 

road viewers, &c., 58 209 

commissioners to divide townships, &c 59 209 

chain carriers, 60 209 

magistrates in Philadelphia, 61 209 

Fees of justices of the peace and aldermen, 62-66 210 

constables, 67-71 218 

surgeons, sAi post mortems, 72 222 

Pay of supervisors, 73 222 

road commissioners, 75 225 

township auditors, 75 225 

town clerks, 76 226 

assessors, 77 227 

poor overseers, 78 227 

township treasurers, 79 227 

burgesses, 80 227 

borough auditors, 81 227 

treasurers, 82 227 

collectors of school taxes, 83-84 228 



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